Antropologi Indonesia
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What Does It Mean to be well? Understanding the Acehnese Youth Refugees’ Resettlement Experience
No full textThis qualitative study describes the extent to which there is a perception of wellbeing among Acehnese refugees who arrived as adolescents to the United States and settled in the Mid - Atlantic States. Aceh is a province in Northwestern Indonesia consisting of approximately four million people. During 1990 to 2005, approximately 20,000 people left the province due to political conflict to seek asylum in Malaysia, their neighboring country, before resettling in a third country. The participants in this research study are Acehnese refugees that were resettled to the United States as adolescents during that peak migration phase. Results describe how these Acehnese refugees perceive their resettlement with regards to wellbeing, in general, and the development of their identities, sense of belonging and ecological systems of support, specifically. The results of this study shed light on how these Acehnese refugees perceive the many changes in their wellbeing from the early days of their arrival to present day. This study contributes to the literature on refugee studies, highlighting the developmental transition from childhood to adulthood and, at the same time, the cultural transition from home country to host country.Keywords: Acehnese refugees, wellbeing, sense of belonging, identity, ecological systems of suppor
Menjadi “Positive Deviant” di antara yang Positif (Kajian Deskriptif tentang Anak dengan HIV/AIDS)
No full textSejak 1987, kasus HIV/AIDS anak di Indonesia meningkat. Beberapa penelitian mengungkapkan anak dengan HIV/AIDS (ADHA) tidak dapat mencapai umur 5 tahun tanpa didukung oleh pengobatan ARV. Namun, data Kemenkes dan dokumentasi yang ada di LSM pemerhati HIV/AIDS menunjukkan sebaliknya. Beberapa anak HIV positif bisa bertahan hidup lebih lama walaupun belum memulai pengobatan ARV. Dalam ilmu sosial dikenal dengan istilah “Positive Deviance”. Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana ADHA menjalani hidup sebagai Positve Deviant dan bagaimana keluarga dan sistem sosial mendukung mereka menjalani kehidupan mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan menggunakan FGD dan wawancara mendalam untuk pengumpulan data. Informan kunci adalah ADHA yang memulai pengobatan ARV setelah usia 5 tahun. Informan pendukung, yaitu orangtua/wali anak, LSM yang mendampingi, dan dokter yang merawat mereka. ADHA menjadi positive deviant tanpa disengaja karena telat terdeteksi status HIV-nya. Menjalani hidup sebagai ADHA juga tidak mudah karena mereka harus berdamai dengan penyakit dan obat-obatan, mengalami masalah psikososial karena merasa berbeda dengan teman sebayanya, dan sulit untuk berprestasi karena halangan kesehatan. Namun, bantuan dan dukungan terhadap ADHA malah membuat mereka menjadi pahlawan untuk keluarganya karena dianggap sebagai sumber financial untuk mendukung kebutuhan keluarga mereka. Penelitian juga menemukan bahwa keluarga dan sistem sosial memegang peranan penting bagi informan untuk bisa bertahan hidup lebih lama dari ADHA lainnyaKata Kunci: Anak, Positive Deviance, HIV/AIDS, Keluarga, Dukungan Sosia
Language, Thought And Social Awareness: a Preliminary Anthropological Linguistic Investigation Of Time And Space in The Bima Language
No full textThis article discusses the connection between language and thought processes and its implication towards social consciousness and attitudes. The framework is developed from various concepts of linguistic relativity particularly temporal and spatial deictic systems. Data were introspectively collected from the Bima native speakers selected based on dialectal variation, topography, and political geography and descriptively analyzed by identifying, classifying, describing and explaining the connection between various linguistic forms and spatio-temporal dimensions and social consciousness. The study finds that the concept of time in the language is not only semantically realized in adverbs of time but also morphologically represented in linguistic markers of present, past and future. Space is realized through the choice of three-dimensional locative markers: ‘ake’ speaker proximity, ‘ede’ hearer proximity, and ‘aka’ speaker-hearer distant detachment. Location is also marked by other factors: topography, geography, trans-communication pathways, and socio-political vitality of referred area. The study shows a strong relationship in both expert and commoner speakers’ understanding of spatial and temporal concepts although explicit reference to space and time as required in the language does not significantly materialize in different attitudes toward them.Key Words: language, thought, social awareness, deictic system
Kontra Publik Keagamaan dalam Media Baru: Islam, Kebudayaan Populer, dan Media Sosial pada Gerakan #IndonesiaTanpaJIL
No full textThis article explores the rise of contemporary Islamic movement that emerged as a result of a counter-public phenomenon over the discourse of liberal Islam in Indonesia. The phenomena explain the new entry point to understand the relationship between social media, popular culture, and the articulation of Islamic identity and piousness among urban youth in Indonesia. Taking case on the emerging popular-religious movement of #IndonesiatanpaJIL, that were arise from social media sites (Twitter, Facebook, and Youtube), this article examined how this movement was creatively playing Islamic discourse and the notions of nationalism/citizenship through urban pop culture materiality and commercialized public spaces. This appropriation had been influential to propagate their religious ideology and piety and by doing so showing their effective modality and mode of circulation.Keyword: Counter-Public, Islamic Identity, Social Media, Popular Culture, Public Spher
Restorasi Tingkat Mikro Dalam Sistem Sosial Budaya Indonesia Untuk Mencegah Kematian Ibu
No full textKompleksitas budaya dan wilayah di Indonesia membuat pelaksanaan perlindungan sosial menjadi tidak mudah. Para ibu memiliki faktor internal yang membuat mereka belum dapat mengetahui dan/atau bersedia memanfaatkan program perlindungan sosial di bidang kesehatan secara optimal, sehingga Angka Kematian Ibu (AKI) pada tahun 2015 yang tidak menurun. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa ada permasalahan faktor internal yang menjadi kekhasan ibu yang usianya masih muda. Selain mereka terhambat oleh perihal administrasi karena belum cukup usia, ibu yang berumur remaja menjadi rentan karena aspek psikologis-nya yang belum matang. Di tengah kondisi sosial dan budaya yang tidak mendukung, kerentanan terhadap para ibu di usia muda menjadikan mereka berada pada posisi yang semakin lemah. Padahal pertumbuhan dan perkembangan para ibu yang sedang mengandung tidak hanya membutuhkan dukungan untuk kebutuhan fisiknya semata. Aspek psikologis juga penting. Bahkan kedua aspek tersebut dapat memberikan implikasi terhadap kesehatan fisik secara langsung. Dalam kaitannya dengan kerentanan ibu di usia remaja, tataran mikro dalam sistem sosial budaya yang kompleks di Indonesia pun menjadi perhatian yang menentukan.Kata Kunci: Jaminan Kesehatan, Kematian Ibu, Kehamilan Tidak Diinginkan, Perlindungan Sosial, Pemasaran Sosial
Productivity Promises, Precarious Realities: Ethnographic Study of Harm Reduction Implementation in Indonesia
No full textAbstractThis monograph examines the implementation of harm reduction programs in Indonesia that failed to improve the quality of drug users’ lives. The failure is the result of programs that merely provide drug users with instrumental strategy to deal with addiction through substitution therapy. The designation of legal substances such as methadone and subuxone is only to replace illegal drug addiction. In the end, the program fails to provide drug users with sufficient information to manage their dependence and even leads them to uncontrolled poly-substance use. This three months of ethnographic fieldwork focuses on examining Harm Reduction (HR) experiences in both methadone and subuxone users. The users are still stigmatized, although they are no longer illegal drug users. It is caused by the fact that HR only promotes rationalism and pragmatism in the contemporary drug treatment. This stigma results in socioeconomic exclusion which limits the access to lead livable lives for users. It became apparent that instead of improving users’ life quality, HR programs continuously reproduce the precariousness of drug users’ lives.Keywords: harm reduction, drug users, interventions, precarious, productivity, Indonesi
After the Boats Stopped: Refugees Managing a Life of Protracted Limbo in Indonesia
No full textIn 2013, Australia enacted tough border policies to “stop the boats”, leaving Indonesia to play host to a burgeoning number of refugees who now spend years, rather than months in the country, awaiting resettlement through the UNHCR to a third country. In Indonesia, asylum seekers live in a state of limbo and are deprived of access to education and employment. Given the uncertainty and increasing length of stay, the question emerges: how do people manage their lives in response to this protracted, yet impermanent, situation? In particular, how do refugees build relations with one another and with their Indonesian hosts? In West Java, Hazara refugees from Afghanistan respond to their uncertain situation by forming a strong co-ethnic community to navigate their new environment. Even though these urban refugees live in and amongst Indonesian host communities, they have little meaningful interaction with Indonesians and demonstrate very little uptake of the language, behaviours or cultural practices of their neighbours. This phenomenon of forming a community within, but at the same time apart from the host community is demonstrated with primary data collected over a six-week period in West Java using a combination of participant observation and interview methods. Based on comparison with other urban refugee contexts and ethnic Hazara diaspora groups, it is argued that the extent to which refugees form bonds with the local population is dependent on structural factors, in particular the formal and informal legal framework for refugees, access to education and employment, cultural and linguistic differences, and discrimination.Keywords: Refugees, Asylum Seekers, Acculturation, Hazar
Introduction: Forced Migration and Protracted Transit in Indonesia and Southeast Asia
No full textIn May 2015, boats carrying several thousand Rohingya refugees created a tense situation in the region as Indonesia and neighboring ASEAN countries initially refused to let them come ashore (Amnesty International, 2015). Refugees dominated regional headlines for weeks for the first time since the end of the Vietnam war in 1975, when Indonesia and many other Southeast Asian states saw the arrival of tens of thousands of people from Vietnam and then later from Cambodia. The public outcry at the time led to a strong support for finding a regional solution for refugees. Despite this, the protection of asylum seekers and refugees across Southeast Asia remains weak to this day (Gleeson, this issue; Tan, 2016). Although Southeast Asia currently hosts more than one million4 asylum seekers and refugees (Amnesty International, 2017; UNHCR, 2017b), most Southeast Asian countries, with the exception of Cambodia, Timor Leste and the Philippines, have not signed the 1951 Refugee Convention and do not offer local integration for refugees in their respective territories
Unprecedented but Unfulfilled: Refugee Protection and Regional Responses to the Andaman Sea ‘Crisis’
No full textIn May 2015, a situation unfolding in the Bay of Bengal and Andaman Sea – since dubbed the Andaman Sea ‘crisis’ – threw into sharp relief the limitations of the region’s willingness and capacity to respond to large scale movements of refugees and irregular migrants. More than 5,000 Rohingya refugees and Bangladeshi migrants became stranded at sea, after people smugglers abandoned their boats and nearby countries refused to let them land. Ultimately it fell to a handful of the most affected countries in the region – Indonesia, Malaysia and Thailand in particular – to take the lead in initiating a regional response. This article explores this response, and how the Andaman Sea crisis and its subsequent fallout affected approaches to refugee protection in the Asia-Pacific. It focuses on the multilateral fora and mechanisms deployed to resolve the situation, and whether they have improved the region’s preparedness to respond to such events in the future. It demonstrates that the crisis forced some states to reconsider their roles as ‘transit countries’, recognise displacement and refugees as issues of pressing concern, and reassess the strength of their multilateral cooperation processes. However, many of the commitments made since 2015, unprecedented as they were, remain unfulfilled. Whether the region emerged better prepared to respond to such situations in the future is yet to be seen.Keywords: Rohingya, migration, refugees, cooperation, ASEAN, Bali Proces
Rasionalisasi Sakit dan Penyakit dalam Konstelasi Budaya Minangkabau (Kajian Etnomedisin di Agam dan Tanah Datar)
No full textA medical system whether traditional or modern, is a long chain of processes of humanstrategy for adapting to their ecological bio-cultural environment. Naturally humans developtheir biological ability to sustain their kind and develop many adaptation strategies, creatingmedical systems, behavior, and belief sbased on culture as a natural response to the treat ofillness and disease, even though the result of certain behavior does not guarantee the healingof such illness and disease (Dunn in Foster-Anderson, 1986; p.41). under that circumstances,Minangkabau medical systems are seen as a result of a bio-eco-culturally adapting process.Local Etiology of the disease source is closely related to the logic of its healing. Cosmologicalviews influence public knowledge about the concepts of health, illness, disease, and healingmethods. The definition of health and illness is determined by culture, custom, or traditionand it is not always in agreement with the conditions defined by medical science.Keywords: rationalization of illness and disease; constellation of Minangkabau culture;ethnomedicin