Antropologi Indonesia
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Kegiatan Gotong Royong sebagai Pernyataan Prinsip Dalihan Na Tolu pada Masyarakat Batak Toba
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Kekerabatan sebagai Pranata Sosial yang Mempengaruhi Agency Perlawanan Masyarakat: Studi Kasus Protes Petani terhadap Proyek Pembangunan Irigasi di Sumatra Barat
No full textStudies have shown the importance of identity politics in the ability for small-holders to form a solidarity in a collective action protest against development project. However, those studies do not show how the kinship relations in the context of adat system could shape the agency of small-holder to organize collective resistance against the development project that affects their livelihoods. Although we are not denying the importance of traditional kinship relations in developing solidarity among agrarian communities in Indonesia to carry out a public protest, kinship relations system might also be used by other interest such as government, contractor, and traditional leader for shaping some forms of resistance action. Drawing from ethnographic study of the small-holders protests against a governmental irrigation project in West Sumatera, we attempt to show how social relations in the traditional kinship system have significantly shaped their ability to carry out open public protest and gain collective support. Small-holder ability to act need to be analyzed in the complex power relations dynamic among actors involved who are embedded in the traditional kinship relationships that were practiced. Small-holders agency of resistance was hindered by the government and project contractor strategy to incorporate the key traditional leaders into the project
Makna Kejahatan dan Perilaku Menyimpang dalam Kebudayaan Indonesia
No full textCrime is a social phenomenon that normally occurs in a society. Some of crime and deviant behavior is motivated by social and cultural conditions of local communities. In today society crime is no longer something to be feared or avoided, it is now gaines popularity and more approachable. Crime grows in Indonesian day to day basis in reality. Criminology studies and learns the meaning of criminal behavior in the culture and people of Indonesia, or known as ethnographic study of crime, identifying and inventorying the types of crimes that are inherent in the religion system, language and social organization of local communities in Indonesia. Variety of meaning in discourse of crime and deviant behavior on the cultural history of Indonesia is a unique cultural treasures and can not disappear just like that, it could even be a reference establishment of local culture-based criminal policy.Keyword: Crime, Deviance, Local Culture, Meanin
Kronotop Kontra Politik dan Visualitas Korban dalam Film Dokumenter: Kajian Antropologi Media
No full textThis article is my retrospective account on the making of one of my testimonial documentaries, “Kameng Gampoeng Nyang Keunong Geulawa” (The Village Goat that Takes the Beating, 1999) which was commissioned by a human rights-defender NGO based in Jakarta. The aim was to offer critical views on the Aceh conflict to the Indonesian public. By using chronotopes (Bakhtin, 1981) as the analytical tool, I delineate the way the Indonesian state and its military constituted a dominant view of Aceh as the Other by applying a semiotic model of authoritarian nationalism that circulated in the public sphere. As the counter-politics, I developed particular testimony chronotopes as a strategy to capture victims’ points of view as embodied experience. In my reflection, I argue that instead of producing a complex visuality of the Aceh actors as human beings, my portrayal of the victims had taken on a sustained oppressor-victim binary opposition view which framed victims as the articulation of singular experience. This study contributes to the emerging interest in media anthropology and the study of non-mainstream film genres and independent cinema works
“Kekerasan itu Katarsis dari Patriarki!”: Resistensi pada Kekerasan terhadap Perempuan dalam Praktik Gerakan Sosial Aliansi Laki-laki Baru
No full textThis research examines a movement of men’s participation towards the elimination of violence against women in Indonesia known as, Aliansi Laki-laki Baru (later refer as ALB). Using an ethnographic method, this research shows that ALB –as a social movement– could not be understood as a homogeneous and monolithic entity because of its diverse meanings of violence against women that are perceived by the participants. Furthermore, this research addresses the discourse productions as an act of resistance towards patriarchy and hegemonic masculinity. In this paper, I argue, patriarchy and hegemonic masculinity as the ideology of violence against women that are embodied in cultural violence. In doing so, this article shows the interwoven relationship between social movement’s meaning-making towards the focus of the movement and the resistance and its main cause: patriarchy and hegemonic masculinity in the context of ALB’s social movement practices.Key words: Aliansi Laki-laki Baru, cultural violence, hegemonic masculinity, patriarchy, resistance, social movement, violence against wome
Di antara Kepungan Air di Kota Pekalongan Analisis Produksi Pengetahuan dan Praktik Politik Gerakan Sosial Komunitas Peduli Kali Loji
No full textRuang sebagai produk sosial memuat konstruksi sosial kompleks berdasarkan pemaknaan dan kontestasi kepentingan di dalamnya. Mereka yang terlibat dalam penjejalan makna dan pertarungan kontestasi dalam ruang tidak hanya berasal dari individu atau kelompok yang menghidupi ruang tersebut, tetapi juga berbagai pihak yang merasa memiliki pengalaman, pengetahuan dan imaji mengenai ruang tersebut, termasuk gerakan sosial. Adalah Komunitas Peduli Kali Loji (KPKL) yang kini tengah berperan aktif dalam pembentukan konsepsi terkait ruang yang ideal di Kota Pekalongan. Berawal dari sebuah gerakan lingkungan, KPKL berupaya untuk mentransmisikan pengetahuan yang mereka miliki tentang konsepsi ruang di Kota Pekalongan di tengah isu banjir rob yang merendam empatpuluh persen wilayah Kota. Konsepsi ruang Kota Pekalongan yang ideal didapatkan oleh KPKL melalui pengalaman keruangan para aktor dalam gerakan serta metode penilaian kebutuhan (need assessment) yang mereka lakukan. Berdasarkan dua sumber perolehan pengetahuan tersebut, KPKL lantas bertindak sebagai produsen pengetahuan yang kemudian coba didistribusikan melalui serangkaian praktik politik gerakan. Berangkat dari trialektika konsep lived space (ruang yang dihidupi), conceived space (representasi ruang) dan perceived space (ruang representasional) yang telah melahirkan tempat tersendiri bagi imaji-imaji mengenai ruang yang ideal, tulisan ini berupaya untuk memaparkan keterhubungan antara konteks spasial ruang, warga yang memiliki hajat hidup disana dan “para ahli” yang berupaya mewujudkan konsepsi ruang seperti yang mereka inginkan. Lebih jauh, tulisan ini juga berupaya untuk menguraikan proses produksi pengetahuan tentang konsepsi ruang yang ideal dan praktik politik yang dilakukan oleh gerakan sosial KPKL dalam wangka mewujudkan konsepsi ruang yang ideal di Kota Pekalongan.Kata Kunci: Representasi Ruang, Gerakan Sosial, Pengetahuan, Praktik Politi
Lubang Buaya, Kuburan Para Pahlawan: Abjeksi dalam Historiografi Peristiwa 1 Oktober 1965
No full textNot only explanations about 30th September Movement (G30S) on 1st October 1965 debatable, the following mass murder during late 1965 to 1966 is still far from any clearance either. How that mass murder possible? We may say, following Roosa’s argument, that that mass murder possible because of preceding pretext, that is G30S/PKI. We may also say, following Drakeley’s argument, that that mass murder possible because of current socio-political atmosphere at that time was conducive for its emergence. Nevertheless, both arguments are sufficient to explain how 1965–1966 mass murder possible if only complemented by explanation about “mental mechanism” that worked behind it. That mental mechanism, namely abjection of PKI (Communist), can be revealed through structural inquiry to The Sacred Pancasila Monument complex as a representation and reconstruction of 1st October 1965 historical event. Not only made 1965–1966 mass murder possible, abjection mechanism also legitimized New Order’s historiography about 1st October 1965. Using structural anthropology as paradigm and museum ethnography as research method, this article attempts to explain how the abjection transpired.Keywords: The Sacred Pancasila Monument, Pancasila, PKI, communist, latent danger, abjection
Saung Angklung Udjo: Invensi Tradisi Lokal yang Mendunia
No full textThe globalization of culture presents new challenges for society to be more creative in managing local culture and tradition. The various impact of this globalization might be anticipated if the creative process continues in the community. Through qualitative method, this study examines Saung Angklung Udjo (SAU) as an example of the achievement on the creative process through invention of tradition in developing art traditions. SAU as an invention of tradition strongly associated with the individual agency’s role in responding the reality of the arts tradition through the establishment of angklung workshop. Individual agencies design the social and environmental conditions by creating angklung workshop. This workshop represents the art tradition of angklung as part of Sundanese culture. The ability of individual agents in creating invention of tradition through formalization and ritualization of educational activities, production and angklung performances could be a model for art traditions practitioners to stay creative in facing the challenges of cultural globalization.Keywords: Cultural Globalization, Invention of Tradition, Arts Traditional, Saung Angklung Udj