Leiden University Scholary Publications
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In the classroom: glossary manuscript with the Hermeneumata Pseudodositheana. ninth century, second and third quarters
No full textMedieval and Early Modern Studie
Architecture, monuments and urbanism: Part II: cities on the overland Silk Roads
No full textAsian Studie
Multicollinearity and redundancy of the PET radiomic feature set
Get PDFIntroductionThe aim of this study was to map multicollinearity of the radiomic feature set in five independent [18F]FDG-PET cohorts with different tumour types and identify generalizable non-redundant features. MethodsFive [18F]FDG-PET radiomic cohorts were analysed: non-small cell lung carcinomas (N = 35), pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas (N = 40), head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (N = 54), [18F]FDG-positive thyroid nodules with indeterminate cytology (N = 84), and gastric carcinomas (N = 206). Lesions were delineated, and 105 radiomic features were extracted using PyRradiomics. In every cohort, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient (rho) matrices of features were calculated to determine which features showed (very) strong (rho > 0.7 and rho > 0.9) correlations with any other feature in all five cohorts. Cluster analysis of an averaged correlation matrix for all cohorts was performed at a threshold of rho = 0.7 and rho = 0.9. For each cluster, a representative, non-redundant feature was selected. ResultsSeventy-two and 90 out of 105 features showed a (very) strong correlation with another feature in the correlation matrix in all five cohorts. Cluster analysis resulted in 35 and 15 non-redundant features at thresholds of rho = 0.9 and rho = 0.7, including 6 and 3 shape features, 4 and 2 intensity features, and 25 and 10 texture features, respectively. Seventy or 90 redundant features could be omitted at these thresholds, respectively. ConclusionAt least two-thirds of the radiomic feature set could be omitted because of strong multicollinearity in multiple independent cohorts. More redundant features could be identified using a less conservative threshold. Future research should indicate whether multicollinearity of the radiomic feature set is similar for other radiopharmaceuticals and imaging modalities. Key Points Question Radiomic feature sets contain many strongly correlating features, which results in statistical challenges. Findings Analysis of the correlation matrices showed that the same radiomic features were strongly correlated in five independent [18F]FDG-PET cohorts with different tumour types. Clinical relevance At least two-thirds of the radiomic feature set could be omitted, because of strong multicollinearity. More redundant features could be identified using a less conservative threshold
"The risks cannot be compensated”: The willingness to donate DNA for science and its relationship with economic preferences
Get PDFNWOVl.Veni.221E.080Hervorming Sociale Regelgevin
Six-year trajectories of core depressive symptoms and insomnia symptoms in depressed older adults: a NESDO study
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Safety of Janus kinase inhibitors in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: a systematic literature review informing the 2024 update of an international expert consensus statement
Get PDFObjectivesThis systematic literature review (SLR) on safety outcomes was performed to inform the 2024 update of the expert consensus statement on the treatment of immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) with Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi).MethodsAn update of the 2019 SLR was performed in MEDLINE, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. For safety, randomised, placebo-controlled or active-controlled trials on all JAKi investigated in IMIDs, long-term extension (LTE) studies, pooled trial data analyses, and cohort and claims studies were included.ResultsWe screened 13,905 records, of which 209 were finally included. Three safety trials and 13 post hoc analyses, 83 efficacy randomised controlled trials (RCTs) with adequate safety reporting, 56 integrated safety analyses and LTE of RCTs, 20 additional conference abstracts on RCT data, as well as 37 real-world cohort studies were presented to the task force. Safety profiles of JAKi were overall consistent across compounds and indications, but impacts of patient profiles, treatment dosing, and other cofactors like background medications on drug safety could be observed. Furthermore, differential effects of variously selective JAKi on distinct adverse events of special interest (AESI) and laboratory outcomes were discerned.ConclusionA substantial amount of literature was published on JAKi safety since 2019. A comprehensive overview of these data supports the optimal use of JAKi in patients with IMIDs, by consideration and balance of their benefits as well as risks in every patient.</p
Differentiable, holomorphic, and analytic functions on complex Φ-algebras
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Migraine, inflammatory bowel disease and celiac disease: a Mendelian randomization study
Get PDFObjectiveTo assess whether migraine may be genetically and/or causally associated with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) or celiac disease.BackgroundMigraine has been linked to IBD and celiac disease in observational studies, but whether this link may be explained by a shared genetic basis or could be causal has not been established. The presence of a causal association could be clinically relevant, as treating one of these medical conditions might mitigate the symptoms of a causally linked condition.MethodsLinkage disequilibrium score regression and two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization analyses were performed using summary statistics from cohort-based genome-wide association studies of migraine (59,674 cases; 316,078 controls), IBD (25,042 cases; 34,915 controls) and celiac disease (11,812 or 4533 cases; 11,837 or 10,750 controls). Migraine with and without aura were analyzed separately, as were the two IBD subtypes Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis. Positive control analyses and conventional Mendelian randomization sensitivity analyses were performed.ResultsMigraine was not genetically correlated with IBD or celiac disease. No evidence was observed for IBD (odds ratio [OR] 1.00, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.99–1.02, p = 0.703) or celiac disease (OR 1.00, 95% CI 0.99–1.02, p = 0.912) causing migraine or migraine causing either IBD (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.96–1.22, p = 0.181) or celiac disease (OR 1.08, 95% CI 0.79–1.48, p = 0.614) when all participants with migraine were analyzed jointly. There was some indication of a causal association between celiac disease and migraine with aura (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00–1.08, p = 0.045), between celiac disease and migraine without aura (OR 0.95, 95% CI 0.92–0.99, p = 0.006), as well as between migraine without aura and ulcerative colitis (OR 1.15, 95% CI 1.02–1.29, p = 0.025). However, the results were not significant after multiple testing correction.ConclusionsWe found no evidence of a shared genetic basis or of a causal association between migraine and either IBD or celiac disease, although we obtained some indications of causal associations with migraine subtypes.Genetics of disease, diagnosis and treatmen
Metabolic profiling following immunological perturbations: comparison across individuals from different geographical areas
Get PDFMadeleine Eunice Betouke Ongwe's thesis, "Metabolic profiling following immunological perturbations: comparison across individuals from different geographical areas," investigates metabolic responses to immunological challenges in populations with distinct geographical, microorganism, and parasite exposures. The research focuses on Sub-Saharan African and European individuals, aiming to identify metabolic differences that influence immune responses to vaccines and infection. Using metabolomics, a technique to analyze metabolites in biological samples, the study evaluates immune responses by profiling metabolites in urine, plasma, and immune cells. The work examines baseline metabolic profiles and changes after immune triggers such as vaccination with hookworm vaccine candidates and controlled human malaria infection. It highlights the interplay between metabolism and immune response, emphasizing how geographical location and microbial exposure shape immune responses.Overall, the thesis advances the field of immunometabolism by exploring how metabolic pathways influence immune function and demonstrating the importance of metabolic profiling in understanding population-specific immune signatures.The work presented in this thesis was performed and financially supported by the Department of Parasitology of the Leiden University Medical Center in the Netherlands and the Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné in GabonLUMC / Geneeskund
A longitudinal study on the association between financial scarcity and feelings of societal exclusion
Get PDFWe tested the association between financial scarcity (i.e., the experience of lacking needed monetary resources) and feelings of societal exclusion using longitudinal data from a large probability sample of the Dutch population. We report preregistered analyses of two time points (almost two years apart) and exploratory robustness checks of seven time points (spanning four years). As hypothesized, results of a Cross-Lagged Panel Model indicated that financial scarcity was associated with increased feelings of societal exclusion over time and vice versa, feelings of societal exclusion were associated with increased financial scarcity over time. In addition, results showed that financial scarcity was associated with perceived lack of social participation, perceived stigmatization, and weaker social networks. These factors did not mediate the association between financial scarcity and feelings of societal exclusion. We discuss the potential implications of these findings for the temporal dynamics of financial scarcity and feelings of societal exclusion.Social decision makin