Antropologi Indonesia
Not a member yet
571 research outputs found
Sort by
Indonesian Women, Reproductive Rights and Islam
No full textTulisan ini membahas hubungan yang kompleks antara Islam dan hak-hak reproduksi dan seksual perempuan Indonesia. Khususnya, tulisan ini mengangkat isu-isu penting bagi perempuan Indonesia, seperti hak-hak mereka di dalam perkawinan, akses terhadap keluarga berencana dan pelayanan kesehatan yang memadai, kebutuhan yang mendesak untuk mengurangi tingkat kematian ibu, serta pendidikan reproduksi dan seks bagi perempuan muda. Penulis menyoroti interpretasi progresif terhadap teks-teks Islam yang digunakan didalam konteks advokasi kesehatan oleh LSM-LSM Islam dan kelompok-kelompok pengajian untuk mengangkat kesadaran akan hak-hak perempuan mengenai kesehatan dan kebebasan reproduksi. Penulis juga membahas penentangan terhadap hak-hak perempuan yang terjadi dalam wacana-wacana sinkretik Islam dan saran-saran untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut. Hubungan antara hukum negara, adat regional and interpretasi lokal terhadap Islam berperan dalam membentuk kehidupan perempuan sehari-hari, serta kemampuan mereka untukmenyadari hak-hak reproduksi dan seksualnya. Oleh karena itu, pemahaman mengenaihubungan antara Islam dan hak-hak reproduksi mencakup kajian tentang cara Al Qur'an ditafsirkan pada tingkat komuniti, keluarga dan identitas pribadi, dan bukan hanya pada tataran argumen teologis para elit. Ruang demokratis yang semakin meluas di Indonesia juga merepresentasikan potensi yang meningkat dari perempuan-perempuan Muslim untuk melibatkan diri secara kritis dan positif baik pada lembaga-lembaga negara maupun keagamaan untuk memperjuangkan pengakuan dan perlindungan hak-hak reproduksi dan seksual mereka dalam kerangka Islam. Key words: women reproductive rights; Islam and state; NTB; rights education; health advocacy. 
Gender and Ethnicity in Sayyid Community of Cikoang, South Sulawesi: Kafa’ah, a Marriage System among Sayyid Females
No full textDesa Cikoang di pantai selatan Sulawesi Selatan adalah tempat bermukimnya komuniti Sayyid yang anggota-anggotanya menelusuri asal-usulnya melalui golongan Hadhramauthingga Nabi Muhammad. Tulisan ini merupakan sebuah kajian tentang identitas mereka direpresentasikan melalui kekerabatan dan perkawinan. Ciri khas Sayyid Cikoang yang menonjol tidak hanya di desa-desa asal mereka, tetapi juga di tempat-tempat mereka bermigrasi. Dibicarakan perihal bertahannya identitas semacam itu di Indonesia masa kini.Kekerabatan dan perkawinan melanggengkan keyakinan adanya garis keturunan yang membedakan orang Sayyid dari penduduk lainnya. Meskipun perkawinan terjadi antara orang Sayyid dan non-Sayyid, selalu antara seorang laki-laki Sayyid dan perempuan non-Sayyid, atas dasar bahwa anak-anak akan mengikuti status ayah mereka. Oleh karena itu,perempuan Sayyid hanya akan menikah di dalam kelompok Sayyid atau memilih tetap tidak menikah. Sistem gelar dan kategori status yang kompleks menandai hubungan perkawinan yang berbeda. Key words: Arab Indonesian; South Sulawesi; kinship; marriage reference. 
Problematika Orang Lansia tanpa Anak di dalam Masyarakat Minangkabau, Sumatera Barat
No full textThe increasing of elderly proportion is now being a new challenge in Indonesian population. It needs further reinterpretation and comprehensive studies which uncover its interrelation with social organization system, tradition continuity and the dynamic of local community, so that the impact, of the growing number of the elderly can be explained. In this article the author explores the problems of elderly without children in Minangkabau society, well known as an ethnic matrilineal system and strong traditions of migration. The author identifies three categories of elderly without children in Minangkabau: childless elderly never got married, childless elderly due to reproductive failure, and the elderly not having children. The author also describes that elderly without children in Minangkabau face problems socially and psychologically, specifically relations between man and woman in matrilineal system, marriage relationship problems and migration. Key words: matrilineal society; children value; migration; social and economic impact. 
Nalar Arab dalam Masyarakat Indonesia: Dulu, Kini dan Esok
No full textThe author argues that the Arab mind entered Indonesian society since the onset of Islam spreading in the 7th century. The development of the Arab mind has its own dynamic and inseparable from Islamic thought. The touch with Hindu-Budha cultural values created Kejawen among the Javanese; the contact with Dutch colonialism resulted acceptance of school system which brings secularism to Indonesian society. In the 80's, the Arab mind was suppressed by politically supported western mind through various ways. Globalization brings another challenge to the Arab mind that, interestingly, strengthens of Islamic identity among younger generation. Key words: The Arab mind; Javanese Islamic thought; political factor; Indonesia
Perang-perang atas Laut, Menghitung Tantangan pada Manajemen Sumberdaya Laut di Era Otonomi: Pelajaran dari Kepulauan Kei, Maluku Tenggara
No full textNatural resource management discourse and practice, as in politics but in different level, are shifting from centralized to local autonomy. Consequently, local government has to undertake many tasks. One important task is to formulate natural resource management policy that can contribute to enhance social welfare without disturbing natural resource sustainability. Hence, it is useful to evaluate existing management practices to learn its weaknesses and strengths as the basis in formulating new management policy. This article discussed conflict potential among stakeholders in the exploitation of sea natural resources in Kei islands, Southeast Mollucan. By analyzing the conflict, the discussion will identify stakeholders and power relations among them (interests, strategies and resource controls) to reveal challenges in natural resource management practices in the local autonomy era. Key words: conflict; natural resources management; regional autonomy; agency. 
Integrasi Sosial Golongan Miskin di Perkotaan: Kajian Kasus di Jakarta
No full textThis study looks into the internal process of the urban poverty of Jakarta in terms of the flowering phenomena of building and maintaining specific social relations among the poor to fulfill their basic economic needs. These complex social relations and exchanges among the poor and non-poor-called social integration of the poor-make the boundaries between the two social categories blurred and flexible. The paradox of social and economic statuses of the people involved has made this integration possible. This phenomenon will make poverty reduction programs in Indonesia face more complicated problems. Key words: Urban poverty; specific social relations; poverty as process; poverty paradox; social integration. 
Politik Seksual dalam Film Animasi Disney
No full textUsing Roland Barthes's semiotics as a tool of analysis, this article intends to find out the implications made by Disney's changes on this story of Chinese women and people in general. Barthes's multilevel semiotics shows how the same medium-the animation Mulan-could be viewed from different perspectives. Disney claimed that Mulan is a message on women's heroism. This is based on Disney's convictions that Mulan is an animation produced with "respect to women and non-Western peoples." Through feminist frame of thought and knowledge of the differences between the original Chinese and the Disney version, women experienced multilayered subordinations in the animation. The first subordination against women occurs when a person is born as a girl. Based on myths, society gives a set of characterizations to women, called the feminine character. The character is used as the basis to subordinate women and repress them. The next subordination against women occurs when the feminine character, having been applied to women for as long as they live (and taken for granted), is applied to a certain thing, person or group. Thus, whatever is regarded as having the feminine characteristics are placed in a subordinate position, and thus experience repression. Using the ethnographic approach, the writer finds that the viewers of Mulan could be categorized into three groups based on their meaning of Mulan: the "lover" group, the "ironists" group, and the "hater" group. Key words: sexual politics, Disney, feminist postcolonial theory. 
Konflik Sosial dan Alternatif Pemecahannya
No full textIn this article the author looks into social conflict and alternative solutions to the problem. He begins by discussing the merits of a conflict model in viewing society, as expounded by Dahrendorf, Bailey and others. The author argues that, in contrast, the New Order Regime of Indonesia followed a model of equilibrium, characteristic of most pseudo-democratic or authoritarian states. With an emphasis on gotong royong. uniformity, balance and harmony, any move toward individuality or anti-stability was seen as having no function in the maintenance of the system. Holding to this latter model, any view deviating from official policy was removed. Different views could only be expressed by those with power, who were in fact those in power. By setting the rules of the game, their own views were never seen as a form of deviation. This led to the emergence of conflict between various groups, whereby some were stripped of their identities, dignity and/or material resources in the interest of the state or more powerful groups. Conflicts between ethnic groups present a special problem, because any attack on the group is seen as an attack on the individual, and vice versa. The author suggests that with a conflict model, differences are a given, and conflicts give rise to competition where there exist rules for competition that are fair and well-enforced. These rules must be enforced by an impartial police. However, the incorporation of the police into the Indonesian military for the past 32 years has placed emphasis on the use of military tactics for resolving conflict. In fact, one solution to the problem of conflict is the presence of one institution or organization that can be trusted and depended upon by all parties involved; and this should be the police.Key words: conflict potentiality; ethnic plurality; culture dominant
Kemajemukan, Hipotesis Kebudayaan Dominan dan Kesukubangsaan
No full textOn the basis of Bruner's concept of a 'dominant culture', the author analyzes the cases of Bandung, Sambas and Ambon. By comparing the three cases, the author reveals the differences of adaptation strategies among the Javanese in Bandung, the Madurese in Sambas, and the BBM (Buton, Bugis, Makassar) in Ambon. The Javanese from the lower classes in Bandung follow the Sundanese culture as the dominant one, and try to adopt Sundanese ways of behavior. Harmonious relationship between the migrants and the Sundanese as the host population is thus maintained. On the other hand, the Madurese in Sambas and the BBM in Ambon forced their rules and principles so as to dominate those from the natives. As a result, conflicts between the natives and the migrants could not be avoided. The author argues that the dominant culture in a specific setting, with its rules and norms, should be followed by the migrants and outsiders. However, the challenges to the dominant culture can be diverse in different societies and settings. The cases in Sambas and Ambon reveal that there is a problem in the challenge toward the dominant culture in those societies. Key words: pluralism; dominant culture; ethnicity. 
Penganekaragaman dan Penyeragaman dalam Aktivitas Nelayan Pulau Sembilan: Sebuah Penjelasan Prosesual dan Kontekstual
No full textThis article describes and explains the complexity of dynamic process of sea fishery in Pulau Sembilan since the ancient up to now. With the application of the concepts such as diverging, homogenizing, continuity, and temporal, it has been found that the complexity of dynamic process of the fishing economy has oscillated between divergence and homogeneity. The divergence refers to different kinds of fishing activities based on various fish species by different traditional catch techniques, on the other hand, homogeneity refers to the concentration of fishermen activities on one or more similar kinds of fishing activities such as catching life fish (kerapu, sunu, napoleon) and life lobster as top commodities in the period of 1990s. When the populations of the main fish species were decreased as negative impact of overexploitation since the beginning of the 2000s, there were many fishermen returning again to different kinds of fishing activities. It means that the diverging process began its era. The process of diverging and homogenizing of fishery involve cognitive systems as guide for fishermen decision making. These processes indicate persistent and temporal functions of traditional and new fishing techniques of Pulau Sembilan fishing communities. By processual and contextual explanation, it was clear that diverging and homogenizing of fishery is a continuum of its dynamic process. The processes are influenced by internal and external socio-cultural factors and the change of sea physical environment and natural resource conditions. From this explanation known that new practice of using potassium cyanide contributes significantly to the serious degradation of large part of coral reef zones in and outside of Pulau Sembilan water. Key words: Coral reef resource use, diverging and homogenizing, continuity and temporal functions.