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Concepts of programming languages / Robert W. Sebesta, University of Colorado at Colorado Springs.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references (pages 725-735) and index.xxi, 761 pages
Norfloxacin-loaded collagen/chitosan scaffolds for skin reconstruction: Preparation, evaluation and in-vivo wound healing assessment
No full textBiomaterial scaffolds are versatile tools as drug carrier for treatment of wounds. A series of norfloxacin-loaded scaffolds were synthesized for treatment of wounds by combining collagen with two different types of chitosan using freeze-drying technique. Subsequently, scaffolds were screened in terms of morphology, water absorption and retention capacity, biodegradation, ex-vivo bioadhesive strength, in-vitro drug release biological compatibility, X-ray diffractometry, differential scanning calorimetry as well as in-vivo evaluation. The results indicate that the scaffold mechanical strength is dependent on the type of used chitosan. The prepared scaffolds contained interconnected porous architecture. The scaffolds had high water uptake and retention capacity with extended biodegradation rate. Scaffolds prepared with chitosan HCl showed superior bioadhesive strength compared to those prepared with low molecular weight chitosan. All scaffolds showed almost 100% drug release within 24 h. As identified by the terahertz pulsed imaging measurements, there is single scaffold area with the same concentration. After 28 days of wound dressing with selected norfoloxacin-loaded or unloaded collagen/chitosan scaffolds in Albino rats, it was found that the tissue regeneration time was fast compared to non-treated wounds. Furthermore, the drug-loaded scaffolds showed normal structure of an intact epidermal layer as well as the underlying dermis as revealed by histopathological studies. The obtained results suggest that the investigated norfloxacin-loaded collagen/chitosan scaffold is a potential candidate for skin regeneration application
Design and optimization of gastro-retentive microballoons for enhanced bioavailability of cinnarizine
No full textThis study is focused on the design of gastro-retentive drug delivery system composed of hollow microspheres (microballoons) for the sustained delivery of cinnarizine (CIN). The microballoons (MBs) were prepared by the emulsion solvent diffusion method using cellulose acetate butyrate (CAB) as the hosting polymer and absolute ethanol (ETH) and dichloromethane (DCM) as solvents. A 33 full factorial experimental design was adopted to study the effect of different variables and to find an optimum formula with desired properties. Prepared microballoons showed high drug loading capacities and controlled release behaviour. The optimum formulation was chosen on the basis of achieving maximum values for both drug loading capacity and release efficiency as well as having suitable size. The optimized MB (MB-F21) was composed of 200 mg CIN and 400 mg CAB with a DCM/ETH ratio of 2:1. Scanning electron microscopy for the optimum formulation showed a spherical outline with internal porous structure. An in vivo study using human volunteers was performed by determination of CIN concentration in the plasma using the liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) method. Results proved the superiority of the designed formulation over the market product Stuval® tablets in bioavailability parameters comprising T max as well as area under the plasma CIN concentration-time curve (AUC0–24 h) and AUC0–∞ values. Also, the significantly greater value of mean residence time (MRT) in case of MB-F21 indicates its higher gastric residence time and proves the advantages of micro-multiparticulate dosage forms over conventional one
Anti-inflammatory sunscreen nanostructured lipid carrier formulations
No full textDiscoid lupus erythematosus is a condition of chronic inflammation of the skin which requires protection
from ultraviolet radiations and prolonged treatment with topical corticosteroids.
The aim of this study was to prepare semisolid nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) formulations containing
diflucortolone valerate (DFV) as a model corticosteroid drug and titanium dioxide (TiO2) as an
inorganic UV-filter in the same formulation.
The NLC formulations were prepared by applying high shear homogenization and ultrasonication
techniques using Precriol®ATO5 or Tristearin® as the solid lipids, Capryol™ or isopropyl myristate as the
liquid lipids, Poloxamer® 407 as a surfactant and Labrafil
® M1944CS as a lipid based surfactant.
The incorporation of TiO2 in the NLCs in concentration of 5% w/w was found to be the optimum
concentration which enhances the intrinsic sun protection factor (SPF) of this carrier system and resulted
in suitable sun protection values ranged from 4.94 to 21.27 with an acceptable spreadable consistency for
the NLC formulation. Semi-solid NLC formulations were characterized by small particle size ranged from
180.8 to 255.1 nm before the addition of TiO2 and the particle size reached 540.1 nm after addition of 5%
TiO2.
Incorporation of TiO2 in NLC formulations leads to a synergistic photoprotection and increase patient
compliance
complete filed design
No full textOne of the most important and emerging challenges for any petroleum engineer is to improve the evaluation of a reservoir or in another way to describe it with all of its’ parameters and characteristics to find the most efficient applications to improve production, which will help then to increase the profitability of the discovery. .
Understanding of all reservoir parameters with all of its aspects is the main base to achieve the best development plan, evaluation of the reservoir will be the first step to be more familiar with the reservoir and will help to design the best development plan. The evaluation of any reservoir requires geological and reservoir evaluation. After the evaluation of the discovery, production decision is taken. Drilling program, well completion and production optimization are the frame elements to start the production cycle of the reservoir.
Evaluation and designing of the reservoir is based on theoretical and analytical relationships between the characteristics of the reservoir, in this thesis geological evaluation was based on reservoir characteristics to get the original oil in place volumetrically; then the results compared with other quantitative methods which are the MBE and decline curve analysis.
Drilling prognoses is what has been used to design the drilling program based on offset data of wells that have been drilled in the same formation with similar characteristics but with the validity of problem detection and remedy of these problem to acquire the optimum drilling program.
Completion and production optimization where the final steps to acquire the scope of this thesis, which is designing a development plan to maximize the production of the reservoir. The development plan is to start a water flooding program and using artificial lift (SRP) to achieve the two main scope of any oil and gas project; which are maximizing the production and maintaining the pressure decline
Future Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences
No full textFuture Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences issued under the auspicious of Future University in Egypt. The Journal publishes communications, original research articles, review articles and case studies on all aspects of the pharmaceutical sciences and related clinical subjects that are of interest to all health professionals with strong emphasis on originality and scientific quality. Specifically, the journal publishes original researches in all fields that interest Pharmacists as drug absorption & metabolism, pharmacokinetics & dynamics, drug delivery including gene delivery, drug targeting and nano-technology, Pharmacotherapeutics, community and hospital pharmacy as well as Pharmaceutical and hospital management. The scope will also cover researches in toxicology, cell and molecular biology, biomedical research, basic & clinical and pharmaceutical microbiology, Pharmaceutical biotechnology, medicinal chemistry, Phytochemistry and nutraceuticals.Proceedings of scientific meetings may be published as special issues or supplements to the Journal. Manuscripts submitted to the Journal are only accepted on the understanding that: they are subject to editorial review (generally by two independent referees); they have not been, and will not be, published in whole or in part in any other journal
Tag Sultan
No full textPROJECT NAME: TAG SULTAN
PRJECT SITE: West of the intersection of ring roda is located with cairo-suze road
OWNER: Madinet nasr housing
Consultant: MOHARM-PAKHOM
CONTRACTOR: Misr engineering development
PROJECT TOTAL AREA: 3337200 METER
TOTAL COST: 91 MILLION L
دراسة صيدلية على أنظمة حفظ معدى نابضة لنقل بعض العقاقير المرتبه زمنيا
No full textIt is now well established that maintaining a relatively constant plasma drug level throughout the dosage interval is not considered as an optimum situation in many conditions. Relationships between drug presence, duration of action and safety may be influenced by, among other factors, circadian rhythms.
Pulsatile delivery systems may release drug at the correct time as programmed from the system, but drug may be released into a region of the gastrointestinal tract where it is only poorly absorbed or, worse, not absorbed at all. These considerations led to the development of oral pulsatile release dosage
forms possessing gastric retention capabilities that allow the systems to remain above or within the window of absorption, and extend the period of absorption of drugs exhibiting limited window of absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract. A combination of gastroretentive and pulsatile principles offers an advantage that the system can achieve long residence time in the stomach, sufficient for delivering an adequate amount of drug at the right time, particularly in diseases requiring medication during sleeping and awakening. The press-coated tablet can be considered an example from Chrontropic
system. It consists of a fast disintegration or modified release core, coated by compression with a solid barrier, commonly made of polymeric material, a diluent (as a release modifier) and drug (for both rapid and extended release). Press coated tablets may be modified to provide different release
patterns, by varying the drug distribution and type of polymers used in the core and outer coating shell. It can be classified as a chronopharmaceutical technology, in that it provides a solid dosage form for drug delivery in a pulsatile fashion rather than continuously, and at predetermined times and sites
following oral administration. Core in cup could be also considered as approach for gastroretentive
pulsatile drug delivery. It consists of a core tablet containing the drug, an impermeable outer shell and top cover layer barrier of hydrophilic polymer. Water ingress into the osmotic core causes it to swell, rupturing the external coat and releasing the drug in pulsatile mode. In a trial to prepare a gastroretentive dosage form with pulsatile drug release profile, two approaches were investigated in this thesis. The oral bioavailabilities of the drugs from two selected formulae were compared to the
commercial products in healthy human volunteers
A complete study on nameless field baharyia formation
No full textThis report is talking about evaluation and development of a nameless field on Baharyia formation western desert in Egypt with several drilled wells, The development will occur according to the study of geology and the volumetric estimate, offset data of drilled well in the field, formation evaluation, reservoir engineering, and production engineering. The study and the evaluation on the x-field will give a view of next step of reserve calculation and development plans to start water flooding development based on the interpretation of the given items.Petroleum Engineering is an engineering discipline concerned with the activities related to the production of hydrocarbons, which can be either crude oil, or natural gas. Exploration, production, refinement, and distribution to a market are the industries related to this highly technical engineering profession. Petroleum Engineering requires a good knowledge of many other related disciplines, such as geophysics, petroleum geology, formation evaluation (well logging), drilling, economics, reservoir simulation, well engineering, artificial lift systems, and oil and gas facilities engineering
A Decentralized Coordination Strategy for Voltage Regulation of Active Distribution Networks
No full textThis paper presents a fully decentralized coordination
strategy based on Multi-Agent System (MAS) for voltage
regulation in active distribution networks (ADNs). The strategy
is based on coordinating the operation of Distributed Generators
(DGs) and On-Load Tap Changer (OLTC) to maintain the bus
voltages within acceptable limits. The strategy attempts to
maximize the use of the renewable based DGs while minimizing
the operation of the OLTC. Several case studies are presented to
show the effectiveness and robustness of the proposed strategy