Antropologi Indonesia
Not a member yet
571 research outputs found
Sort by
Unsur[e] Kaligrafi: On Aceh, Islamic Art, and the Terrain of Indonesian Multiculturalism
No full textTulisan ini melukiskan beberapa kecemasan yang menimpa pelukis Aceh, A.D. Pirous dan publik yang dibayangkannya, menjelang pameran besar - yang dimaksudkan sebagai sebuah retrospeksi - pada bulan Maret 2002, di Galeri Nasional, Jakarta. Kecemasan ini berakar dalam beragam bahasa, ortografi dan wacana yang belum baku. Keadaan 'goyah' ini tampak ketika 'Kesenian Islam Indonesia Kontemporer' dipertunjukkan, dipromosikan, dan didiskusikan secara publik. Ini semua berpuncak pada dorongan akan sensor terhadap diri sendiri dan pada berbagai perubahan yang dilakukan pada menit terakhir pada lukisan-lukisan,katalog, dan kaos oblong untuk promosi, dan pada catatan-catatan etnografis yang disusun penulis, tentang karier pelukis. Jelas bahwa perilaku seperti ini merupakan bahagian budaya politik yang memungkinkan bertemunya Islam, Indonesia, Arab, Aceh dan seni itu sendiri dalam publik kesenian Islam kontemporer di Jakarta, dan sekaligus juga menjadi respons terhadap negara dan terhadap kekerasan gerakan separatis di Aceh. Dalam semua ini akan tampak jangkauan global dari kebudayaan visual Islam dan sirkulasinya dalam dan melalui bahasa publik negara Indonesia
Cultural Studies’ Significant Others: The Case of Indonesia
No full textKajian kebudayaan dan aliran ilmu sosial dan humaniora konvensional sering digambarkan secara negatif. Dalam artikel ini, penulis membahas suatu paradok. Meski tidak bisa disebut sebagai 'syarat', tradisi kuat dalam ilmu sosial dan humaniora merupakan dasar terbentuknya dan berkembangnya kajian kebudayaan, dan sekaligus menjadi pengkritik utama kajian kebudayaan itu sendiri. Disiplin-disiplin ilmu konvensional tersebut merupakan pihak lainyang signifikan bagi kajian ini; mitra yang menantang dan sekaligus berlawanan yang membantu. Untuk menunjukkan pentingnya paradok tersebut di Indonesia, penulis menggarisbawahi kekhasan yang muncul saat melakukan kajian kebudayaan di Indonesia dibandingkan di "Barat". Penulis juga mengidentifikasi bidang-bidang khusus di mana kajian ini di Indonesia dapat memberikan sumbangan berarti pada usaha-usaha intelektual sejenisnya. Seraya menunggu istilah yang lebih pas, kajian ini memusatkan perhatian pada isu-isu kekerasan politik secara nasional, kaitan politik dan agama yang semakin erat, dan pertumbuhan generasi baru budaya populer yang pesat. Key words: Intellectual legacy; Indonesia's universities; multidisciplinary; Indonesia's pop culture. 
Description of Arab Saints in the 19-20th Century Southeast Asia: A Case of Taj Al-A‘Ras
No full textSalah satu masalah yang berkaitan dengan penyebaran Islam, baik di dalam maupun diluar Timur Tengah, adalah peranan tokoh kharismatik. Di dalam karya-karya sastera, mereka digambarkan sebagai "orang suci" atau "wali" dan cerita-cerita mengenai kehidupan mereka seringkali berisikan kisah-kisah tentang keajaiban. Bagi masyarakat Arab di Asia Tenggara, prestasi tokoh-tokoh semacam itu memainkan peranan penting di dalam pembentukan identitas mereka, karena mereka bangga menjadi keturunan mereka yang berasal dari Jazirah Arabia dan menyebarkan pengetahuan tentang Islam di kalangan orang-orang tempat mereka tinggal. Arikel ini mencoba untuk menganalisis lingkup kekuasaan orang-orang suci Arab pada abad 19-20 dengan mendiskusikan cara mereka dipresentasikan dalam literatur-literatur bio-hagiography yang disebut manaqib. Sumber utama untuk diskusi adalah sebuah buku berjudul Taj al-A'ras (mahkota/puncak perkawinan), sebuah manaqib Arab yang terbit diIndonesia pada tahun 1970. Dalam diskusi, penulis memfokuskan pada hubungan antara orang-orang suci migran Arab di Asia Tenggara (kebanyakan dari mereka berasal dari sebuah wilayah Arabia Selatan Hadramawt) dan penguasa di masyarakat tempat mereka tinggal. Pertama-tama, anekdot tentang keajaiban yang digunakan orang-orang suci Arab untuk membantu atau untuk menentang penguasa disajikan dan hubungan kemanusiaan di antara para karakter di dalam cerita dianalisis. Kemudian, cerita-cerita dibandingkan dengan riwayat kehidupan tokoh-tokoh Arab terkemuka yang bukan merupakan orang suci pada periode yang sama, dan dengan orang-orang suci di Hadramawt. Proses ini akan menunjukkan kekuasaan orang-orang suci Arab di masyarakat-masyarakat tempat mereka tinggal. Kata kunci: migran Arab; Asia Tenggara; manaqib; kekuasaan. 
Kekuasaan Jawa: Pandangan Elit Kraton Surakarta dan Yogyakarta
No full textDuring the Javanese historical development since the First Mataram Empire until today, Javanese cultural concepts as cultural syncretism of early Hindu-Buddhism, latter Hindu-Buddhism and Islam tends to be preserved. In its contact with later concepts from the west, such as formal education, modern politics and the entrance of various ideologies such as nationalism, capitalism, socialism, democracy and so on, has not negated those Javanese cultures. The main problem posed in this article is as follow: to what extent Javanese value of political power has been embraced by elites from Surakarta and Yogyakarta palaces. Whether their values are still strong or has it been diminished. Results reached in this research are: (1) Dominant perception of the elite, shows that their understanding of Javanese political power is still strong. They still strongly embraced the palace tradition and fully involved in all palace's rituals; (2) Western cultural penetration has not able to negate the strong rooted Javanese culture from these palace's elites. Their spirits are still bound to the Javanese culture which surrounded their palace; (3) Javanese sense of political power will play important role when it is positioned as spiritual power to those "njawani" rulers. Key words: Javanese culture; power; political elite; cultural traditions. 
Some Notes on Clifford Geertz’s Interpretive Anthropology
No full textSalah satu persoalan dalam filsafat ilmu sosial adalah bagaimana menjelaskan (explain) tindakan-tindakan manusia yang beranekaragam secara ilmiah. Apakah kita dapat menerapkan metode-metode ilmu alam atau ada cara lain yang lebih tepat untuk menjelaskannya? Para ilmuwan sosial masih terus berupaya menemukan the best way untuk menjelaskan gejala-gejala sosial meskipun mereka tetap belum puas. Thomas Kuhn berpendapat bahwa ilmu sosial-tidak seperti ilmu alam-masih terlibat dalam diskusi metodologi yang tidak habis-habisnya karena belum mampu mencapai suatu kesepakatan mengenai paradigma-paradigma umum untuk membatasi masalah-masalah dan prosedur penelitian. Artikel ini berusaha mendiskusikan pandangan interpretive dari Clifford Geertz dalam mengkaji kebudayaan dan masyarakat serta kedudukannya dalam konstelasi metodologi ilmu sosial. Ada dua alasan mengapa perlu mendiskusikan masalah ini: (1) pandangan interpretive terhadap gejala-gejala sosial merupakan perkembangan penting dalam ilmu sosial selama dua dasawarsa; (2) C. Geertz yang banyak dipengaruhi teori sistem Talcott Parsons telah mengembangkan gagasan yang kaya dan luar biasa tentang bagaimana melihat dan menganalisis kebudayaan dan masyarakat. Perhatiannya tidak hanya pada masalah antropologi tetapi juga pada ilmu sosial umumnya. Kata kunci: intrepretivisme; "thick description"; anti ekonomisme; anti reduksionisme. 
Pendekatan Prosesual: Menjawab Tantangan dalam Mengkaji Dinamika Budaya
No full textNon-processual approaches in anthropology have been heavily criticized for not providing an adequate framework for explaining the emergence of socio-cultural phenomena, and the processes and mechanisms of change. Socio-cultural life is undeniably dynamic and everchanging. In facing this matter many anthropologists have turned to a processual approach in studying the dynamics of culture in the last two decades. In this article the author shows how the a processual approach is applied to the study of cultural dynamics. The author begins by discussing the unit of analysis and focus of study in a processual approach. Following that, she discusses the implication of this upon the methods and strategies for uncovering, describing and explaining change. The author also shows how this approach can uncover the heterogeneous nature of a socio-cultural phenomenon and the extent to which that heterogeneity allows change to occur. Her arguments are based upon empirical cases of knowledge transmission and formation among farmers in several locations on the north coast of West Java and Central Lampung. Key words: change and continuity; variation and conformity; research strategy. 
The Ritual of Khanduri Bungong Kayèe (An Ethnographic Study in West Labuhan Haji-South Aceh)
No full textThe khanduri of the tree blossom is performed in Jumadil Akhir (the sixth Islamic lunar month). The khanduri is held for fruit-bearing trees. It aim is tu ensure that the trees will bear fruit andtheir blossoms will not fade and fall onto the round prematurely, thatthey will not be attackedby pests so that they will contribute to the livelihood of human beings. This research is a fieldresearch and its data were obtained through meticulous observation and in depth interview withkey informants. The result of the research shows that it is the winds that cause the trees to blossom. The village people performed this ritual in order that the condition of fertility of fruit-bearing trees is safeguarded but the fertility is dependent upon much more important factorrs than just the willingess of the individual family to perform the ritual. The fertility of the tree is dependent upon collective village performance, dependent upon respecting jinn, dependent upon just leadership and dependent upon adat, particularly regarding probihition adn incest which are regarded as a major infringement on community life.Key words: ritual of khanduri bungong kayèe, the influence of seasons and winds as well ascondition of fertility of fruit-bearing tree
Petani dan Pedagang: Perubahan Ekonomi dan Agama di Buton
No full textThis article examines a dispute over proper religious practice in an all-Muslim village in Buton, Southeast Sulawesi. Traditionalists and modernists disagree over whether agricultural ceremonies involving offerings for territorial spirits should be allowed to continue. Local views on this dispute are explored with reference to the historical context of religious practice in the village, and processes of social change over the past several generations. It is argued that key social, political and economic dynamics which are relevant to the current religious dispute include the decline of agriculture in the village, the eclipsing of the Butonese Sultanate and integration into the Indonesian state, and new patterns of mobility whereby many villagers have become migrants to urban centers in eastern Indonesia. Thus it traces how processes of the increasing penetration of capitalism, the decline of traditional authority, and new patterns of mobility have played out in this particular village in the context of a dispute over religious practice. Key words: Islam, trade, Buton, Indonesia, agriculture, religion, migratio
Ekshibisi, Kekuasaan, dan Identitas: Tafsir atas Politik Representasi Tiga Museum di Yogyakarta
No full textThis article will clarify political representation of exhibition at Ullèn Sentalu Museum, Monumen Jogja Kembali, and Affandi Museum. These three museums are considered as proponent of Yogyakarta’s identity as the central of Javanese culture, struggle city, and the barometer of Indonesian fine art. The issue then, is it true that in the exhibitions’ at the three museums are appropriate with the identity of Yogyakarta, or in the contrary, the exhibitions have no correlation with this city’s identity discourse. There is a possibility that museum precisely bringing self-interest for specific purposes. Therefore, this paper needs to observe how the exhibitions at these museums were implemented. Through interpretive approach, the exhibition at the museum may be analogous similar with language phenomenon, and hence museum is considered as text that can be read and interpreted. Exhibition at the museum was developed within framework of thoughts (ideology), motives, and specific discourses, which all of these are articulated through a set of symbols (collection), that arranged with special layout procedure (display procedure). Thus, museum becomes ‘political’ since, in this perspective, museum has power over the formation of discourse through their exhibition. Keywords: museum critics, museum politics, political representation, hermeneutic anthropology, display interpretation
Handphone XXX: Video 3GP dan Moralitas
No full textThis article examines the development of cell phone technology in relation to the cultural practices, in particular the practice of making 3GP sex videos and how public responses to the spread of such video into the public domain. People who recorded their sexual activities mostly admitted that they did it spontaneously or just for fun. The majority of people who recorded their sexual activities aimed not to distribute the video. In addition, those recordings are generally not meant for commercial use, which differentiate them from porn movies. For both men and women making a 3GP video brings unique sensations and new experiences with it. Furthermore, 3GP video can be creative experiment that involves bodies and technology, a way of self-knowledge and self-reflection, and an expression of affection. Public reaction to 3GP video files which widely spread is usually negative. These videos were considered violating moral values as well as criminal acts. Most accusations are directed to the young people which allegedly having moral decadence and misused the technology. Injustice is found in the responses and the repressive attitudes given by certain individuals or institutions who feel they have the authority to judge people involved in 3GP video recording. Keywords: cell phone, sexuality, morality, and moral panic