Antropologi Indonesia
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Orang Kulisusu, Identitas dan Kekuasaan Reproduksi Identitas Kultural dalam Proses Pemekaran Kabupaten Buton Utara
No full textThis article describes the relationship between power, history and identity in the processof division North Buton of Muna. In this article the presence of North Buton identity is seen asa phenomenon that refers to the identity of reproduction historical narrative where Kulisusuin historical context has a power relationship with the kingdom of Buton which lasted fromthe 17th century. This study found; that the presence of North Buton identity is a product ofdiscourse that legitimized by indigenous groups who identify themselves as descendants ofthe founder of the kingdom Kulisusu. it means that the identity of North Buton formed dueto higher power structures Barata Kulisusu surviving in culture Kulisusu People. This studyalso found that reproductive identity North Buton a political attempt to discover the identityof distinguishing between Kulisusu and People Muna (identity as a weapon of resistance).This distinctive identity in turn managed to attract popular support for the masses who feelconnected to that identity.Keywords: power; history; identity reproduction; regional divisio
Pengelolaan Sumber Daya Laut Antarbatas Negara: Tantangan Bagi Indonesia sebagai Negara Maritim
No full textThis aritcle discusses about the phenomenon of globalization involving two fishermencommunities, the Tomalou fishermen in Tidore islands and the Philipines fishermen. Bothof them sail and hunt in the same seawater zone, constructed and formed as a transborderterritory between Indonesia and the Philipines. The natural resources management systemthrough decentralization should ensure the exsistence of local fishermen (Tomalou) to gainmarine (fish) resources, secured by government without interference by the Philipine fishermen.The data in this paper has been analyzed with several transborder theories. As a result, thispaper shows that the state representated by the regional government has failed to protect thelocal fishermen (Tomalou) and ensure in continued presence in achiving welfare from the searesources.Keywords: Globalization, The Tomalou Fishermen, Decentralization, Transborder studie
Budaya Berpikir Positif sebagai Modal Utama Harmoni Sosial dan Integrasi Bangsa
No full textThis article analyzes the positive thinking culture of each ethnic group in Poso, CentralSulawesi. This article also examines the factors that cause degradation of ethnic culture ofpositive thinking so as to serve as guidelines for public behavior. The study was conductedby observation, in-depth interviews, and analysis of qualitative data. The research foundthe degradation of cultural values with several contributing factors. Finally, the model canbe described cultural transformation of positive thinking is right to apply to the youngergeneration. The transformational models of positive thinking culture are: parents need tocomprehend positive thinking culture and teach it to their children; the need to teach morals,positive thinking culture and the regional language in schools; an emphasis of parents andleaders as role-leader for the younger generation; the empowerment of traditional leadersin socializing positive thinking culture; the need for emerge individual to direct their thoughtand actions to positive matter.Keywords: positive thinking culture, cultural transformation, social harmony and nationalintegratio
Hutan dalam Mite Mambang Tawuong Asam (Sebuah Tafsir atas Cerita Lisan Teluk Meranti)
No full textEach community has a inherited mite from generation to generation, as well as MambangTawuong Asam myth. As a form of oral tradition, myth Mambang Tawuong Asam into thescheme of the analysis the state of society in forest utilization around Teluk Meranti. Theanalysis is used to connect fragments of myth in which actors in the myths associated withthe presence of forests as did William R Bascom against the myth. The results obtained thatthe youngest daughter represent the image of a simple Malay people who later married theMambang.Meanwhile the brothers of the youngest daughter anxiously awaited for a rich,handsome, and smart prince; in this episode is referred to as a happy simple, greedy vain.While in the second part, the youngest daughter and Mambang was separated because of thedeath Mambang (loss of Mambang’s faith value), while the youngest daughter’s brothers metwith the idol prince from across the country who intends to dominate the forest; The secondepisode is called simple that miserable, greedy prosperous.Keyword: Myth, Oral Tradition, Mambang Tawuong Asa
TOTEM AMBON MANISE:MEMBONGKAR SEGREGASI TERITORIAL BERBASIS AGAMA DI KOTA AMBON
No full textThis writing is an effort done by the writer to break up the religious segregation that is still continuing in Ambon City, the Capital of Moluccas. Since the Social conflict started in January 19, 1999, then continued in September 11, 2011, and May 15, 2012 the religious people who live in harmony has become a fragile living. The Data collected by the observation and interview technique. Observation was done to collect the data about the impacts of social conflict, especially on the reality of segregation based on religion background, while interview was done with the tradisional / cultural leaders and the citizens of Ambon (Moslems and Christians as well). They involved directly or indirectly in the social conflict and undergo its impacts. After that, the researcher collected and studied the written documents that related to the research topic. The impact of social conflict in January 19, 1999 and September 11, 2011 is the territorial segregation based on religion background. This situation still held by the people from the Christians and Moslems because of the safety and comfort reasons, also traumatic and psychological reasons. Durkheim’s theory on totem is used by the writer to explain that reality of segregation. So the theory become the concept to break up the segregation based on religion background which is happening in Ambon. Totem: Ambon Manise, is a concept or slogan that is very closed to the Molucans. Therefore, this concept or slogan can be a self image of Molucans communally, and can be a norm that able to change their point of view and the daily attitude. The attitude of respect each other, help each other, and trust each other, before the conflict in 1999, was very good and tightly held among the Molucans. Therefore if a member of community does not have this attitude, he/she known as people who have not the Molucan identity. So, the Totem Ambon Manise can be a new Totem for Molucans, especially for the modern Ambonesse here and now. Then the Totem can be a common self image to build up the people life communally in order to create the social cohesion without the religious, ras, and tribe walls. This new totem does not reduct the totems belong to the clans. Conversely, it enriches the clan totems that have been belonged to the people until now.Key words: segregation, social conflict, slogan, totem, Ambon Manise, pela, gandong
Disease Interpretations and Response among HIV-positive Mothers
No full textDespite the growing number of new cases of HIV and AIDS in Indonesia, the progress ofprevention programs has been slow. Low prevalence is always stated as a reason for delayingHIV prevention programs and to justify slow progress in implementation. Prevention programsare moreover based on a high-risk group paradigm. They focus on female sex workers asresponsible for the spread of HIV, leading to its stigmatization as a hooker’s disease. This articledescribes how seropositive mothers interpret and respond to HIV and AIDS as women, in lightof the fact that most of them have not experienced full-blown AIDS. Some women had alreadyexperienced severe illnesses caused by HIV but defined their ill health by the symptoms theyexperienced, revealing that they did not really feel as if they were living with HIV and AIDS.Despite the fact that some members had died due to AIDS, many still could not believe thatthey were suffering from HIV and AIDS or that their illnesses were caused by it; rather, theirsymptoms were of other diseases such as diarrhoea, tuberculosis, or hepatitis. And thoughthey realized that their past (or present) behaviours put them at risk, they maintained thatthey were victims who had contracted the disease from their promiscuous or drug-injectinghusbands. Even when they did admit that their own behaviour had something to do with it,they did not consider HIV and AIDS as a disease but a curse from God, a punishment fortheir immoral behaviour.Keywords: Women, Infectious Disease, Interpretation, HIV and AIDS, Support Group,Indonesi
Torch light in the city: Auto/Ethnographic Studies of Urban Kampung Community in Depok City, West Java
No full textThis monograph elaborates the anthropological discussion of place attachment among the residents of urban kampung neighborhood in one of Jakarta’s peripheral cities, Kota Depok. Within the socio-economic transformation in the cities and also alteration of physical landscape, the local residents who live in kampung neighborhood experience the feeling of ‘uprootedness’ but at the same time create place attachment through the act of incorporation. In this regard, kampung as a socio-spatial entity is discerned as potentiality within perpetual urban transformation. In particular, this monograph looks at the ways in which the production of place attachment constitutes a process mediated by practices related to social memories, kinship and ritual. Ethnographic data that I present in this monograph are gained through my ethnographic fieldwork during September 2011—Oktober 2012 among kampung residents in Kampung Bojong Pondokcina, Depok City, West Java. Since I (as researcher) am also part of the community that I study in this research, this monograph can be regarded as auto-ethnographic study in which in some part I also integrate self-narratives that place myself within the social context that I study
Keuneunong: Learning from Authority
No full textKnowledge systems have been the focus of much anthropological work, although there have been shifts in definitions and perspectives. One aspect of knowledge is that it is learned, mostly informally through a process of trial and error. The keuneunong is one such knowledge system, known to be distributed among Acehnese farmers and used mainly to determine planting schedules and crop selection. Although it serves as a guide for agricultural activities, most farmers do not understand it fully, and leave its interpretation to an authority known as the kejrun blang. Research for this article was conducted in Mane, Nanggroe Aceh Darussalam. The findings suggest that the process of trial-and-error learning among farmers is hindered by authority, and that transmission of knowledge of the essence of keuneunong does not occur.Key words: keuneunong, knowledge, learnin
Marapu: Konstruksi Identitas Budaya Orang Sumba, NTT
No full textThis article examines how the people of Sumba construct their cultural identity associated with their religiosity in the face of discriminatory processed around them. The Sumbanese with their Marapu religion are discriminated againts because of the cultural identity attached to it, but due to their negative image. Discriminatory categories with all the attributes and roles attached to ithemare not natural constructs, but a history and representation.The cultural identity of the Sumbanese is the result of the interaction between the forces from the "outside" and the practices of their daily life. Marapu is a religion that serve as is the cultural identity of the Sumbanese, and becomes the basis of guidelines or values that organize their lives. Even for the people who do not following the Marapu religion. For them the Marapu is limited to the customs of ancestors only, and not as a faith they profess. For some of the Sumbanese, switching religion are a compromise, which is one form of "cultural protection strategy" that can reduce fear and aggression that arise between the individuals and society. The nature of this compromise culture is activated through the traditional institutions that always put through deliberation and uphold the concepts of togetherness and solidarity.Key words: Marapu, construction, cultural identity, discriminatio
Ambiguity in Property Rights: Lesson from the Kayan of Kalimantan
No full textBadan Pertahanan Nasional sebenarnya masih memiliki sejumlah "pekerjaan rumah". Salah satunya adalah bagaimana menerapkan UU Pokok Agraria sesuai dengan keragaman kenyataan di lapangan yang tersebar di seluruh Indonesia. Apakah kita sudah memiliki suatu peta tanah adat masyarakat yang aktual dan empirik? Melalui tulisan ini penulis hendak menunjukkan betapa peliknya masalah tanah adat dan faktor-faktor yang terkait dengannya, khususnya di Kalimantan. Pendekatan terhadap masalah pertanahan selama ini cenderung seragam, searah dan legalistik sehingga mengalami kesulitas ketika berhadapan dengan keragaman sistem lokal khususnya dalam menetapkan status kepemilikan rumah. Penulis memberi contoh mengenai masih lazimnya status kepemilikan tanah berdasarkan tradisi lisan dan turun-temurun. Pada bagian akhir ia mengusulkan perlunya satu gambaran untuk peta tanah adat berikut corak penguasaan, status kepemilikan, dan pola pemanfaatannya.