Antropologi Indonesia
Not a member yet
571 research outputs found
Sort by
Merevitalisasi Tradisi: Mengadopsi Desa Adat di Bali sebagai Unit Perancangan Kota
No full textUrban design projects aim at achieving better environments in the sense that they are supportive of the culture of the inhabitants. Careful consideration of socio-cultural aspects of a space is a precursor to approach this goal. The existence of traditional settlements (i.e. desa adat) as spatio-cultural units in a Balinese setting has never been accommodated in the contemporary projects of urban spatial design. In this respect, the opportunity to achieve supportive environments is certainly become remote. Long known for the extensive traditional and religious role it has played in the life of the Balinese, the desa adat is central to that culture. Essentially, this unit is cosmologically independent and socio-religiously meaningful, and thus needs to be treated accordingly in a socio spatial manipulation process. With regard to the spatial design of the Balinese space, this cosmological unit (Geertz 1959, 1980) determines land use, street layout, location of settlement's elements, and the like (Parimin 1985; Samadhi 2001).This paper aims to explore the existence of desa adat as a Balinese cultural institution, and argues for its utilization as an urban design unit. Ultimately, it tries to promote multiculturalism and pluralism in the urban design as a socio-spatial process in the Indonesian planning system
Murid Pri dan Nonpri pada Sekolah Pembauran: Kebijakan Asimilasi Orde Baru di Bidang Pendidikan dan Dampaknya terhadap Masyarakat Multikultural
No full textThis paper is written based on the author's research on the policy of Chinese assimilation in two types of high school in Medan (1985-1986). Based on education policy issued in 1975,Indonesian students of Chinese descent are brought to contact with 'local students' to absorb so-called National culture through assimilation in schools. The author specifies two models of assimilation school, one is public schools, and the other is private schools with certain religious affiliations. There are seven indicators to measure successful assimilation (cultural, structural, amalgamations, identification, attitude, behaviour, and civic education) which show that the overall success of the assimilation agenda is still open to question if not unexpected. However, the author remarks that surprisingly, the assimilation process seems to have met with greater success in religious schools rather than public schools and he also critically points out that the basic assumption of assimilation is misleading and does not support the enrichment of a multicultural society
Islam Kangean
No full textThis article is about Kangean's Islam. Islamic faith is present in cultural and historical society. Religion is interpreted and analyzed based on the cultural context of society. Therefore, there is a process of dialectics in religion as text and society as context. This process produces Islam which is different in different contexts. This article presents anthropological analysis and not theological analysis. Kangean Island has a culture which is different from Javanese, Bawean, and Maduranese culture. The religious faith is analyzed in the context of Kangean culture which results in Kangean's Islam. Kangean Island is shown in the ritual, numerology, belief in spirit, and poer of religious magic. In fact, Kangean's Islam responds variably to the various aspects mentioned above
Eastern Indonesian Women on the Move: Domestic Work in Global Cities
No full textTerpacu oleh krisis moneter di Indonesia, sejumlah perempuan merantau menjadi pembantu rumah tangga di negeri orang. Pendapatan yang relatif tinggi sebagai pembantu (Tenaga Kerja Wanita/TKW) di negara asing selain tentunya menopang pendapatan keluarga, juga membantu neraca perdagangan negara. TKW secara umum mencerminkan hubungan berbagai lintasan hirarkis antarkelas, lokalitas/suku bangsa dan gender. Studi lapangan tentang mobilitas TKW yang berasal dari Nusa Tenggara Timur ini menunjukkan bahwa menjadi TKW merupakan salah satu strategi mobilitas perempuan dalam menempatkan diri pada alur hubungan kekuasaan. Dengan menggunakan studi kasus, studi ini bermaksud menguak dan memahami lebih jauh keadaan dan proses mobilitas TKW. Terminologi lokal 'langgar laut' dipakai sebagai konsep analitik untuk mendalami perpindahan fisik dan metaforik yang dialami dan dipilih para perempuan untuk mencapai jajaran hubungan sosial yang diinginkannya
Crafting Place: Globalization and the Handicrafts Market of Tegallalang
No full textTulisan ini membahas pengaruh pasar kerajinan tangan terhadap sebuah komunitas kecil di Bali Selatan. Sejak pertengahan tahun 1980an, Tegallalang telah menjadi daerah tujuan yang populer bagi para pembeli asing yang mencari kerajinan dan furnitur Bali untuk pasar global. Para seniman dan pemilik toko di Tegallalang telah memperluas dan melakukan diversifikasi komoditi, mulai dari topeng Bali, dijereedoo Aborigin Australia, furnitur Timor, seni rakyat Amish sampai furnitur Maroko. Dengan demikian, industri kerajinan tangan menciptakan sebuah tempat baru bagi pemilik toko, seniman dan buruh seni untuk mengimajinasikan 'kebudayaan-kebudayaan' lain sekalipun mereka tidak atau sedikit sekali mengalami kontak langsung. Para pembeli dari Barat melihat seni etnis atas sifat 'otentik'. Namun, di tempat-tempat seperti Tegallalang apakah para seniman dan penjual melihat hubungan antara obyek dan tempat asal barang seni dengan cara yang sama seperti halnya konsumen dari Barat? Tulisan ini menyajikan wacana estetika dan budaya di kalangan seniman dan pemilik toko yang melihat gagasan kebudayaan lainnya (the others)
Land of the Sacred, Land of the Damned: Conceptualizing Homeland among the Upholders of the Thariqah ‘Alawiyyah in Indonesia
No full textTulisan ini mengkaji rihlah (catatan perjalanan) dalam tradisi Thariqah Alawiyyah dalam kaitannya dengan kisah migrasi kaum Hadrami di Indonesia. Bagian pertama tulisan ini mengenai ajaran-ajaran Thariqah tentang migrasi. Bagian kedua membahas pembentukan identitas dan konseptualisasi tentang "kampung halaman" di kalangan pengikut Thariqah pada masa kolonial. Bagian terakhir menyoroti rihlah sebagai sebuah sumber bagi penelusuran konseptualisasi "kampung halaman" setelah kemerdekaan Indonesia. Dengan membaca rihlah secara khusus tentang kisah migrasi, kita dapat mengetahui peralihan gagasan "kampong halaman" diantara pengikut-pengikut Thariqah di Indonesia. Oleh karena itu, konseptualisasi "kampung halaman" tidak dapat dipisahkan dari ajaran Thariqah dan konteks sosio-politik. Kata kunci: konstruksi identitas; migrasi; analisis tekstual; migran Hadramaut. 
Bekerja Bersama Berperan Setara: Kemitraan dalam Penanggulangan Abrasi di Desa Paojepe Kabupaten Wajo Propinsi Sulawesi Selatan
No full textThe environmental degradation was a major problem for people who living in the coastal area of Paojepe village. Some previous efforts to address this problem were not successful due to top-down approach and lack of community participation. Learning from the experience, a partnership between University of Indonesia, an NGO, and local community was established to address coastal abrasion by replanting mangrove. Local institutions such as kinship relations and patron-client relationship (Punggawa-Sawi) were functioned as capital in implementing the program. Awareness rising on coastal rehabilitation through local institutions can encourage people to undertake mangrove conservation. Key words: social capital; stakeholders; 'Punggawa-Sawi'. 
Kajian Antropologi tentang Globalisasi: Catatan tentang Studi-studi Keterkaitan Dunia
No full text"Lewat globalisasi, keterkaitan antara manusia dan tempat meningkat, dan manusia yang sebelumnya tidak pernah saling jumpa sekarang berkesempatan untuk menjalin kontak. Meskipun kita dapat melihat globalisasi terjadidi mana-mana, proses globalisasi sebenarnya tidak terdistribusi secara merata. Sebagian orang, hampir tidak pernah pindah dari satu tempat ke tempat lain yang berbeda dari tempat mereka lahir dan mati, dan banyak lagi yang tidak berpartisipasi secara aktif dalam seluruh pola konsumsi, birokrasi, atau informasi yang merupakan karakteristik dari globalisasi. Namun, setiap orang pada tingkatan tertentu terlibat dalam suatu bentuk sirkulasi yang baru. Globalisasi telah merubah dunia dimana kitasemua hidup.
Momok Ketimpangan: Waktu, Sejarah, Antropologi & Modernitas
No full textThis article critically observes the modern regime of time that led to the temporalizing of history. The employment of the master category of singular modernity encompasses its capacity for unifying all singularities, hence, betraying capitalism's and nation states' desire to transform plural histories into a single one. Anthropology too has been responsible for the production and maintenance of the temporal order of modernity. While capitalist and national expansions would use violent means to spatially establish themselves by destroying alternative modes of production and body politics, anthropology manipulates time with various devices of sequencing and distancing thereby assigning the conquered into the past. This article suggests that anthropology should no longer align itself with modernity and its notion of human progress. Rather, it should play out disqualified forms of interpretations, rescuing the multiple temporalities at work in the world, to blast the continuum of history. Key words: Time, History, Anthropology & Modernity 
Adat in Maluku: New Value or Old Exclusions?
No full textThe religious-ethnic violence in Maluku has unearthed a complex network of rivalries, inequalities and rhetoric. Opinions as to the causes of the conflict, and possible avenues for reconciliation are extremely diverse, and reflect many of the tensions and challenges faced by Indonesia as a whole, as it moves towards decentralization. One of the elements of Maluku society that has proved to be controversial in this context is tradition or adat. This paper explores some current perspectives on the role of adat in Maluku, and its potential for social transformation. Does a situation as extreme as that in Maluku itself encourages radical transformation and creative solutions for rebuilding civil society, or does it simply further entrench existing prejudice and power relations? How will regional autonomy influence this? What relation do these questions have to other reconciliation initiatives? The paper does not attempt to draw far-reaching conclusions about the future role of adat in Maluku society, but simply indicates some of the questions to be asked and answered in the years ahead. It provides examples of past activities, current perspectives, and future possibilities. It is hoped that these questions will contribute to an already lively debate at the local level