TORANI: Journal of Fisheries and Marine Science
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Use of Probiotics to Fight Bacterial Populations of Vibrio sp. on Vaname Shrimp Cultivation (Litopenaeus vannamei)
Get PDFThe consequence of super intensive shrimp farming is an increase in aquaculture waste and disease transmission. Vibrio sp. Bacteria is a disease-causing agent in shrimp larvae when the shrimp is in a state of stress and weakness, and can cause death. The application of probiotics, namely beneficial microorganisms can degrade organic matter, reduce disease, and help accelerate the process of nutrient cycles as a consequence of super intensive shrimp farming. Commercial probiotics currently available are a mixture of several types of beneficial microorganisms, namely Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., Nitrosomonas sp., Aerobacter sp., and Nitrobacter sp. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the use of probiotics with different time intervals to produce a decrease in the population of Vibrio sp. The research method applied was the treatment of commercial probiotics at different intervals of three, five, and seven days and without the administration of probiotics as controls. Furthermore, the bacterial population was calculated by total plate count (TPC). The results showed that the administration of probiotics had a significant effect on the decrease in the population of Vibrio sp. Provision of probiotics three days apart showed a decrease in the number of bacterial populations that were significantly different from the controls, but the same as the administration of intervals of five and seven days. The decrease in the number of bacterial populations in the treatment interval of three, five, and seven days in a row is 0.05 x , 0.41 x , and 0.61 x CFU / ml. This study recommends that the use of commercial probiotics intervals of seven days for super intensive vaname shrimp farming. The use of probiotics for three days indicates an impact on the increase in expenditure costs for probiotics. Commercial probiotic studies modified with natural microorganisms are thought to be able to streamline the operational costs of shrimp farming.Keywords: Vibrio sp. bacteria, probiotics, vaname shrimp, super intensive cultivatio
Effectivity of mulberry leaf extract on stimulating ekdisteroid hemolimph content and molting of mud crab (Scylla olivacea)
Get PDFThis study aims to study the performance of phytoecdisteroids from mulberry leaves in molting stimulating of mangrove crabs. The research was carried out at the Research and Development Center for Aquaculture at the Faculty of Marine Sciences and Fisheries at Hasanuddin University, located in Bojo Village, Mallusetasi District, Barru Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Mangrove crabs (Scylla olivacea) weighing 45-55 g and carapace widths 60-65 mm were used as test animals. There were five doses of mulberry leaf extract applied through feed, namely: A) 1.1 mg / g feed, B) 1.9 mg / g feed, C) 2.7 mg / g feed, D) 3.5 mg / g feed. Crabs were kept individually in plastic boxes that are floated above the surface of the pond. During rearing, crabs are fed 3% dry fish per day which has been enriched with mulberry leaf extract. The parameters observed were ecdysteroid compounds contained in mulberry leaf extract, ecdysteroid content in hemolymph before and after application of mulberry leaf extract, and molting percentage. Identification of the ekdisteroid compounds contained in mulberry leaf extract was carried out using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and Measurement of the content of ecdysteroids in crab hemolymh was carried out using Ultra Fast Liquid Chromatography (UFLC). The results showed that the 3.5 mg dose of mulberry leaf extract / g feed gave the highest increase in ecdysteroid hemolymph, which was approximately 1760 ekdisteroid per mL hemolimph, while the dose of 1.1 mg / g feed only provided an increase of 100 ng ekdisteroid per mL hemolymph. The higher the dose of mulberry leaf extract in the feed, the higher the increase in the concentration of hemolymph ecdysteroids, but the high concentration of ecdystoid in the hemolymph does not guarantee molting. The optimal dose of mulberry leaf extract in the feed stimulating molting was 2.4 mg / g of feed.Keywords: mulberry, phytoecdysteroid, molting, crab, aquacultur
Analisis Efektivitas Dan Efisiensi Tata Kelola Tempat Pelelangan Ikan Dalam Mendukung Sistem Logistik Ikan Di Kota Makassar (Studi Kasus Ppi Paotere Kota Makassar)
Get PDF Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis tingkat kepuasan pengguna pelelangan serta kinerja pengelolaan TPIyang mendukung efektivitas dan efisisensi system logistic ikan nasional di Sulawesi Selatan dengan mengambilkasus di PPI Paotere Kota Makassar. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi kasus. Analisis data menggunakananalisis deskriptif. Kepuasan pengguna pelelangan menggunakan analisis Importance and Performance Analysis(IPA), sementara ukuran kinerja pengelolaan TPI dari segi ekonomi dan efisiensi menggunakan analisis value formoney . Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepuasan pengguna pelelangan masih berada di bawah kriteria puas.Kepuasan pedagang berada pada kriteria cukup puas. Untuk Kinerja tempat pelelangan ikan di PPI Paotere secarakeseluruhan dinilai cukup ekonomis dari segi input dengan capaian nilai kinerja input sebesar 86%, sedangkankinerja pengelolaan TPI dinilai tidak efisien dengan nilai kinerja 123% sehingga sangat mempengaruhi kinerjakomponen distribusi dalam sistim logistic ikan. Integrasi dari empat komponen SLIN di PPI Paotere yaitu;pengadaan, penyimpanan, trasportasi dan distribusi belum berada dalam tata kelola integrative yang efisien dalamsatu system sehingga mekanisme tata kelola sisteim logistic yang terjadi tidak saling mendukung satu sama lain.Kata kunci : Tata kelola, kinerja, TPI, sistem logistik, perikana
Macrozoobenthic Community in Different Mangrove Condition: Relation with Chemical-Physical Sediment Characteristics
Get PDFThe existence of mangrove in coast areas have both ecologic and physical important functions. Mangrove is a high productive ecosystem. Litters from fallen leaves and twigs are organic sources for macrozoobenthic life. The aim of this research was to determine the response of macrozoobenthics on total organic matter content and other chemical-physico characters of sediments due to differences in mangrove conditions. This research was conducted from May to September 2016 in Sub-district of Ampallas, Distric of Mamuju, Province of West Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sediments in 20 cm2 transects were collected using small shovel to obtain the macrozoobenthic samples. The sediments contained macrozoobenthics were sieved using a 1 mm mesh size sieve net. Four sampling sites were chosen, each to represent areas with no mangroves, low, medium, and high densities. The total of organic matter samples were collected using 2 inch diameter of PVC pipe cores, which were analyzed further using Loss by Ignition method. Besides total of organic matter, several parameters (i.e. redox potential, sediment pH, salinity, temperature, and dissolved oxygen) were measured. The results showed that gastropods dominated the existed macrozoobenthics. Gastropods and oligochaete lived in greater amounts in high mangrove density site with higher organic matter content and fine substrate.Keywords: mangroves, macrozoobenthics, organic matter, Distric of Mamuju
Economic Valuation of Mangrove Forest Ecosystem in Sinjai
Get PDFThis study aims to identify the type and function of ecosystems of mangrove forests, in Sinjai district and calculate the total economic value of mangrove ecosystems. The analytical method used is economic valuation and willingness to pay community. The results showed that species dominating Rhyzopora sp, Avicennia sp Sonneratia sp and Bruguera sp. The direct benefits to the community from mangrove forest in the area of research are firewood, nipa roof, fish and crabs and bats with economic value of Rp 8,598,020,500 with average value per ha 11,343,117. Indirect value consists of wave breaks of Rp 4,480,000,000 or Rp 448,000,000 / year with an estimated life of the building for 10 years and a carbon sequestration benefit of Rp 153,495,000 a year. Benefit value of Rp203, 250 per ha. The result is multiplied by the total area of the existing mangrove forest ecosystem of 758 Ha, with a total value of biodiversity benefits of Rp 154,063,500 per year. The value of the existence benefit of RP 446,260 ha / yr. With a total area of 758 mangroves, the total benefit of the existence of mangrove ecosystems in Kabupatem Sinjai amounted to Rp 338,265,080 / year. The economic benefit value of Total mangrove sinjai is Rp 13,723,844,080 while the total benefit value per ha is Rp 22,816,656 per year.Keywords: Bennefit economic, Mangrove ecosystem, economic valuaition, Sinja
Effects of Dosage of Mix.Microorganisms in Feed Raw Materials Fermentation Containing Sargassum sp. on Growth Performance, Chemical Body Composition and Hepatosomatic Index of Milkfish, Chanos chanos Forsskal
Get PDFMixed microorganisms consist of bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and molds that produce important enzymes to ferment raw materials, thereby increasing the nutrient content of milkfish feed. This study aims to examine various doses of mix. microorganisms fermented raw materials on growth performance, chemical composition of the body, and hepatosomatic index of milkfish. Milkfish weighing 28.40 ± 0.11 g is kept in hapa of 1 m3 and placed on brackish water ponds. The test feed contains Sargassum sp. and formulated from raw materials fermented with mix. microorganism (control, 10, 15 and 20 mL / 100 g). The experimental results show the relative growth rate (%) and the growth of biomass (g) of milkfish fed with fermented feedstock with a dose of 10 mL / 100 g (122.77 ± 3.00%, and 522.05 ± 12.19 g ), the real feed is higher than the other dose. The fat content, crude fiber, and energy of test fish fed with fermented feedstock with 10, 15, and 20 mL / 100 g doses were significantly lower, while the hepatosomatic index was significantly higher than the control. (91.11-97,78%), protein content and NFE or Nitrogen Free Extracts (66.81 ± 0.41 72.33 ± 0.28% and 0.88 ± 0.38- 2.24 ± 0.92%), hepatic and muscle glycogen (7.16 ± 0.25-7.3 ± 0.31 mg / g and 6.16 ± 0.16, 6.51 ± 0.35 mg / g) were the same in all treatments. Thus, a dose of 10 mL / 100 g feed ingredients is the best dose in fermenting feed ingredients.Keywords: fermentation, milkfish, mix. microorganism, artificial feed, Sargassum sp
Distribution and Contamination Status of Heavy Metals in the Surface Sediments along Western Coast of Bali Strait, Banyuwangi
Get PDFThis study attempted to analyze the distribution and contamination status of heavy metals (Cu, Fe and Zn) along western coast of Bali Strait in Banyuwangi, East Java. Bali Strait is one of the many straits in Indonesia with high fisheries activities that could potentially contributed to high heavy metal pollution. There were five sampling areas from the north to south: Pantai Watu Dodol, Pantai Kalipuro, Ketapang Port, Pantai Boom and Muncar as the fish landing area. Heavy metal pollution in these locations comes from many different activities such as tourism, fish capture and fish industry and also domestic activities. Contamination factor (CF), geo-accumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF) of each heavy metal were calculated to obtain contamination status of the research area. The concentrations of Fe were observed the highest (1.5-129.9 mg/kg) followed by Zn (13.2-23.5 mg/kg) and Cu (2.2-7.8 mg/kg). The distribution of Cu, Fe and Zn showed variability among the sampling locations in which high concentrations of Cu and Zn were higher in Ketapang Port, whereas high concentration of Fe was high in almost all sampling locations. According to the pollution index, contamination factors of Cu, Fe and Zn were low (CF < 1 and Igeo < 1). However, high index of EF (> 50) showed high influence of the anthropogenic activities to the contribution of the metals to the environment. This could also because of the high background value used in the calculation of the index due to the difficulties in finding background value from the sampling areas.Keywords: heavy metals, pollution index, contamination factor, geo-accumulation index, Bali Strai
Identifikasi Ektoparasit Pada Ikan Koi (Cyprinus carpio) Di Makassar
No full text Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi ektoparasit pada ikan mas koi (Cyrinus carpio) di Makassar. Penelitiandilakukan dengan pengambilan sampel sebanyak tiga kali di bulan April hingga Mei 2017. Sampel ikandimasukkan ke dalam kantong plastik yang telah diisi dengan oksigen. Jumlah sampel adalah 45 ikan denganpanjang 5,5-11,8 cm dan berat 5,12 – 13,2 g. Identifikasi parasit dan penghitungan jumlah parasit dilakukan diLaboratorium Parasit dan Penyakit Ikan, Departemen Perikanan, Fakultas Ilmu Kelautan dan PerikananUniversitas Hasanuddin. Data dianlaisis secara deskriptif. Serangan ektoparasit menyerang ikan koi di bagianinsang yakni 34,21%, sirip dorsal 34,21%, dan pada mukus mengandung 31,58%.Kata kunci : ektoparasit, identifikasi, ikan ko
Karakteristik Jaringan Secara Histologi dari Strain Rumput Laut (Kappaphycus alvarezii) yang Terinfeksi Penyakit Ice-Ice
Get PDF Salah satu yang menyebabkan kegagalan budidaya rumput laut Kappaphycus alvarezii yaitu terserangnya penyakitice – ice . Penyakit ice-ice merupakan penyakit yang umum terjadi pada rumput laut kappaphycus dengan gejalaterjadinya pemutihan pada bagian thallus dan penyakit ini dapat menyebabkan kematian massal pada produksirumput laut kappaphycus alvarezii . Salah satu cara yang dapat dilakukan untuk menganalisa bagian thallus rumputlaut Kappaphycus alvarezii yaitu uji histopatologi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perubahan bentuksel pada kondisi jaringan thallus rumput laut K.alvarezii yang terserang penyakit ice- ice menggunakan metodehistopatologi. Pengambilan sampel rumput laut yang digunakan jenis Kappaphycus alvarezii varietas coklat danhijau dengan 1 titik masing – masing varietas. Sampel rumput laut terdiri atas 2 sampel yaitu bagian thallus yangterserang penyakit ice-ice dan bagian thallus tanpa gejala ice-ice . Sampel berumur 15 hari. Sampel yang dipilihuntuk pemeriksaan, dipotong setebal 0,5 - 1 cm. Sampel dimasukkan kedalam botol sampel untuk difiksasi ± 1minggu, yang berisi formalin 10%.Tahapan pembuatan preparat histopatologi terdiri atas fiksaksi, dehidrasi,clearing , impregnasi , embedding , cutting , staining , dan pemeriksaan dibawah mikroskop. Penelitian ini dianalisissecara dekskriptif kualitatif dengan melakukan pengamatan gambar histopatologi pada jaringan rumput laut K.alvarezii . Jaringan thallus yang yang terserang penyakit ice-ice mengalami perubahan bentuk sel, bagian lapisanluar terlihat tidak utuh, hancur, sehingga mengalami kematian sel dan bagian korteks dalam dinding sel terlihattidak teratur dan renggang, tidak terbentuk bulat atau lonjong, sebagian sel mengecil. Jaringan thallus yang tidaknormal mengalami gejala Hipoplastik (terhambatnya atau terhentinya pertumbuhan sel) dan Nekrotik (kematiansel).Kata kunci : Kappaphycus alvarezii, penyakit ice – ice, Histopatologi, Hipoplastik, Nekroti
Kemana produktivitas daun lamun mengalir?
Get PDF Lamun merupakan tumbuhan tingkat tinggi yang hidup di laut dangkal. Sebagai tumbuhan, lamun berperansebagai produser primer yang memberikan kontribusi bagi biota laut maupun ekosistem lainnya. Hasil produksiprimer dari lamun akan masuk ke beberapa kompartemen. Namun berapa besar aliran produksi tersebut ke tiapkompartemen masih menjadi pertanyaan. Penelitian bertujuan untuk melihat berapa besar hasil produksi daunlamun yang dialirkan ke kompartemen lain. Penelitian dilakukan di Pulau Barranglompo Makassar selama 4periode yang mewaikili musim hujan, peralihan I, musim kemarau dan peralihan II. Penelitian dilakukanmelalui beberapa tahap, yaitu (1) mengestimasi produktivitas daun lamun, (2) mengestimasi stok karbon daunlamun, (3) mengestimasi besarnya grazing daun lamun oleh bulu babi dan herbivora lain, (4) mengestimasibesarnya produksi serasah daun lamun, baik yang tenggelam di dasar maupun yang terbawa keluar dariekosistem lamun. Hasil penelitian menujukkan total karbon yang dialirkan ke kompartemen lain mencapai2,20% dari stok karbon daun atau setara 81,8% dari produktivitas daun. Aliran produksi melalui serasah yangmelayang sebesar 0,59% dari stok karbon (setara 22,0% dari produktivitas daun), serasah tenggelam 1,36% daristok karbon (setara 50,6% dari produktivitas daun), grazing bulu babi 0,04% dari stok karbon (setara 1,4% dariproduktivitas daun) dan grazing oleh herbivora lain 0,21% dari stok karbon (setara 7,9% dari produktivitasdaun). Dalam konteks aliran produksi, hasil produksi primer lamun paling banyak berkontribusi dalam ekosistemlamun sendiri sebagai serasah, bisa dimanfaatkan oleh detritivore sebagai makanan, terdekomposisi sebagaiunsur hara, atau terkubur sebagai cadangan karbon. Hanya sebagian kecil produksi primer dimanfaatkan secaralangsung oleh herbivora.Kata kunci : produktivitas daun lamun, aliran produksi daun lamun, grazing lamun, serasah lamu