Leiden University Scholary Publications
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Opvattingen van rechters over hun conflictoplossende rol
Get PDFCoherent privaatrechtCriminal Justice: Maatschappelijk effectieve strafrechtspleging 2023-2029Effective Protection of Fundamental Rights in a pluralist worl
Gevangenis of toevluchtsoord?: Vrouwen en de Rijkswerkinrichtingen in Nederland 1886-1934
Get PDFMore than a thousand women ended up in a state labour institution (SLI) in the Netherlands between 1886 and 1934. Why did they end up there? The nuisance caused by vagrants in many Western countries reached a peak in the last quarter of the nineteenth century. This led to new measures and institutions. In the Netherlands, it resulted in the transformation of the existing beggars' colonies into state labour institutions. Beggars and vagrants risked being sent to a SLI for at least three months up to a maximum of three years. Here they were forced to work. Courts could only sentence people to the SLI who were capable of working. The many women with disabilities or illnesses in this institution raised the question of whether their punishment was solely the result of persecution by the police and justice. Could some of them have been the agents of their own incarceration? In order to answer this question, their path to, in and out of the SLI was followed using various sources. These show that several poor, single, old and ill women used the SLI as a temporary emergency solution, making it function as both a prison and a refuge.Cities, Migration and Global Interdependence 1350-200
Transdisciplinary perspectives on validity: bridging the gap between design and implementation for technology-enhanced learning systems
Get PDFTechnologies that help to enhance our educational environments can be found everywhere. Some examples are the electronic whiteboards and tablets that enhance classroom interaction, online peer feedback platforms that enhance student collaboration, and, as was the case in the GEIGER project forming the foundation for this dissertation, a mobile application that enhances the educational experience of small businesses trying to learn about cybersecurity. A question we can ask about technology-enhanced learning environments is: Do they achieve what they were intended to achieve? We tackled this question using a transdisciplinary approach where small businesses, industry partners and universities collaborated to design, validate and implement a cybersecurity risk assessment application. This dissertation represents a pivotal first step towards holistic validation of technology-enhanced learning solutions. Validation that aids accelerated, but also responsible and trustworthy, impact. If our validation strategies are misguided, our innovations will follow this misguided path. We cannot accept such a future.Computer Systems, Imagery and Medi
Working memory capacity predicts sensitivity to prosodic structure
Get PDFTheoretical and Experimental Linguistic
The social ties that bind: the role of social relations and trust in EU intelligence cooperation
Get PDFIntelligence scholars have been struggling to find the conditions under which international intelligence cooperation occurs. Most focus on transactional motives and guaranteed returns, the so called ‘Quid pro Quo’. At the same time, trust is often mentioned as one of the foremost conditions, yet it has seldom been critically examined in this context. This study fills this gap. Based on a conceptual framework derived from sociology and interorganizational relations, it scrutinizes how social relations and trust influence cooperation practices in the EU intelligence system. The analysis is based on in-depth interviews with senior intelligence professionals from national services and EU intelligence organizations. It concludes that social relations play a far bigger role in international intelligence cooperation than is often assumed by scholars and practitioners. In the setting of EU intelligence, it is not so much transaction, but interaction that fosters cooperative behavior. Contrary to the common view that there are no friends in intelligence, likeability and personal relations downplay feelings of rivalry. Despite low prominence and poor reputation in the European intelligence network, shared institutions and collective identities in the intelligence community provide the EU with a simple and efficient basis for trust-based cooperation.This dissertation was financially and factually supported by the Ministry of Defence of the Netherlands. The views and opinions in this dissertation are and remain solely the responsibility of the author and do not necessarily reflect those of the Ministry of Defence.Security and Global Affair
Chirurgijns in den vreemde: de geneeskundige zorg van de Verenigde Oost-Indische Compagnie (VOC) voor haar personeel in Azië
Get PDFThis thesis describes the medical care provided by the Dutch East India Company (VOC) for its personnel in Asia. Surgeons from northern Europe were employed in the hospitals of Batavia, Colombo and many outposts. There was also a local training structure for surgeons in these hospitals in Asia. Northern European medicine was central to this training as evidenced by textbooks and examinations of VOC surgeons and the medicines that were prescribed: VOC servants were treated by VOC surgeons. Indigenous physicians from the native population played no significant role in the medical care of VOC personnel. Management in the VOC hospitals was in the hands of highly experienced Dutch chief-surgeons, assisted by their colleagues from other northern European countries. An extensive network of hospitals and surgeon stations provided shelter and medical care for sick VOC servants who, far away from hearth and home, needed medical care. It was not just malaria, but it was many other infectious diseases, work-related accidents and infected wounds, venereal infections, leprosy and psychiatric disorders that VOC surgeons faced.The pharmacotherapy of VOC surgeons was based on European formularies known to them. Local supply of ingredients for medicines could by no means cover the need. Local supply of medicines from Amsterdam remained necessary to meet the great need in Asia. In the pharmacies of Batavia and Colombo, medicines were prepared by Northern European pharmacists according to European formularies.Medieval and Early Modern Studie
Data-driven investigations in a cross-border setting: experiences from the Netherlands
Get PDFCriminal Justice: Maatschappelijk effectieve strafrechtspleging 2023-202
Resonating emotions: an embodied perspective on alterations in facial emotion processing in autism and social anxiety
Get PDFAs social animals, feeling connected with others is essential for human well-being. Understanding others’ emotions plays an important role in building and maintaining these social connections. In everyday life, people often have to rely on non-verbal information, such as facial and bodily expressions, to infer others’ emotional states. These emotional expressions can resonate in the observer’s body, just like music, which can facilitate their interpretation. People on the autism spectrum and those with social anxiety differ in both how they respond to others' emotional facial expressions on a bodily level and how they interpret them. Here, differences in facial emotion perception likely contribute to broader difficulties in social interactions. Even though processes do not occur in isolation, most studies to date only examine differences in facial emotion processing at one level (e.g., physiological responses versus subjective interpretation) without exploring potential connections between these levels. Moreover, studies focus on alterations associated with either autism or social anxiety (trait levels), ruling the possibility to identify shared or distinct patterns out. The current dissertation addresses these limitations and offers a more integrative understanding of alterations in the perception, resonance and interpretation of other’s facial emotional expressions in autism and social anxiety (trait levels).NWO016.Vidi.185.036Action Contro
On the diversity of antithrombin proteoforms: the role of a diagnostic mass spectrometry-based test for antithrombin deficiency
Get PDFAntithrombin is one of the most important regulators of the clotting cascade and a deficiency therein leads to high risk of venous thromboembolism. Antithrombin deficiency exists in two forms; a quantitative deficiency leading to overall lower levels of antithrombin, known as type I antithrombin deficiency; and a qualitative deficiency leading to antithrombin proteoforms with altered functionality, known as type II antithrombin deficiency. The current diagnostic tests for diagnosing patients with antithrombin deficiency lack sensitivity, especially for type II antithrombin deficiency. Furthermore, they do not provide enough level of detail to enable p5 medicine. To this end a new diagnostic test was developed and analytically validated based on mass spectrometry. This test measures the diversity of antithrombin proteoforms present in a sample. The test provides a detailed diagnosis encompassing: 1) the concentration of antithrombin in µmol/L, 2) the presence of mutations, and 3) the glycosylation status of the protein. This enables a more sensitive and detailed approach to identify antithrombin deficiency, by providing the necessary information to enable p5 medicine in the future, potentially leading to improved patient diagnosis, stratification, and future therapies.LUMC / Geneeskund
On preoperative systemic treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer
Get PDFTreatment with neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy followed by radical cystectomy is the default treatment for muscle-invasive bladder cancer. However, with the encouraging results of immune checkpoint inhibitiors directed against PD-1/PD-L1 and CTLA-4 in recent years, the treatment landscape of bladder cancer is rapidly changing. In Chapter 2 we review the recent advancements in treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in bladder cancer and the relation with the tumor immune micro-environment. In Chapter 3 we aim to predict pathological response after neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy based on the genomic biomarkers ERCC2, ERBB2, ATM, FANCC and RB1. In Chapter 4 we retrospectively investigate the effects of neoadjuvant platinum-based chemotherapy on the tumor-immune microenvironment in muscle-invasive bladder cancer patients. In Chapter 5 we describe the results of cohort 2 of the NABUCCO trial, where patients were randomized to receive either of two different dosing regimens of ipilimumab and nivolumab. In addition, we set out to predict pathological response and clinical outcome based on circulating tumor DNA in plasma and urine. In Chapter 6 we retrospectively assess the prostate tissue that was part of the radical cystoprostatectomy specimens from NABUCCO cohort 1.LUMC / Geneeskund