Antropologi Indonesia
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Pergeseran Orientasi Nilai Kultural dan Keagamaan di Indonesia (Sebuah Esai dalam Rangka Mengenang Almarhum Prof. Koentjaraningrat)
No full textThis article is dedicated to the late Prof. Koentjaraningrat. It attempts to trace the history and the source of a concept and method used by Koentjaraningrat in a research and many of his speeches in the period of 1960-70s. The concept is called 'orientasi nilai-budaya'. The author finds that the concept was borrowed from the concept 'value orientation' used by Florence Kluckhohn and Fred Strodbeck, which was printed in their book, Variations in Value Orientation (1961). The concept 'value orientation' was originally stems from the concept 'value', which was once developed by Clyde Kluckhohn, the husband of Florence Kluckhohn, at Harvard University USA. This explanation, according to the author, is important for the student of anthropology in Indonesia. In the final of the article, the author attempts to apply the concept to the socio-cultural changes in contemporary Indonesia, particularly among the members of Islamic community. Key words: value orientation; value; socio-cultural changes. 
Karakteristik Anak Jalanan dan Bentuk-Bentuk Kekerasan terhadap Anak Jalanan di Kota Padang Provinsi Sumatera Barat
No full textProtection issues of children's rights in Indonesia has not received sufficient attention. Law4 of 1979 concerning child welfare, and No. 23 of 2002 on the protection of children. Children'srights, such as the right to life, the right to protection from the threats to her own safety, the right to equality in education, employment, health, the right to employment, the right to meet the needs of food, clothing and shelter. Quantitatively, the number of street children in the city of Padang in the last ten years has increased. This research provides in-depth information about the various forms of violence experienced by street children in the city of Padang. This study was conducted in five point activity gathering place and street children in the city of Padang.The study found that violence to street children and some factors which it caused the violence.Demoralization among street children is a reaction to a situation that is very limited and therigors of life on the streets. It is difficult to make strict limits on the morality of the group of street children. All forms of violence experienced by children and street, is a phenomenological reality for street children and a variety of social interactions that occur among street children in it loaded with a cargo of reciprocity, and can be seen as a form of social safety networks.Keywords: Street children, violence and abuse, social protectio
Keluarga dan Rumah Tangga: Satuan Penelitian dalam Perubahan Masyarakat
No full textFamily and household are two concepts that have been blended into a single notion in most of the texts on kinship and social organization in the past, because, in many instances, they have interchangeably functions in many developed societies in which nuclear family type is the main reference. But, this situation is much different if we approach our developing societies-with special emphasis, urban-in terms of vastly and hardly social and economic changes. This article proposes to distinguish family and household concepts for analytical purposes. Household in its flexible form provides more promising space for dynamic anthropological research, especially in our society than the classical family concept. Selecting household as a common focus for anthropological research and analysis has both practical and theoretical justifications
Orang Baduy di Banten Selatan: Manusia Air Pemelihara Sungai
No full textThe presence of the Baduy people in Mount Kendeng in southern Banten was, in keeping with the order of Pajajaran Kingdom, to manage the continuity of the flow of the river from the upper course to the lower. At that time, the river-stream played an important role in agriculture, besides being a means of trading and transportation at the lower-course region of Banten. The Baduy had the role of guarding the equilibrium at the upper course region, and maintain the economic development of the Pajajaran Kingdom. The Baduy who live around the upper course of the river are not allowed, traditionally, 'teu wasa', to disturb the ecosystem, such as to exploit the rice fields or to dig the soil for agricultural activities. They use the expression:...gunung teu meunang dilebur, lebak teu meunang diruksak, mountains are not to be destroyed, valleys are not to be destructed, if it is disobeyed there will be great disaster upon human life. In carrying out the kingdom's orders, they are supported by a certain hierarchic and complex political system, even though they are egalitarian and keep a firm social solidarity. The stratified system of defense was bound by the tangtu tilu 'the three core of leadership'. It is also called ka-puun-an ideology systems which are located at three villages: Cikeusik, Cibeo, and Cikertawana under the guidance of moral, ethics, and rules which are stated in the values of Sunda Wiwitan religion
Mitos Orang Kalah: Orang Laut dan Pola Pemukimannya
No full textIn this article, the author argues for the inappropriateness of the government's policy and approach in its efforts to 'develop' the indigenous people who have been categorized as 'masyarakat terasing'. Through his analysis on the program of Pembinaan Kesejahteraan Masyarakat Terasing (PKMT), the author assumes that the program has failed. He examines the failure by looking closely at the livelihood of Orang Laut in Indragiri Hilir, the fishermen, who used to live collectively along the seashore and spend most of their time in boats. They refused to stay in the resettlement village which was provided by the government who did not base its program on the social-cultural-economic reality
Makna Modernitas bagi Seniman Seni Rupa Modern Indonesia
No full textIn this article, the author assumes that the clear-cut distinction between modern and traditional arts is merely a form of scientific construction which needs to be re-examined. The political, social and cultural problems underlying the development of modern art, in particular in developing countries are quite different from those in Euro-American countries. Therefore, the artistic expressions are also different and cannot be analyzed in terms of aesthetical standard as developed in the West. The author provides evidences that the modern art in Indonesia has its own discourse. An intensive dialogue' between the traditional and the modern elements is going on. Three cases drawn from three artists are discussed in this article as the example of the ongoing dialogue
Border Studies beyond Indonesia: A Comparative Perspective
No full textTulisan ini menyajikan sebuah perspektif bersifat komparatif mengenai kajian kawasan perbatasan di dunia, khususnya di Afrika dan Amerika bagian barat-laut. Dalam konteks, perbandingan yang lebih luas itulah, kajian tentang kawasan perbatasan di Kalimantan ini diulas. Tulisan ini mengetengahkan definisi mengenai perbatasan; fungsinya secara sosial, ekonomis, dan politik; serta dampaknya bagi masyarakat-masyarakat yang mengalami pemisahan oleh batas negara. Tulisan ini juga mengupas konteks pengkajian masalah perbatasan dan cara 'perbatasan' diklasifikasi dengan fokus pada aspek interaksi internasional, konflik, akomodasi, dan keterpisahan perbatasan dengan komuniti-komuniti penghuninya
Mobility of People and Goods across the Border of West Kalimantan and Sarawak
No full textSince the formal opening of the Border Crossing Inspection Posts (Pos Pemeriksaan Lintas Batas-PPLB) in Entikong West Kalimantan and Tebedu Sarawak, mobility of people and goods between West Kalimantan and Sarawak has increased significantly. This paper discusses the nature of mobility of goods and people between the two neighboring regions. Mobility of cars and labour is also discussed since mobility of cars affects mobility of people and goods while mobility of labour is an important part of mobility of people. The data show that the number of goods and people, which are out from the Entikong Post, is always greater than the number of goods and people, which enters to the Entikong Post. It is finally predicted, that economic benefits gained by West Kalimantan due to the Entikong Post, will be difficult to sustain in the future era of free trade. Especially if the government at the border districts does not enhance the capability of people to compete with foreign labour as well as foreign products
Antara Desa dan Marga: Pemilihan Struktur pada Perilaku Elit Lokal di Kabupaten Lahat, Sumatera Selatan
No full textIn this article I discuss the impact of Village Law No.5, 1979 on the social actions of local elites. Using a case study of a traditional community (marga) located in Lahat, South Sumatera, I argue that Village Law No.5, 1979 did not marginalize tradition or the traditional community. At a practical or behavioral level, actors, in this case local elites used both tradition and Village Law as references for their actions. However, these two structures, tradition and Village Law were subject to selection. The selection was based on the actors understanding about particular context and the goal(s) of their actions. When tradition offered efficient means for achieving their goals, they selected tradition as a reference point for their behavior. In another context, when they saw that the Village Law offered more to suit their interest, they referred to it. It was also possible that, in a particular context, actors used and ignored the existence of some elements of both structures. In conclusion, I suggest that despite the fact that the application of the Village Law should have been understood to replace the traditional system of marga, people still used it as reference for their actions. Therefore, it would be misleading to say that Village Law has marginalized the traditional social organization
Translation and Authenticity in Mentawaian Activism
No full textSaat ini banyak penduduk asli di Indonesia, termasuk Mentawai, yang sangat kritis terhadap kebijakan pemerintah tentang masalah kebuayaan. Mereka juga menuntut kebebasan dan hak-hak yang lebih besar dasar perolehan sumber daya alamnya sendiri. Bagi sebagaian penduduk asli Indonesia, hal ini menandai suatu fase yang baru dalam perkembangan sejarahnya, karena sebelumnya mereka tidak pernah terlibat dalam jenis kegiatan semacam itu sebagai suatu kelompok...[...] Pertanyaan lain yangmenarik untuk dikaji ialah apakah dan bagaimanakah Negara Indonesia akan mempertahankan posisinya yang terancam oleh ikatan yang semakin kuat antara komuniti-komuniti penduduk asli dan pola-pola normatif international? Tulisan isi mengkaji posisi penduduk Mentawai dalam kerangka Negara Indonesia saat ini dalam konteks permasalahan di atas.