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Effects of Mesophilic and Thermophilic Temperature Condition to Biogas Production (Methane) from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) with Cow Manures
Full text linkBiogas is an environmentally friendly renewable energy source. Biogas can be used using Palm Oil Mill Effluents (POME). However, the % yield of biogas productivity is still not optimum due to the low conversion. The biogas productivity can be optimized by adding methanogen bacteria which increase the methane production through the anaerobic fermentation process. This study aims to utilize cow manures as the source of methanogen bacteria in methane production from POME. Furthermore, this study specifically aims to obtain the optimum productivity condition of biogas production by the composition ratio of POME and cow manures to the amount of fermentation time at 35oC and 50oC for mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria, respectively. The ratio of POME and cow mature were A1 (100:0), A2 (80:20), A3 (70:30), A4 (60:40), and A5 (0:100). The highest yield of biogas production was A2 ratio using the thermophilic condition which showed 51.33% mol with the total solid decline of 73.43%, COD removal of 77.01%, and BOD removal of 70.02%. 
Potential of Anabaena Azollae Extract as Antimicrobial Agent For Paddy Crop Disease
Full text linkThe research objective was to test antimicrobial activity from compound produced by A. azollae which symbiosis with Azolla sp. toward microbial test of X. oryzae and Pyricularia oryzae as cause of disease on paddy crop. Sampling of Azolla which symbiosis with A. azollae was done in Azolla cultivation pond at Faculty of Agriculture, Sriwijaya University. The available Azolla was consisted of two types, i.e. Azolla pinnata and Azolla mycrophiylla. The extraction of A. azollae from Azolla leaves was done by method of Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE) using ethyl ester solvent and maseration method using methanol solvent. Test media for bacteria and fungus respectively are Mueller Hilton Agar (MHA) and Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA). The diameter of produced clear zone is an indication of extract’s inhibitory power toward bacteria or fungus. The different of inhibitory zone diameter is compared by using t-test. Analysis of active compounds on Anabaena azollae extract was done by using HPLC. Ethyl acetate or methanol extract of A. azollae which symbiosis with A. pinnata or A. microphylla was capable to inhibit the growth of X. oryzae bacterium and P. oryzae fungus. The dominant compounds containing within extract with probability more than 60% and area of more than 10% are consisted of phytol, hexadecanoate acid and 2-(tert-butyl)-4,6-dimethyl phenol
Diversity of Cu and Total Cr Metals in Surface Water and Sludge of Textile Wastewater from Tuan Kentang Village Seberang Ulu I Sub District Palembang
Full text linkNowadays, the production of rainbow fabric as a traditional fabric of Palembang city has been grown rapidly. Commonly, the wastewater as the by-product of rainbow fabric production is discharged directly to domestic channels without any previous wastewater treatment. This research was aimed to evaluate the presence of Cu and total Cr heavy metal in the area of rainbow fabric industrial center in Tuan Kentang Village, Sebrang Ulu I Sub Distric, Palembang. The Cu and total Cr polluted in the collected wastewater sample was analyzed by using atomic absorption spectrometry method with wet destruction technique. The results indicated that the area of Tuan Kentang villages is contributing metal contaminants distribution and accumulation to nature
Adsorption of Cobalt (II) on Layered Double Hydroxides (Mg/Al and Ca/Al) In Aqueous Medium : Kinetic and Thermodynamic Aspect
Full text linkLayered double hydroxides Mg/Al and Ca/Al has been synthesized by co-precipitation method with molar ratio M2+:M3+ (3:1) at pH 10. The synthesized materials were characterized by XRD and FTIR. The materials were used as adsorbent for the removal Cobalt (II) in aqueous solution. The adsorption experiments were studied through some variables adsorption such as variation of contact time, variation of temperature and variation of initial concentration. Kinetic parameters was obtained from variation of contact time. Data was analyzed by pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetics models in linear analyses. The kinetic studies showed that the adsorption process more fitted by pseudo-second-order than pseudo-first-order based on coefficient correlation. Isotherm parameters was calculated using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models. The adsorption process was spontaneous and endothermic
Polystyrene Plastic Waste Conversion into Liquid Fuel with Catalytic Cracking Process Using Al2O3 as Catalyst
Full text linkThe increase in energy consumption and an increase in the plastic waste generation are two major problems that arise along with economic growth and the increase in population. Styrofoam is one type of polystyrene plastic waste that can be processed into liquid fuels by cracking process. In this study, the cracking process of polystyrene plastic waste into liquid fuel carried by the catalytic cracking process using Al2O3 as a catalyst. This study aimed to determine the effect of the catalyst weight, length of cracking time and range of temperature in the catalytic cracking process of polystyrene plastic waste into liquid fuel toward the mass and characteristics of liquid fuels produced and to determine the composition of liquid fuels produced. The catalytic cracking process of polystyrene plastic waste with catalyst was done in the fixed bed type reactor by heating the reactor with a heater, where the process took place at temperature of 150°C, 200°C, 250°C and 300°C and the length of the process was varied into 20, 40, and 60 minutes and the catalyst weight was also varied, which were 4%, 6% and 8%, while the styrofoam weight was 250 grams. From the research, the highest mass of liquid fuel derived from polystyrene catalytic cracking process was in the amount of 48.8 grams and liquid yield percentage of 19.5% at temperature of 250°C, cracking time of 60 minutes and weight of 8% catalyst, while the characteristics of liquid fuel that were approaching the characteristics of gasoline was at temperatures of 250°C, cracking time of 60 minutes and weight of 6% catalyst, in which each value of density of 0.763 g/ml, specific gravity of 0.778 and oAPI gravity of 50.2. While other liquid fuels obtained from the cracking of polystyrene were still within the tolerance range characteristic properties of gasoline. Liquid fuels produced from the catalytic cracking process was analyzed using a GC-MS, in which the analysis results indicated that liquid fuels were included in the gasoline fraction
Correlation Among Education, Knowledge, And Economics Of Mother Toward Antipyretic Drug Usage For Toddler In Kangkung Village OKUT Sumsel 2017
Full text linkFever is a symptom mostly happen with all diseases which condition shows elevated body temperature above normal (38°C) that are common among toddler. Handling fever using antipyretics should be considered related to the rationale of its use. Rationality aspect which include indication accuracy, precision of medicine, patient accuracy, dosage accuracy and precision of administration, and as well as alert to side effects. Handling fever in toddlers is very dependent on the role of parents especially mother. Different maternal education, knowledge, and economics will result in the rationale of the use of different antipyretic drugs. This study aimed to investigate whether there is relation among education, knowledge, and economics of mother toward antipyretic drug usage for toddler in Kangkung Village OKUT SUMSEL 2017 by using cross sectional design. The sample was collected using simple random sampling to get 47 samples which fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The data were collected by interview based on questionnaire and analyzed by Chi-Square test using SPSS® version 23.0. The data presented descriptively showed most of the respondents were highly educated (66%), high knowledge (61.7%), and low economic level (93.6%) and the rational use of antipyretic for toddler were 100% for appropriate drug indication, precision of medicine, patient appropriateness, and alert for side effects, as well as 31.9% dosage precision and mode of administration. The result of Chi-Square test showed that the p value for education level (p >0.05) and economic level (p >0.05) had no significant correlation, meanwhile the knowledge level (p <0.05) showed significant different to the rational use of antipyretic for toddler. It can be concluded that the knowledge toward of mother affect the rational use of antipyretic for toddler in Kangkung village OKUT regency SUMSEL 2017
Bioremediation of Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE) Wastes using Lipolitic Bacteria (Bacillus cereus) with Variation of Inoculum Volume
Full text linkSpent bleaching earth (SBE) is a solid waste was generated from the CPO refining step into cooking oil. SBE that was discharged directly into the environment has the potential to pollute the environment, because in the SBE waste contained oil and acid residues, which are easily to be oxidized and flammable. Therefore, SBE must be processed first before being discharged into the environment. One way to manage SBE is by bioremediation. Bioremediation is a method on cleaning the environment from contaminants by using biological agents, such as bacteria, fungi etc. The bacterial isolates used in this study were Bacillus cereus. This study aims to obtain the best inoculum and to know the ability of Bacillus cereus bacteria in degrading the oil content in SBE waste. This study used Completely Randomized Design with the volume of Bacillus cereus bacteria inoculum as a treatment, consisting of 6 treatment levels of 0 mL kg-1, 25 mL kg-1, 50 mL kg-1, 75 mL kg-1, 100 mL kg-1, 125 mL kg-1. Each treatment level was repeated 3 times, so taht 18 experimental units were obtained. Observation was done once a week, in a month. Parameters observed were bacterial population, percentage of oil degradation, and oil content degradation. The best treatment result for the bacterial population was obtained at the treatment of 100 mL kg-1, at week 4 which was 7,4 x 108 cfu g-1, and for the oil degradation was obtained at 50 mL kg-1 on the treatment at week 4 as big as 90,43%
Comparison Analysis of CBR Value Enhancement of Soil Type in Swamp Area by Addition of Fly Ash
Full text linkRoads was built on swamp areas should be consider the condition of the base soil, since the characteristics of the soil in swamp areas have always inundated and have a low soil carrying capacity (Subagyo, 2006). One of effort that could be done to improve the existing soil condition was used fly ash as a material for soil stabilization (Indera et al, 2016; Mina et al, 2016). This study was conducted to analyze the enhancement of CBR value on various soil types in swamp area by the addition of fly ash. Testing on the values of index properties, compaction, and CBR values was done in laboratory base on ASTM and AASHTO standars. The test results show that the type of soil at the location of the sampling is silty or clay gravel and sand, clay soil, and silty soil. The reduction of optimum water content after the addition of fly ash is the highest decrease of 20.92%. While the highest increase of dry content weight after the addition of fly ash was 0.904 gr / cm3. An enhancement in the value of CBR by the addition of 20% fly ash in the study area, however the increase magnitude depends on the existing soil types, ie 7.99% in the silty or clay gravel and sand, 6 - 8% in the clay soil and 0,22 - 5% on silty soil. This indicates that the addition of fly ash was the optimum used on the type of clay soil