Antropologi Indonesia
Not a member yet
571 research outputs found
Sort by
Community Diversity and Unity in Witihama, Adonara
No full textFor fourteen months in 2000-2001, I conducted a research in the District of Witihama, eastern Adonara. Witihama is a religiously mixed community, made up of Muslims and Catholics. However, both groups also practice blood sacrifice and carry out ceremonies required by adat. Muslims and Catholics are closely related by ties of marriage and descent. In the recent historical past, as well as in the ancient legendary past, the community has a remembered history of bloody warfare and murder, not linked to questions of modern religious allegiances, which provide incentives to take precautions to maintain community harmony and peace. Mindful of sectarian conflict elsewhere in Indonesia, Catholics and Muslims maintain close ties of cooperation and solidarity. On holidays like Christmas, Easter and Idul Fitri, for example, they hold community meetings to express mutual friendship. Members of the District have suffered from conflict elsewhere in Indonesia, for example during the fighting between Suku Batak and the 'Flores people' in 1999 in Batam, in the Moluccas and in the violence inDili, East Timor. Refugees from these other conflicts came and went while I was there. There have been attempts at sectarian provocation in Witihama by people from elsewhere in the past, leading to their expulsion. There was an unexplained incident in which a hand grenade exploded in Witihama killing one child and injuring two others, causing considerable consternation within the community. Rumors of plans to bomb the Catholic Church were taken seriously. Efforts to place East Timorese refugees in the Kabupaten of Flores Timur were strongly resisted on grounds of safety and local peace. Finally the national move toward regional autonomy led to Witihama becoming a separate Kecamatan and resulted in moves to turn Flores and Lembata into a separate Province
Minahasa Identity: A Culinary Practice
No full textThe geographic area I will focus on is the Minahasa region in North Sulawesi. There, in the eighteenth century the eight 'tribes' inhabiting the area were united into a single 'ethnic group' known as 'Minahasa' until today. Not only the Dutch colonial government but also the Protestant church put great efforts into this unifying and homogenizing process that was supposed to create a common identity for all Minahasan people. The effectiveness of those efforts can hardly be denied. Nevertheless, internal differences have continued to exist and they are based not only on 'traditional' concepts that divided the 'original' Minahasan tribes but also on the local population's experiences with immigrants from other parts of Indonesia and overseas (e.g. the Philippines and China). Although this is not a recent phenomenon, political and socio-economic developments during the last few years have had further impacts on demographic conditions and relations between different ethnic and religious 'groups'. Thus, the Minahasa-like other 'ethnic groups' in Indonesia-are confronted with a double binding of supposed needs and requests for diversity under a unifying umbrella-on the regional as well as national level. The paper will address the 'problem' from the perspective of a rural community in the south-eastern part of the region. Hence, local concepts of identity, their constructions and markers in everyday life, as being manifested in food and clothing for instance, will be given special consideration. It will also be taken into account that the media (esp. television) plays an important role in the formation and representation of ethnic and religious identity. The paper aims at showing how 'unity' and 'diversity' in this context are produced and reproduced on the village level and its relation to the national discourse
Towards a New Politics of Tradition? Decentralisation, Conflict, and Adat in Eastern Indonesia
No full textThe intention of this article is to discuss the relationship between the processes of fiscal and political decentralization, the outbreak of communal violence, and what I call 'the new politics of tradition' in Indonesia. In 1999 under the President Jusuf Habibie, the Indonesian parliament (DPR) voted in favour of two laws, No. 22 and 25 of 1999, which promised to leave a significant share of state revenues in the hands of the regional governments. Strongly supported by the liberal ideologues of the IMF and the World Bank, the two laws were envisaged within Indonesia as a necessary step towards devolving the centralized power of New Order patrimonialism and as a way of curbing separatism and demands for autonomy by giving the regional governments the constitutional and financial wherewithal to maintain a considerable degree of self-determination. Decentralization was in other words touted as the anti-dote to communal violence and separatist tendencies-an anti-dote administered or at least prescribed by multi-national development agencies in most conflict-prone areas of the world. This paper wishes to probe this idea by looking at the conflict and post-conflict situation in North Maluku. The conflict illustrates how local elites began jockeying for political control in anticipation of decentralization. The process of decentralization is in other words not merely an anti-dote but in some cases an implicated part in the production of violence. One reason for this is simply that the decentralization of financial and political control after three decades of centralization entails a significant shift in the parameters of hegemony-a shift towards which local political entrepreneurs in the regions are bound to react. The new 'politics of tradition' currently emerging in Indonesia is the combined result of changes in global forms of governance, a strong political focus on ethnic and religious identity in the 'era reformasi' and a local willingness to employ these identities to garner support in the new political landscape of decentralization
Memahami Sistem Pengetahuan Budaya Masyarakat Pegunungan Tengah, Jayawijaya, Papua dalam Konteks Kebencanaan
No full textJayawijaya suffers from hazards stemming from natural and human-made-disaster (anthropogenic). Dani tribe resided in Jayawijaya is known to dwell on profound influence of culture and nature allowing genuine local knowledge in managing disaster risks to breed. This study aims to understand the cultural knowledge systems of Dani tribe relating to disaster and its practices. This study is developed from desk studies and interviews with stakeholders. Dani tribe has known the concept of human-and-human and human-and-nature unison. They define this concept as transcendence relationship. Harmonious relationship between human and nature is believed would influence livelihood and in contrast would engender various forms of disaster. As part of securing their well-being, Dani tribe formulates norms which is manifested in various practices such as: environmental protection which includes rules and sanctions; the establishment of war command post and tribal structure consisted of commander of war and the head of fertility who govern war threads and initiate peace; as well as ritual performances. Living in harmony with nature allows Dani tribe to interpret these signs of nature as an early warning of disaster. Hopefully, the results of this study would be beneficial to local governments, customary institutions, faith-based institutions, and stakeholders in an effort to build community resilience.Keywords: disaster risk reduction, social and cultural systems, local knowledge, Dani, Jayawijaya, community resilienc
Totua Ngata dan Konflik (Studi atas Posisi Totua Ngata sebagai Lembaga Adat di Kecamatan Marawola)
No full textTalking about tradition, it is kind of imagination of kinship in the past in an idealism positions in an orderly and harmonious level. Everyone respect each other and take position in the clan and their class respectively. The aims of this paper is to find out information about the institutions traditional role in the District Marawola to the conflict in the community. The research start with a literature study then continued with observation and interviews. This paper apply govern mentality theory that triggered by Michael Foucault. The results that found in this research that the traditional institutions began to lose its role, some of which are caused by the gap between the old and the young in the communities itself. Traditional institutions also lose their social legitimacy that seen from the shrinking role of traditional institutions, where traditional institutions only deal with traditional healing rituals, clearing land and harvesting rituals. Rules of traditional institutions such as law regulatory with sanctions are applied only in the form of oral speech in memory of the past in the absence of compliance with customary rules itself.Key-words: Customs, Totua Ngata, Governmentality, Conflic
Budaya Penjara: Arena Sosial Semi Otonom di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan “X”
No full textThis paper is an ethnographic study to understand the prison’s culture in the correctional institutions “X”. The writer has examined carefully the way of living day by day directly and raised a variety of mutual agreements among the residents behind the prison walls. The results in the investigation field shows the limit and deprivation that appears as an interpretation actor, not the institution, that occur according certain contexts. The prison’s culture not only discuss informal agreement but how the agreements can be maintained by the actors in everyday’s life utilization in fulfilling the needs and self-interestsKeyword: Prison’s Culture, Correctional Institution, Semi Autonomous Social Fields, Actor, Contex
Beberapa Catatan mengenai Perkembangan Antropologi Hukum sebagai Disiplin Akademik di Indonesia
No full textThis article generally describes the development of legal anthropological studies in Indonesia in the last 20-year period. First, this article proposes some notes concerning a number of papers written by scholars of this discipline as well as writers from other disciplines who are interested in legal anthropology. Second, this article describes teaching of legal anthropology in various universities in Indonesia, and the problems faced by lecturers of this field. Third, the writer provides information on all kinds of research in legal anthropology carried out the Indonesia researchers, and the problems that occurred in the studies and researches on legal anthropology in Indonesia. At the end, the writer specifically focus on important of researches, publication of writings on legal anthropology, and the trainings for legal anthropologist, e.g. through cooperation between Indonesia and foreign universities as a way to stimulate and encourage the development of legal anthropology in Indonesia
Antropologi Hukum
No full textIn describing the development of legal anthropology as a new subdiscipline in anthropology, the author firstly clarifies the differences between legal anthropology and the common law science. Although the description of law had been found in ethnographic literatures since two centuries ago, a particular analysis on law emerged in 1920s as the result of debates between Malinowski and R. Brown on the mechanism of social control in stateless societies. Problems of whether law exists in the state or stateless societies stimulated the anthropologists to define the boundaries and scopes of "law", such as L. Pospisil's definition. The development of studies, analysis, and interpretation on law systems in various societies lead to the emergence of legal anthropology as a subdiscipline in anthropology. 
The Introduction of Money as Either the Causes or the Symbol of Destruction of the Moral Economy
No full textTulisan ini akan membahas dan menjawab pertanyaan apakah pengenalan akan uang merupakan penyebab atau bersifat destruktif terhadap moral ekonomi. Pembahasan masalah ini sendiri akan mengkaji uraian beberapa ahli antropologi yang bertitik tolak dari sudut pandang yang berbeda-beda. Argumentasi utama mereka pada dasarnya menjelaskan bahwa konsep uang mempumyai arti yang berbeda-beda sesuai dengan masyarakat pendukung konsep tersebut. Di lain pihak simbolisme uang secara khusus harus dianalisa dalam kerangka yang spesifi
Folklor Indonesia dan Jepang: Suatu Studi Perbandingan
No full textThere are more similarities than differences in the development of folklore as a separated discipline in Indonesia and Japan. Folklore studies in Japan were started in 1930 while in Indonesia since 1972. As a result the Japanese has already developed their own theories and methods, while in Indonesia is still depending on the ones developed in Europe and United States. The similarities are both developed in order to look for their respected national identity. And it is interesting to note that there are many tale types and tale motifs that is similar in both countries