Antropologi Indonesia
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Perladangan Padi Paya Suku Kantu di Kalimantan Barat
No full textBriefly, the author describes about swamp-rice swiddens of the Kantu' in the upper reaches of the Kapuas river valley, West Kalimantan. Besides the cultivation of dry-swiddens, the Kantu' can utilize swamp-land surrounding their place to increase their food because it result a quite high harvest. The return of per work-day in the swamp-swiddens compared with in the dry-swiddens is 11,3 liters/day with 9,7 liters/day. However, the other things more important are planning in the swamp-land relatively "safe" since only such land which is immune to the ever-present threat - along the river - of flooding, and the brief fallow periods just take 1,2 to 2,5 years
Pembangunan dan Perubahan Sosial di Minahasa: Sebuah Pengamatan Awal dari Luar
No full textThe article is a preliminary study on the social impact of development in Minahasa. The authors try to identify, development problems as exhaustable as possible. The factors that have influenced the development in Minahasa are originated from the Minahasa community themselves and from government policies. The central government has exercised a strong influence on local condition. Local government which functions on behalf of the central government exhibit such characteristics a bureaucratic, hierarchic, and paternalistic. On the other hand, the Minahasa people are democratic and egalitarian in their social relationship. The difference between both value systems does not come into conflict, because the Minahasans channel their aspirations through the church and are able to make adjustment. 
Menanam Padi: Kajian Pengambilan Keputusan Petani dalam Menentukan Varietas Padi
No full textRice farmers in Sidamukti, West Java plant several varieties of rice, sometimes planting twoor three varieties together in one plot of land. The decision to plant a specific variety is strongly influenced by farmers' agricultural knowledge, such as knowledge of varieties of rice, periods of maturation, tastes, characteristic of specific varieties, as well as knowledge of environmental conditions, including soil conditions, the need of fertilizer and seasonal changes. The author suggest that this knowledge, as a basis for decision making is at a pre-attentive stage that has become patterned, and its nearly or perhaps entirely out of conscious consideration. In fact, external situational factors operating at the start of planting play a dominant role in the decision to plant a specific variety of rice. A multitude of factors - such as pressure from village authorities to plant certain varieties in keeping with development programs; to supply of grain, fertilizers and water for irrigation; the desire to experiment, and the demands of landowners - often become significant determinants. The author arrives at the conclusion that studies of decision making processes that view knowledge systems as recipes or patterns for behavior must be supplemented by close observation and understanding the context and situation in which behavior is generated
Tradition and Tourism: Dilemmas in Sustainable Tourism Development A Case Study from the Ngada Region of Flores, Indonesia.
No full text'Partisipasi dari masyarakat setempat' (local community participation) dan 'pemerataan pendapatan' (equity) merupakan dua prinsip utama dalam pembangunan 'Sustainable Tourism' (kepariwisataan yang mendasar dan berlangsung terus menerus). Bagaimanapun idealnya kedua konsep tersebut, tetapi dalam prakteknya sering menimbulkan beberapa kontradiksi. Dengan melalui studi kasus mengenai timbulnya kepariwisataan di kabupaten Ngadha,Flores, NTT, Indonesia, nilai-nilai praktis dari kedua konsep 'partisipasi masyarakat setempatdan pemerataan pendapatan dibahas dan dipertanyakan. Studi kasus ini menyoroti bagaiamana pariwisata dilihat dari sudut pandang penduduk setempat mempunyai dampak sosial-budaya yang positif. Dengan adanya pariwisata, nilai-nilai tradisi lebih dipelihara dan diperkuat kembali. Dalam hal ini dari bertambahnya rumah rumah adat , dan diperbaikinya Bhaga dan Ngadu, dan juga oleh sebagian anggota masyarakat sistem pelapisan sosial secara adat diterapkan kembali Pariwisata merupakan salah satu bagian dari pembangunan. Menurut teori pembangunan suatu proyek akan lebih berhasil apabila berdasar pada struktur kekuasaan tradisional. Didalam paper ini tradisi dibahas sebagai kontruksi sosial yang tidak tetap dan dapat dipergunakan. Apabila keberadaan struktur kekuasaan tidak berdasar pada kesamarataan, kesenjangan antara si kaya dan si miskin akan bertambah lebar. Tulisan ini menekankan bahwa diperlukan pengertian yang luas untuk dapat memahami hubungan antara kekuasaan pada tahap lokal dengan suatu cara yang sesuai dengan kebudayaan setempat yang memberikan pemerataan hasil pendapatan dari pembangunan pariwisata. 
Seas that Unite, Mountains that Divide: Language, Identity, and Development in Flores
No full textBerdasarkaan telaah atas edisi khusus Antropologi Indonesia no.56, penulis menyarankan agar Flores tidak dipandang sebagai suatu entitas tersendiri, tetapi sebagai suatu pulau yang terkait dalam suatu kepulauan. Lautan yang menghubungkan gugusan pulau-pulau itu memungkinkan terwujudnya hubungan-hubungan melalui perdagangan dan migrasi yang direfleksikan dalam mitos dan sejarah. 'ikatan-ikatan bahasa ' (linguistic linkages) dan hubungan-hubungan sejarah wilayah Flores Timur diacu oleh penulis untuk menunjang pandangan ini...[...] Penulis menyarankan agar kasus-kasus etnografi yang disajikan, dan kerangka-kerangka analisis yang dikaji dalam edisi khusus Antropologi Indonesia tentang Flores ini disimak oleh para pemerhati masalah bahasa, identitas, dan pembangunan di Indonesia
Antropologi Melihat Money Politics
No full textIn the context of Indonesia's recent elections, money politics is generally seen in a negative light. The author discusses this issue from the standpoint of economic anthropology, and provides as historical explanation of how monetary system entered the local economic system and to what extent it influences the sociopolitical system. Added to the discussion are comparisons with other systems. She continues to show how political systems are viewed from the anthropological perspective, and ends by explaining the meaning of money politics and its practice in political activities. 
Konflik Sosial dan Alternatif Pemecahannya
No full textIn this article the author looks into social conflict and alternative solutions to the problem. He begins by discussing the merits of a conflict model in viewing society, as expounded by Dahrendorf, bailey, and others. The author argues that, in contrast, the New Order Regime of Indonesia followed a model of equilibrium , characteristic of most pseudo-democratic or authoritarian states...[...] the author suggest that with a conflict model, differences are given, and conflict give rise to competition where there exist rules for competition that are fair and well-enforced. These ruled must be enforced b and impartial police. However, the incorporation of the police into the Indonesian military for the past 32 years has placed emphasis on the use of military tactics for resolving conflicts. In fact, one solution to the problem of conflict is the presence of one institution or organization that can be trusted and depended upon by all partied involved; and this should be the police. 
Orang Ambon dan Perubahan Kebudayaan
No full textThe Ambonese is a community that underwent changes from time to time as a result of the influence of religion, government's policies and global culture. The changes have further implications. A considerable 'in group' solidarity of village as totality (supported by villagers and their special rights, excluding the newcomers) became segregated because of religion. Religion has taken over the traditional rites. The village as an entity of traditional laws based upon genealogy has undergone changes into a public village. The village has become multi profiled with its activities based on needs, e.g. the ceremonial needs for the benefits of traditions. Traditional institutions that strengthened social relations between villages have weakened as a result of the government's policies, and so is the traditional institutions that fulfill the needs of the traditional community
Teater Tradisional sebagai Dokumen Komunitas
No full textThe assumption that theater functions as a document of the community falls under question. Such an assumption emerges, for example, from the ideas of Paul Ricoeur on theories of the text, which takes textual discourse as an inscription of oral discourse. Social reality is seen as oral discourse, allowing for the view that the narrative aspect of theater presents its textual discourse. The classic study of the ludruk theater by James Peacock demonstrates haw the ludruk holds within it the anxieties of members of the ludruk community in East Java over modernization. In Ricoeur's terms, such anxieties are inscribed in ludruk performances. Holding to the assumption of theater as document, one would expect to see performances related to the reformation movement of the present. However, the 'Gaya Baru' Lenong Theater, performed by the 'Sarkim' group at a wedding occasion on March 20, 1999 in the village of Jelabong, East Buaran, Serpong, displays no significant inclinations toward the reformation. During the performance that ran until 3.45 in the early morning, the author recorded only three pertinent words from the panjak's jokes: krisis, sembako and PHK. This leads to following question: should the assumption of the role of traditional theater in documenting the community be revised; or does the community see no importance in there formation that is occurring at the national level
Kekerasan Militer di Indonesia
No full textThis paper points out that the state defense doctrine based on the military historical experience which is dominated by the Hobbesian paradigm is one of the roots of military violence in Indonesia. The ius ad bellum doctrine principle is not applied in the Indonesian state defense doctrine. Although the application of the ius ad bellum doctrine created a chance to develop a state defense strategy that considers morality as an important aspect, there is nevertheless no military actor in Indonesia paying attention to this matter. Consequently, there is a high tendency to use war instruments immorally. This reality is categorized as military violence. Undoubtedly, military violence can lead to a rise in human rights violations. The author argues that military violence in Indonesia can be minimized by developing a state defense strategy which 1) considers morality as an important aspect; 2) gives priority to exploring all conflict resolution alternatives before using military instruments; and 3) civil society is no longer included in the application of the Indonesian defense strategy