Indonesian Journal of Pharmacy
Not a member yet
378 research outputs found
Sort by
The Characteristic, Antibacterial Activities, and Hydrogel Formulation of Nanosilver Biosynthesis using Curcuma longa L. Juice
No full textTurmeric juice contains of aldehyde groups as bioreductor. Silver ion can be done as nanosilver by green synthesis method using plant extracts. Biosynthesis nanosilver can induce the antibacterial activity. Nanosilver then developed for topical product to treat acnes. The aims of this study are to determine the characteristics and antibacterial activity of nanosilver and the effect of it is concentration on the physical and chemical properties of gel. Nanosilver biosynthesis was prepared by mixing turmeric juice and AgNO3 solution for 24 hours at 25 ºC, then analyzed. Gel is made in variations concentration of nanosilver. Gel was evaluated including pH, viscosity, and dispersibility test during storage for 12 days at 25 ºC. Nanosilver biosynthesis with ratio of 5:38 mL was the best formula with absorption peak at 407 nm, round shape, particle size of 17.96 nm, and has broad spectrum antibacterial activity with strong category. FTIR spectra showed exist of interaction with spesific peaks. The concentration of nanosilver can affect to physical and chemical properties of gel, but all formulas meet the requirements and did not significantly change during 12 days at 25 ºC
Synthesis and High Antioxidant Activity of C-Alkyl Calix[4]resorcinarene and C-Alkyl Calix[4]pyrogallolarene Derivatives
Get PDFIn the present work, we reported a successful synthesis and high antioxidant activity of C-alkylcalix[4]resorcinarene and C-alkylcalix[4]pyrogallolarene derivatives. The C-alkylcalix[4]resorcinarenes were prepared from a cyclization reaction of resorcinol and either pentanaldehyde or octanaldehyde in acidic condition. Meanwhile, the C-alkylcalix[4]pyrogallolarenes were prepared from a cyclization reaction of pyrogallol with pentanaldehyde or octanaldehyde. Four synthesized products, i.e. nBu-CR, nHep-CR, nBu-CP, and nHep-CP, were successfully prepared in 92.4-96.4% yield. The chemical structure of these products was elucidated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), and proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) analysis. The antioxidant activity assay of these compounds was evaluated through an in vitro assay employing 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radicals. From the DPPH assay, it was found that the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of nBu-CR, nHep-CR, nBu-CP, and nHep-CP compounds were 25.1, 22.9, 11.5, and 21.9 µg mL-1, respectively. The IC50 value of the synthesized compounds was 2.0-4.3 times lower than the IC50 value of butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) as the positive standard (49.9 µg mL-1), which is remarkable. This finding demonstrates that either C-alkylcalix[4]resorcinarenes or C-alkylcalix[4]pyrogallolarenes are better antioxidant agents than BHT. The nHep-CR compound was found as the best antioxidant agent from the other compounds due to weaker intramolecular and intermolecular hydrogen bonding as well as longer alkyl chain
Traditional Use, Phytochemical Composition, and Biological Activities of Sonchus arvensis
Get PDFMedicinal plants are now widely used for various purposes, such as preventing and treating diseases. One of the medicinal plants widely used as traditional medicines and already commercialized is Sonchus arvensis, known as show thistle and tempuyung in Indonesia. This mini-review will highlight information about traditional uses, phytochemical compounds, and biological activities of S. arvensis to increase our knowledge and understanding of this plant. We prepared this mini-review by finding sources of information in several scientific paper databases. As a traditional medicine, S. arvensis could be consumed to cure or prevent diseases. Secondary metabolites present in S. arvensis such as alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and terpenoids are responsible for some biological activities of S. arvensis, such as antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antihypertensive, antihyperuricemic, and antidiabetic activities
Investigation of the Possible Toxicological Effects of Paracetamol on Lung in the Trimesters; An Experimental Study
Get PDFParacetamol (PAR) is an analgesic and antipyretic drug that is frequently used during pregnancy in many countries of the world. Although the fetal and maternal effects of toxic or long-term therapeutic doses used during pregnancy are known, the data on fetal effects during trimesters are insufficient. In this study, the possible effects of PAR exposure on both maternal and fetal tissues were investigated during pregnancy and in different trimester periods. Pregnant rats were exposed to different doses of PAR (low dose: 50 mg/kg and high dose: 500 mg/kg) in first trimester (1-7th days), second trimester (8-14th days) and third trimester (15-21st days) of pregnancy. On the 21st day, fetuses were removed by cesarean section under anesthesia. Maternal and fetal lung tissues samples were taken for biochemical analysis. PAR exposure decreased antioxidants levels and increased oxidative stress parameters levels in maternal and infant lung tissues. TBARS and TOS values increased compared to the control group, and it was statistically significant in all groups except the 1LD group (p <0.05). SOD, CAT, GPX, TAS, and GSH parameters decreased compared to the control group, which was statistically significant in maternal lungs (p <0.05). In infant lungs, it was also statistically significant for all groups in SOD, CAT, and TAS parameters. This experimental study demonstrates that exposure to PAR during pregnancy caused toxic damage to both maternal and fetal lung organs, especially in long-term usage during pregnancy, and in the third trimester
Green Technology On The Virgin Coconut Oil Production Using Enzyme From Pineapple Waste
Get PDFVirgin coconut oil (VCO) is widely used for the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. The high lauric acid content is very beneficial in the pharmaceutical field, such as for antiviral and antibiotic. Also, this VCO is very useful for cosmetic formulation. VCO production can be done by several methods, which are chemical, physical, and enzymatic methods. By the increase of VCO demand at the national and international levels, this study proceeded with the production of VCO using an enzymatic way that was efficiently conducted and environmentally friendly. The purpose of this research is to study the enzymatic process of VCO production by using pineapple waste, including pineapple crowns, pineapple fruit skins, pineapple leaves, and pineapple trunks. The pineapple waste used contains the enzyme bromelain to break down protein emulator in coconut milk cream. From the number of experiments with variations in substrate volume and temperature, the optimal VCO formation was obtained at 50oC with the ratio between the substrate and enzyme material was 9 to 1. The quality of VCO was evaluated as water content, free fatty acid concentration, and saponification numbers. Based on the evaluation results, the quality of VCO produced was similar to the standard of APCC, SNI, and Codex
Budget Impact Analysis of Sacubitril Valsartan in the Treatment of Heart Failure and Reduced Ejection Fraction (HFrEF) in Indonesia
Get PDFBased on PARADIGM-HF Clinical Trials, LCZ696 a dual-acting sodium supramolecular complex currently known as sacubitril/valsartan was superior to enalapril in reducing the risks of death and hospitalization for heart failure (HF) in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF). This analysis aimed to estimate the budget impact of sacubitril/valsartan in the treatment of HFrEF in Indonesia setting. A budget impact model estimated the impact with and without use of sacubitril/valsartan for a 5-year horizon (2020 – 2024). The local data inputted in the model were including age prevalence rates, drugs costs, HF hospitalization cost, and adverse events costs. The drug cost calculation of sacubitril/valsartan was from regular price, while drugs costs of standard care were mostly coming from e-catalogue price which was reimbursement cost. The budget impact was estimated from the difference budget in which the target population is treated with the current therapy (without sacubitril/valsartan) and the future scenario in which the target population is treated with sacubitril/valsartan based on a market penetration rate of 6%, 12%, 18%, 24%, and 31% in the first, second, third, fourth and fifth years, respectively. Given the number of patients eligible for treatment was estimated as 86,594 in the first year and assumption of annual increase of HF prevalence was 1.1% based on population growth, about 1,350 deaths and 3,512 hospitalizations may be avoided over 5 years. The scenario of implementing sacubitril/valsartan for HF treatment had an impact of additional budget of 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% over 5-year horizon compared to current therapy strategy and cumulative budget impact as IDR 735 Billion over 5 years. This analysis provides an estimation of the impact of sacubitril/valsartan application in the treatment of patients with HF and reduced ejection fraction as input for Indonesia healthcare payer in implementing the strategy for HF treatment. 
Efficacy of the Hibiscus surattensis L. Leaves Active Fraction in Reducing the Levels of HbA1c, AGEs, and Glucose Uptake in Muscle Cells of Diabetic Type 2 Model Rat
Get PDFHibiscus surattensis L. is a traditional medicinal plant often used for diabetes treatment in Indonesia, especially in Central Sulawesi. The leaves contain mainly kaempferol, morine, and trifolin which have various pharmacological effects, including high antioxidant properties and the potential to increase insulin secretion. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the efficacy of the Hibiscus surattensis L. leaves (HSL) active fraction in reducing the levels of HbA1c, AGEs, and GLUT-4 expression in the muscle tissue of rat model with type 2 diabetes mellitus using a high-fat and fructose diet of 1.8 g/kg BW (HFD/HF) for 8 weeks. A total of 20 male rats were randomly assigned into four groups namely (1) normal control diet with standard rat chow; (2) negative control with HFD/HF diet; (3) treatment group with metformin 100 mg/kg BW as standard; (4) treatment group given HSL active fraction (FEA) 50 mg/kg BW. All treatments were given orally for 21 days and the data were analyzed by ANOVA and continued with the LSD post hoc test. HFD/HF induction significantly increased the HbA1c and AGEs levels 3.5 times and 1.88 times higher than the normal control group. Moreover, the treatments significantly reduced (p<0.05) HbA1c and AGEs levels compared to the negative control on day 21. Blood HbA1C levels with FEA treatment decreased by 56.4%, while AGEs reduced by 54.7%. GLUT 4 expression in the muscle tissue was significantly different from the negative control with p<0.05. The results also indicate that the administration of FEA had an antidiabetic effect by reducing the levels of HbA1C and AGEs along with other potentially beneficial effects on the treatment of type 2 DM with the probable mechanism of targeting GLUT4 glucose transporter by increasing its translocation and expression
Curcumin Analogues as Novel Anti-Alzheimer's Candidates: Synthesis Development Strategy, In Vitro, Cell-Based and In Vivo Studies
Get PDFAlzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurological illness that causes a wide range of cognitive symptoms linked to amyloid plaque deposition, neurofibrillary tangles, oxidative stress, and neuron death in the whole brain. Curcumin has shown promising efficacy in preclinical studies for AD treatment. However, it failed to exhibit expected clinical outcomes in clinical studies. Besides, this molecule has low stability, solubility, and bioavailability properties. Hence, scientists have synthesized several curcumin analogues to improve their bioavailability and biological activity. The purpose of this narrative review is to discuss the development of curcumin analogue synthesis published in 2016-2021 and its efficacy that reveals its effect as an anti-Alzheimer's candidate through in vitro, cell-based and in vivo studies. Pubmed and Scopus database search engine with the keywords "curcumin" AND "analogues" OR "analogs" AND "Alzheimer's" were used to find the relevant studies. In our review, we include sixteen eligible journal articles to discuss. Fifteen curcumin analogues exhibited promise efficacy in preclinical studies and are suitable for development as anti-Alzheimer's candidates. Further study should explore to confirm the curcumin analogues toxicity, develop an appropriate dosage form, and initiate clinical trials
Pre-Hospital and In-Hospital Delay in Acute Ischemic Stroke Patients in Indonesia: A Multi-center Study
Get PDFIntroduction: Little is known regarding pre-hospital and in-hospital delays in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients in Indonesia. This study aimed to evaluate the nature of these delays and identify factors causing pre-hospital delays among AIS patients in Indonesia. Methods: This was a prospective, observational study conducted among adult AIS patients in 3 hospitals in Surabaya during March–August 2019. Baseline characteristics along with time intervals both pre- and post-arrival of patients to the study sites were collected and analysed. Multiple logistic regression analyses with a stepwise forward model were performed to evaluate the factors contributing to the pre-hospital delay. Results: A total of 126 patients were recruited in this study. Mean age ± S.D. was 58.56 ± 10.71 years old. The mean ± S.D. time of pre-hospital delay and mean ± S.D. time to computerized tomography scan were 1,004±1,116.09 and 189±166.44 minutes, respectively. Only 18 out of 126 patients (14.29%) presented to the hospitals within 4.5-hour of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) time window. However, only 3 patients (2.38%) ultimately received IVT. Wake-up stroke (OR=17.865; p=0.019), unawareness of the gravity of symptoms (OR=11.025; p=0.007), unawareness of stroke symptoms (OR=7.880; p=0.003) and referral patient (OR=7.819; p=0.008) were significantly associated with pre-hospital delay. Conclusion: Pre-hospital delay of AIS was very common and represented a challenging problem to improve stroke care in Indonesia. Wake-up stroke along with lack of patient understanding in recognizing stroke symptoms and ineffective referral system were the most prominent risk factors for pre-hospital delay in Indonesian AIS patients
Management of Y-Site Incompatibility of Intravenous Medication: A Scoping Review
Get PDFPatients in intensive care units have a critical problem with Intravenous (IC) drug administration. The effort to decrease incompatibility or manage the incompatibility risks is paramount significant to reduce morbidity and mortality. This review collates all published studies about kinds of approaches to prevent or solve y-site incompatibility, evaluate the effectiveness of those approaches, and provide the recommendation. A scoping review was conducted in PUBMED in a time frame 1 Januari 2010- 28 February 2021. All type studies of randomised controlled trials, observational studies, before and after studies, also review articled were considered to include. We identified 944 studies; of these, 78 met the inclusion criteria, but 44 were excluded. A total 34 articles were included in the analyses. Six articles reported protocol, two-dimensional chart, database, or pH colour code to provide information of incompatibilities. Two-dimensional chart and pH code were comparable with a gold standard. Specific protocol markedly reduced the incompatibility event. Normal saline (NS) flushing effectively prolonged patency and reduced the incompatibility rate. NS was preferred over heparin associated with thrombocytopenia. In-line filtration has been proved to reduce particulate matter, as well as the precipitation, resulted from incompatibility. The filter also reduced inflammation, infection, and complication appreciably. Four studies used more than three lumen catheters which successfully decrease the number of precipitation and incompatibility events. Therefore, separating incompatible drugs using multi-lumens according to the chart should be preferred. However, when co-administration is inevitable, flushing or filter is needed