Jurnal Bina Mulia Hukum
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REFORMASI AGRARIA DALAM KERANGKA OTONOMI DAERAH
Full text linkABSTRACT
Penelitian ini membahas bagaimana pembaruan agraria dipercayai sebagai proses perombakan agraria di daerah dan pembangunan kembali struktur sosial masyarakat, serta terjaminnya kepastian penguasaan atas tanah bagi rakyat sebagai sumberdaya kehidupan mereka, sistem kesejahteraan sosial dan jaminan sosial bagi rakyat di daerah. Metode penelitian yang digunakan yuridis normatif, hanya meneliti normanya saja sehingga hanya meneliti bahan kepustakaan. Penelitian ini menggunakan spefikasi penelitian yang bersifat deskriptif analitis yaitu penelitian yang menggambarkan secara menyeluruh dan sistematis dari pokok masalah. Hasil yang diperoleh diharapkan memberikan gambaran yang sebenarnya dari permasalahan, maka daerah diharapkan mampu meningkatkan daya saing dengan memperhatikan prinsip demokrasi, pemerataan, keadilan, keistimewaan, dan kekhususan serta potensi dan keanekaragaman daerah dalam sistem Negara Kesatuan Republik Indonesia. Urusan pelayanan pertanahan secraa yuridis formal adalah merupakan urusan wajib yang diberikan oleh Undang-undang kepada pemerintahan daerah, untuk tercapainya kepastian dan perlindungan hukum serta keadilan dan kemakmuran bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia pemerintah mengeluarkan Peraturan Presiden Nomor 86 Tahun 2018 tentang Reforma Agraria. Keywords: agraria; otonomi daerah; reformasi.
ABSTRACT
This study discusses how agrarian reform is believed to be a process of overhauling land in the region and rebuilding the social structure of society, as well as ensuring certainty over land tenure for the people as their source of livelihood, social welfare system and social security for the people in the region. The research used is normative juridical, only researching the norms so that only researching library materials. In this study, the author uses research specifications that are descriptive analytical, namely research that describes thoroughly and systematically from the subject matter. From the results obtained, it is expected to provide a true picture of the problem. So the regions are expected to be able to increase competitiveness by taking into account the principles of democracy, equity, justice, privilege, and specificity as well as the potential and diversity of regions in the system of the Unitary State of the Republic of Indonesia. The affairs of land services are mandatory matters given by law to regional governments. To achieve legal certainty and protection as well as justice and prosperity for all Indonesian people, the government issued Presidential Regulation Number 86 of 2018 concerning Agrarian Reform. Keywords: agrarian; reform; regional autonomy
INDUSTRIAL RELATION PROBLEMATICS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC: ASSESSING THE EFFECTIVENESS OF MEDIATION AS DISPUTE SETTLEMENT PROCESS
Full text linkThe failure to produce a peace agreement as an implementation of the bipartite process open up opportunity for the parties to resolve their disputes by the tripartite stage. At this stage, although the parties are given the opportunity to choose the settlement model used either through arbitration, conciliation or mediation, in general, the parties have a tendency to choose the settlement model through mediation facilitated by the Manpower Office based on process efficiency. The purpose of this study is to identify and determine the characteristics of industrial relations disputes that occur in the tourism sector during the Covid-19 pandemic, to identify and find out the obstacles that occur in the implementation of industrial relations dispute mediation in the tourism sector during the Covid-19 pandemic, to measure and analyze how effective mediation is in resolving industrial relations disputes in the tourism sector during the Covid-19 pandemic besides to find and formulate efforts that can be made to strengthen the position of mediation as an alternative dispute resolution in industrial relations. The method used in this study is an empirical legal research method with a conceptual approach and a case approach
PERDAGANGAN INTERNASIONAL DAN PERLINDUNGAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP: SEBUAH “TRADE-OFF” PADA SISTEM WTO YANG MEMERLUKAN PENYELESAIAN
Full text linkABSTRAKPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji bagaimana ketentuan WTO memberikan perlindungan terhadap lingkungan, dan bagaimana solusi atas multitafsir aturan-aturan WTO terkait dengan perlindungan lingkungan. Penelitian ini adalah penelitian hukum normatif. Data yang digunakan adalah data sekunder yang meliputi bahan hukum primer, bahan hukum sekunder, dan bahan hukum tersier. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan library research, sedangkan teknik analisis data menggunakan penafsiran hukum. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada beberapa ketentuan WTO yang mengatur tentang perlindungan lingkungan, khususnya terkait dengan akses pasar. Aturan tersebut adalah: (1) standardisasi internasional, aturan teknis, dan standar teknis; (2) aturan pengecualian Pasal XX GATT 1994; dan (3) eco-label. Namun demikian, dalam implementasi, aturan ini ditafsirkan secara berbeda-beda oleh negara anggota WTO sehingga menyebabkan timbulnya sengketa. Bahkan, bagi negara miskin dan berkembang, aturan-aturan ini dianggap sebagai proteksi terselubung negara maju atas pasar dan produk nasional mereka. Sebagai penyelesaian atas masalah ini, maka diperlukan penafsiran yang bijaksana dari negara anggota WTO dengan berdasarkan pada kemampuan masing-masing negara. Bahkan Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) WTO juga harus memberikan penafsiran yang proporsional dan berkeadilan jika perbedaan penafsiran diantara negara anggota WTO ini kemudian menimbulkan sengketa dan masuk ke lembaga tersebut. Kata kunci: perdagangan internasional; perlindungan lingkungan; world trade organization.
ABSTRACTThis research aims to examine on how the provisions of the WTO provide protection for the environment, and explores elucidations to multiple interpretations of WTO rules on environmental protection. This research constitutes a normative legal research. The data used are secondary data containing primary legal materials, secondary dan tertiary legal ones. The technique of conveying data uses library research, while the technique of data analysis uses legal interpretation. The results of the study denote that many WTO provisions provide environmental protection, specifically related to market access. Those rules are: (1) international standardization, technical rules, and technical standards; (2) General Exception of Article XX of GATT 1994; and (3) eco-labeling. However, in implementation, these rules were opposed differently by WTO member countries so that leading to disputes. Moreover, for least-developed and developing countries, these rules are considered as hidden protection of developed countries for their domestic markets and products. As a solution, a challenging interpretation of the WTO member countries is needed with the capabilities of each country. Even the Dispute Settlement Body (DSB) of WTO should also provide a proportional and fair interpretation if the multiple interpretation between the WTO member countries then cause a disputes.Keywords: environmental protection; international trade; world trade organization
PERLINDUNGAN KORBAN DALAM KASUS PEMBUNUHAN DAN PENGANIAYAAN BERDASARKAN HUKUM ISLAM DAN HUBUNGANNYA DENGAN RESTORATIVE JUSTICE
Full text linkABSTRAK
Hukum Islam mengajarkan keadilan dalam banyak hal, perlakuan keadilan harus dilakukan dengan seadil-adilnya, termasuk juga terhadap pelaku dan korban. Pelaku dalam kasus pembunuhan disengaja dan kasus penganiayaan telah ditentukan jenis hukumannya dalam bentuk qishâsh, diyat dan hukuman tambahan lainnya. Hukuman tersebut merupakan hak korban dalam rangka memuliakan dan menghormati hak asasi manusia korban. Artikel ini membahas perlindungan korban dalam kasus pembunuhan disengaja dan penganiayaan berdasarkan hukum islam dan hubungannya dengan restorative justice. Beranjak dari hal tersebut, artikel ini dibahas dengan berpedoman kepada penelitian hukum doktrinal dan ditulis melalui penelusuran literatur hukum dengan kesimpulan berpikir yang kritis dan rasional dari pola deduktif. Dalam hukum Islam tidak selamanya qishash harus dilaksanakan dalam kasus pembunuhan disengaja dan penganiayaan, ada kalanya hukuman tersebut diganti dengan diyat. Pergantian qishâsh ke diyat menunjukkan hukum Islam benar-benar memberikan perlindungan yang maksimal kepada korban, pergantian jenis hukuman tersebut dapat terjadi apabila korban memberikan maaf kepada pelaku, hal ini menunjukkan hukum Islam jauh sebelumnya telah menerapkan restorative justice.
Kata kunci: keadilan; korban; pelaku.
ABSTRACT
Islamic law teaches justice in many ways, the treatment of justice must be done fairly, including the perpetrators and victims. Perpetrators in cases of intentional murder and cases of assault have been given the type of punishment in the form of qishash, diyat and other additional punishments. The punishment is the right of the victim in order to honor and respect the human rights of the victim. This article discusses the protection of victims in cases of intentional homicide and maltreatment under Islamic law and its relation to restorative justice. Moving on from this, this article is discussed based on doctrinal legal research and is written through a search of the legal literature with the conclusion of critical and rational thinking from deductive patterns. In Islamic law, qishash does not always have to be carried out in cases of intentional murder and persecution, there are times when the punishment is replaced with diyat. The substitution of gishash to diyat shows that Islamic law really provides maximum protection to the victim, the change in the type of punishment can occur if the victim apologizes to the perpetrator, this shows that Islamic law has implemented restorative justice long before. Keywords: justice; performers; victims
VALUASI KERUGIAN LINGKUNGAN HIDUP: STUDI ATAS PERSEPSI HAKIM DALAM PUTUSAN PENGADILAN PADA 2009-2019
Full text linkABSTRAK
Sejak diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Nomor 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Pemerintah Republik Indonesia telah melakukan upaya-upaya perlindungan lingkungan hidup secara represif melalui mekanisme gugatan perdata, khususnya terhadap kerusakan dan Kebakaran Hutan dan Lahan (Karhutla). Dalam kurun waktu 2009-2019, tercatat terdapat 15 perkara yang diajukan oleh pemerintah ke pengadilan. Upaya pemerintah tersebut telah menghasilkan putusan yang mewajibkan perusahaan untuk membayar sejumlah ganti kerugian dengan nilai yang signifikan. Tulisan ini melakukan analisis terhadap perspesi hakim terkait dengan valuasi kerusakan lingkungan hidup. Analisis dilakukan untuk melihat persoalan-persoalan hukum yang diperdebatkan di dalam perkara putusan tersebut, dan bagaimana hakim di dalam putusannya menyelesaikan persoalan hukum tersebut. Dengan menggunakan metode empiris normatif dalam melakukan analisa terhadap putusan dari perkara tersebut, tulisan ini menemukan 2 (dua) persoalan hukum, yakni: penerapan prinsip tanggung jawab mutlak dan perhitungan kerugian kerusakan lingkungan hidup. Kata kunci: gugat perdata lingkungan; kebakaran hutan dan lahan; kerusakan lingkungan hidup; valuasi kerugian lingkungan hidup.
ABSTRACT
Since the enactment of Law Number 32 Year 2009 on Protection and Management of the Environment. The Indonesian Government has conducted a series of repressive measure to protect environment through civil litigation against polluters. The majority of litigation process have been done against polluters who caused damages to the forest and land ecosystem. Between 2009-2019, the government sued 15 companies to the civil court. The government effort resulted in substantial amount of damage award for the government. The analysis focuses on the legal issues in application of damage valuation applied by judges in those decisions. The analysis employs empirical approach to analyses the court decisions, and found two legal issues on the application, namely, the application of strict liability and the method in valuing the environmental damages. Keywords: environmental damages valuation; environmental civil litigation; environmental damages; land and forest fire
URGENSI PENGATURAN MENGENAI ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE PADA SEKTOR BISNIS DARING DALAM MASA PANDEMI COVID-19 DI INDONESIA
Full text linkABSTRAK
Pandemi COVID-19 berdampak pada aktivitas bisnis online yang semakin digemari oleh masyarakat, perkembangan bisnis online ini didukung oleh pemanfaatan teknologi informasi. Artificial Intelligence (AI) yang merupakan bagian dari teknologi informasi membantu pelaku usaha memfasilitasi komunikasi dengan konsumen, sehingga pemasaran dari produk yang mereka tawarkan dapat meningkat. AI yang dirancang dan digunakan untuk memudahkan pelaksanaan kegiatan manusia dibidang bisnis dapat membantu pengusaha mengolah setiap data dan informasi dari konsumen, sehingga memudahkan dalam pemetaan perilaku calon konsumen yang menjadi target pemasaran produk. Artikel ditulis dengan tujuan untuk menunjukkan urgensi regulasi yang mengatur AI di bidang bisnis, agar tidak menimbulkan penyalahgunaan terhadap data yang diambil dan diolah menggunakan AI, sehingga menimbulkan kerugian bagi pemilik data. Metode yang digunakan adalah yuridis empiris disertai pendekatan kualitatif. Data yang diteliti adalah data sekunder berupa tulisan-tulisan dari para ahli di bidang teknologi informasi dan ahli hukum, untuk melihat hubungan antara teknologi informasi di bidang bisnis. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan AI harus diatur dan diawasi oleh badan khusus untuk memberikan perlindungan kepada pihak yang memanfaatkannya. Selain itu juga untuk memberikan batasan pertanggungjawaban atas penggunaan yang tidak sesuai dengan tujuan pembuatannya. Kata kunci: artificial intelligence; bisnis online; pengaturan.
ABSTRACT
The COVID-19 pandemic has an impact on online business activities that are increasingly favored by the public, which is supported by using information technology. Artificial Intelligence (AI) which is part of information technology helps businesses facilitate communication with consumers, which can increase their products marketing. AI that is designed and used to facilitate the human activities in business sectors can help businesses to update every data and information from consumers and making it easier to mapping the behavior of potential consumers. The aim of this article is to show the urgency of regulations governing AI in the business sector that cause misuse of data captured and processed by using AI. The method used is juridical empirical accompanied by a qualitative approach. The data studied are secondary data in the form of writings from experts in the field of information technology and from legal experts, to see how the relationship between information technology in business sector. The result shows that AI must be regulated and supervised by special body in order provide protection to its users. In addition, to provide limits on liability for use that is not in accordance with the purpose for which it was made. Keywords: artificial intelligence; online business; regulation
INDONESIAN ANTI-TRUST RELAXATION: URGENCY FOR IMPLEMENTATION PROVISION AND ITS CORRELATION WITH GOTONG ROYONG PRINCIPLE
Full text linkABSTRACT
During the Covid-19 pandemic, numerous jurisdictions have used Anti-Trust Relaxation, also known as Anti-Trust Immunity (ATI) in the United States, recognized as block exemption, authorization, or dispensation in other jurisdictions. Essentially, this ATI states that collaboration between business actors does not always imply an infringement in competition. There are times when cartels and teamwork can be beneficial to the environment. Many businesses have suffered enormous losses because of the Covid-19 outbreak, and they require assistance and support to survive in this unique scenario. Most likely, survival is only possible when business competitors embrace 'gotong royong' or collaboration. Anti-trust immunity, which allows collaboration-usually defined as cartel in normal situation-will be assessed and authorized accordingly by Business Competition Supervisory Commission (KPPU). Another possibility is to include this ATI in the new bill, which would be even more authoritative. On November 2020, KPPU Regulation No. 3 of 2020 on Competition Relaxation was enacted. However, detailed implementation provision will be required in implementation of the Regulation. Keywords: anti-trust immunity; authorization; block exemption; cartel relaxation; dispensation
KONSEP ASURANSI PENDAFTARAN TANAH DI INDONESIA DAN PERBANDINGANNYA DENGAN NEGARA LAIN
Full text linkABSTRAKDalam sistem pendaftaran tanah positif yang perlu disiapkan oleh pemerintah adalah membentuk lembaga asuransi pendaftaran tanah. Lembaga asuransi pendaftaran tanah diperlukan untuk menjamin kepastian hukum kepemilikan hak atas tanah. Oleh karena itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan konsep asuransi pendaftaran tanah dengan cara melakukan perbandingan dengan negara-negara lain yang sudah menerapkan asuransi pendaftaran tanah. Metode penelitian dilakukan secara yuridis normatif, dengan data sekunder sebagai data utama, dengan didukung data primer. Pemerintah dapat membentuk Badan Usaha Milik Negara (BUMN) yang melakukan usaha dalam bidang asuransi pendaftaran tanah dengan bertugas membayar ganti rugi kepada masyarakat yang memenangkan gugatan dipengadilan atau kepada pemilik hak atas tanah yang dibatalkan kepemilkan hak atas tanahnya berdasarkan putusan pengadilan. Negara membayar premi kepada perusahaan asuransi terhadap setiap hak atas tanah yang sudah didaftarkan. Premi asuransi dibayarkan satu kali setelah terbit sertipikat hak atas tanah sepanjang tanah tersebut tidak dialihkan, sedangkan apabila dilakukan pengalihan hak atas tanah seperti melalui jual beli atau melalui pengalihan lainnya, maka setiap pengalihan hak tanah, pemerintah harus membayarkan kembali premi asuransi kepada perusahaan asuransi pendaftaran tanah. Kata kunci: asuransi; konsep; pendaftaran tanah.
ABSTRACT In a positive land registration system that needs to be prepared by the government is to form a land registration insurance institution. Land registration insurance institutions are needed to ensure legal certainty of ownership of land rights. Therefore, this study aims to obtain the concept of land registration insurance by comparing it with other countries that have implemented land registration insurance. The research method was carried out in a normative juridical manner, with secondary data as the main data, supported by primary data. The government can form a State Owned Enterprise (BUMN) that conducts business in the field of land registration insurance with the task of paying compensation to the community who wins the lawsuit in court or to the owner of land rights whose ownership of land rights has been canceled based on a court decision. The state pays a premium to the insurance company for any registered land rights. The insurance premium is paid once after the issuance of the certificate of land rights as long as the land is not transferred, whereas if the transfer of land rights is carried out such as through buying and selling or through other transfers, then every transfer of land rights, the government must pay back the insurance premium to the land registration insurance company. Keywords: concept; insurance; land registration
THE DIVISION OF INHERITANCE OF ADOPTED CHILDREN IN THE INDIGENOUS PEOPLE OF KAMPUNG NAGA ASSOCIATED WITH ISLAMIC LAW
Full text linkAdoption of a child according to customary law is an act of taking another person's child into his own family in such a way that there is a kinship relationship that is the same as between parents and their own biological children. This research was conducted in Kampung Naga, Tasikmalaya Regency, because the majority of the population adheres to Islam but in all aspects of life including the distribution of inheritance still uses customary law rules. The purpose of this study is to examine the position of the inheritance rights of adopted children based on laws and regulations and the practice of inheritance distribution to adopted children. The research method uses normative juridical which is a juridical analytical research specification which will be processed in a qualitative juridical manner. The position of the adopted child's inheritance, if a court decision is requested, is carried out, a court ruling that will provide legal certainty to the adoptive parents and adopted child as strong evidence that it is true that there has been an adoption of a child. The two systems of adopting children are carried out not explicitly and not in cash, including those carried out in the Kampung Naga Community, Tasikmalaya Regency
COMPARATIVE LEGAL ANALYSIS OF SURROGACY BETWEEN INDONESIA AND INDIA
Full text linkAs a form of assisted reproduction methods, surrogacy remains controversial today. The practice of using surrogates has been around for very long time and serves a wide variety of functions in countries all over the world. The purpose of this research is to ascertain whether or not surrogacy is permissible under the laws that have been enacted and are in effect in Indonesia to govern the processes involved in surrogacy. This research also intends to determine whether or not surrogacy is allowed in India and analyze the legislative framework of that country in comparison to that of Indonesia. The type of research is normative legal research which relies on secondary data, in the form of legal material especially primary and secondary legal materials. This normative legal research employs both statutory and comparative approaches. Comparison is made between Indonesia and India. It is found that India has legalized the practice of surrogacy since long time ago. In addition, surrogacy in India does not only serve the reproductive purpose but also commercial purpose. On the other side, although the practices of surrogacy are also found in Indonesia, however, it remains illegal so far in this country