Antropologi Indonesia
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Aku adalah Perempuan Pesantren: Sebuah Etnografi Biografi
No full textThis paper is based on the reflections of the life experiences of a woman that grew up within the cultures of the Pesantren. At first, this paper was merely for academic purposes that demanded reflective research. Most of the data was collected in a reasonably short amount of time in the last two months of 2010 by relying on life experience memories and enforced by data from results of observations, interviews and personal documents. This research tries to give an overview and becomes a small part of an effort to understanding how a human woman brought up within the cultures of the Pesantren interprets herself as a woman. A woman who deals with various feelings, thoughts, questions, concerns and expectations in between habits and habituations embedded in the existing culture. Although admittedly, this paper does not intend to give a generalization of the Pesantren culture, especially on the ways of how one “grows into a woman” and the social consequences of the female self. Keywords: pesantren, ning, woman, cultur
Gondang di Komunitas Parmalim Batak Toba: Teks, Konteks, dan Aspek Performatif
No full textThis writing is about Gondang music which exists among the Toba Batak Parmalim community of Hutatinggi in the district area of Toba Samosir, North Sumatra province of Indonesia. Content of discussion includes an historical background of the people and knowledge and expressions of Gondang music among Toba Batak people in general and Parmalim community in particular. The performance aspects of Parmalim gondangs, including music ensembles, repertoires and ritual-musical practices, will also be discussed as part of discussion. key words: Teks, Kontekstualisasi, Performatif, Kebudayaan, Ekspresi Makn
(Re)produksi Piil Pesenggiri: Identitas Etnis Lampung dalam Hubungan dengan Pendatang
No full textThis research is based on the mindset that any of heterogeneous in a society, they still could be identified based on the values or symbols that referred to them as an ethnic groups. The problem in this research comes from seeing the issues of Lampung ethnic as an experienced local ethnic domination that increasingly being desperate in their own cultural environment. Ambiguity and vagueness of identity as a local ethnic also reinforced by the attitude of immigrants towards them that affect the relationship between them and if it still left unchecked can potentially lead to conflict. This ethnography research aims to reveal how Lampung ethnic establish their existence of identity through cultural values of Piil Pesenggiri, which upholds the dignity contextually as Lampung identity which carried out in their actions as a strategy of contestation in the immigrant communities. The emergence of a awareness of their identity, reviving Piil Pesenggiri uphold the values of honour in local wisdom become a strategy and a capital that being used when they are dialing with immigrants. In their actualization, the reproduction of Piil Pesenggri still being based on its own basic values such as Pesenggiri, nemui nyimah, nengah nyappor, juluk adok, dan sakai sambayan. Contextually, Piil Pesenggiri become a strategy to manifested their existence as Lampung ethnic and it also used to change the stereotype that immigrants pinned to them with a new value such as (a) changing the work ethic that has been known so low that they are often associated with lazy, less ductile, weak competitiveness, and human resources are still limited; (b) are not stuck with the romance of the past as a landlord; (c) re-interpretation of the titles of nobility (juluk buadek) which has been become the pride and purpose to be achieved in the internal structure so that could be received in the external structure; (d) Piil Pesenggiri become an ethnic identity and politics identity. Piil Pesenggiri is a way of life how ethnic Lampung have to act and behave. For them, Piil Pesenggiri is an identity or reflects the identity so that their existence is recognized and valued in relation to immigrants. In order to confirm their identity as Lampung ethnics, then the actions and strategies they are doing is building a network through the structure of society, also using the idiom of kinship as a strategy to deal with the migrants so that their existence as an ethnic Lampung still got appreciation in accordance with the values of honour that contained in Piil Pesenggiri. Key words: Piil Pesenggiri, Reproduction, Identit
Agama, Kebudayaan, dan Kekuasaan: Catatan Teoritik dari Seorang Salafi
No full textTheoretical shifts in anthropological studies in recent decades has given way to renewed recognition of looking at issues of identity, namely that the sociall life, the arena in which the identity plays in, must be fundamentally understood as negotiating meanings. This is where Clifford Geertz’s interpretative approach becomes important yet problematic. Important because Geertz offers a humanistic approach which examines how meanings and symbols become important in the view of the community itself. Therefore, he argues, cultural interpretation requires a more in-depth analysis, also more intelligent and complex in which its purposes and those complexed cultural forms that can not simply be reduced to the effects on the social engines and organisms as claimed by structuralist and functionalist scholars before him. At the same time, it is also problematic because of Geertz’s position that searches for meaning makes him seem neglective or underestimative of the process of how interaction – the arena of where meanings work – is produced. In this case, Geertz’s critics have “helped” by reminding him of what is power relations and agency. Refering to the conception of Sherry Ortner, the author argues that through the agency there is a way to see this debate from the mid. The side which is not for eliminating the significant influence of Geertz is also not to ignore the significance of the critics’ arguments, but to bridge the two (meaning and power relations). Efforts in connecting this theory through the concept of agency consequently will include the significance of one party, at the same time improve its insignificance through the criticism of others and vice versa. Keyword: power relations, meanings, culture, religion, identity, agenc
Otoetnografi: Mempelajari Kasus Pribadi Peneliti
No full textEthnographic research is very close to case studies. Throughout its development, views and ways of doing ethnography experienced change. At first ethnography was merely describing ethnic groups as a case study which is done by making a detailed and objective description. In more recent time it became a description on a community which holds within it records of the researcher’s subjective experiences while searching for data in the field. There is a realization that cases that are presented through ethnography is by the researcher’s choice whether intentionally or not, even through compromise with an informant. The ethnography’s representational issues became stronger. Besides the realization of representation and authority in describing a community, discussions on modern-day ethnography is also filled with chosen cases that are more personal. Some experts offer the possibility of autoethnography as a choice in writing an ethnography. For the advocates, ethnography is able to bring up cases that have not been exposed by researchers from beyond the analyzed community. Autoethnography has become a way of articulating descriptions of the marginalized community. In the context of Indonesia, I see that autoethnography can be used as an offer towards the birth of claims of Indonesian anthropology. Keywords: autoethnography, case, representation, metho
Etnografi Diri: "Mengada dengan dan untuk yang Liyan"
No full textThis paper is an autoethnographic exploration which would like to show that culture is always in the process of constructing those that are present in various track events. Through the exposure of various stages of life and moments of encounters with Others, the author wants to confirm his argument on how culture is an arena of discourses that is continually constructed, in which also involves power relations between Self and Others. Using Abu Lughod’s approach and several contributions from philosophical thinking, the author would like to state that the theoretical journey and life trajectory is a continuity which shows the fundamental argument, that culture is an arena of contestation that is based on power relations between the self and the Other. Keywords: construction, culture, Self, Other, discourse, contestatio
Problema Sosial, Pandangan Hidup dan Konsep Kebudayaan
No full textThis paper reviews various social issues in the trajectory of the author’s life to connect the concept of the view of life and theoretic issues on culture. Through methodological reflections, the author presents various issues which are being constantly discussed in the public mass media about religion, cultural icons as well as daily practices which become entry points to see cultural diversity as well as changes that can be found in the trajectory of life. The author argues that the individual is active in formulating the culture even though it cannot be denied that it can only be articulated through culture as a network of meanings as agreed by the aggregate of individuals or groups. Keywords: social problems, cultural make up, culture, view of lif
Contestation, Negotation and Culture in the Reconstruction of Riau's Identity
No full textThis paper explained the issue of inequality which appears in the process of democratization through the analysis of contestation, negotiation, and the reconstruction of Riau’s identity. Ideally, democratic principles respect equality; however, identity expresses inequality because it defines who is dominant and subordinate in a certain social group through ethnic category and gender identity. It separates the insiders and outsiders with different rights through cultural idioms. Moreover, the identity is not merely applied in the private domain, but also in the public sphere. This paper resulted from research conducted in Riau Province in a periode of decentralization process. The findings shown that In daily practice the collective sentiments manifested in the notion of “Putra Daerah” may create problems, as this notion is not only used as a social category to define collective boundaries, but also as a strategic tool to control access to political and economic power in Riau. Quoting Worsley, Cultural traits are not absolute or simply intellectual categories, but are invoked to provide identities which legitimize claims to rights. They are strategies or weapons in competitions over scarce social goods Worsley (1994). Keyword: contestation, reconstruction of identity, woman perspective, decentralizatio
Di Balik Panggung Reforma Agraria: Perjuangan Tersembunyi Perempuan Tani
No full textWomen often considered as ‘non-actor’ in the struggle to get access to land and its utilization. The lack of peasant women’s role in the land reform can be seen as cultural limitation of the land tenure system which based on men’s perspective. Though peasant women seem invisible in the land reform struggle, they are actively making choices and decisions from ‘behind the stage’ particularly in relation to their own land cultivation. Activating their multiple identities –e.g. as women abandoned by their husbands and have to meet family needs– peasant women are able to build relationships with parties that can help them to solve their problems and achieve their objectives. This study was conducted in Blitar of East Java in March 2005. In this study, women refer to peasant women who economically abandoned by their husband and elderly widows
Ruh Tanpa Tubuh, Tubuh Tanpa Ruh: Keterangan tentang Mati di Antara Universalisme Filsafati dan Partikularisme Antropologis
No full textDeath can be understood merely as a transition from one life to the next or simply as an end of life. These two conceptions are established due to our lack in knowledge about what will happen to us after we die. In order to make any sense, both conceptions require an understanding of death (and also life) as individual matter, that the only death (and life) I experienced is always my own. Nevertheless, in the first conception death does not exterminate one’s self, while in the second conception death exterminate one’s self. However, nonexistence of any access to the first-person death experiences causes our understanding about death is always constructed from third-person point of view—in this case, live person’s point of view. As the result, we see that death also brings ontological transformation regarding to one’s corporeal body and identity. As endeavors to undertand what death is, there are tendencies to bring these conceptualizations of death to such philosophical universalism or anthropological particularism. This paper suggests that explanations about death must explain this event without strictly take one of these tendencies. Keywords: death, death as transition, death as denouement, transformation of corporeal body, transformation of personal identit