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Use-wear analysis of lithic tools from the megalithic cemetery of Panoría (Granada, Spain)
No full textIn southeastern Iberia use-wear analyses have not been explored as a proxy for a better understanding of the social, economic and cultural meanings of prehistoric lithic tools. The recent excavation of nine dolmens in the Panoría cemetery (3600 − 2100 cal BC), four of them largely undisturbed, offers an excellent opportunity for a fine-grained study of lithic grave goods. Blades, arrowheads and geometric microliths were the types of objects selected to be deposited at the Panoría dolmens. Use-wear analysis shows the deposition of blades previously used in farming and textile activities or with no evidence of use but in optimal working conditions. Arrowheads and microliths use-wear indicate their use as projectiles. However, some arrowheads are also found without use-wear, probably having been specifically crafted for ritual purposes, especially those with extremely developed barbs. Cross-referencing lithic typology, frequency and use-wear from each tomb with the osteological analysis reveals a positive correlation between the activities identified by the blade use-wear analysis and the intense physical effort evidenced by musculoskeletal stress markers. In contrast, there is a negative correlation between the projectiles and traumatic injuries. Lithic tools found at Panoría can be linked to different social realms, from daily activities to more restricted ritual purposes.CRUE-CSIC (Open Access
Fatigue delamination shape prognostics in composites using numerical simulation-assisted transfer learning
No full textDelamination shape holds crucial information for evaluating structural safety, including its area, center,
and perimeter; thus, shape prognostics has recently gained significant attention using either numerical
simulations or data-driven models. Numerical approaches can capture the general trend of delamination growth
while failing to account for the uncertainties arising from experimental or in-field fatigue damage growth
processes. Both simulations and experiments show delamination growth along the same primary direction, but
experimental observations exhibit a high degree of stochasticity in their growth rates and shape evolution that
simulations cannot capture. Data-driven methods are capable of describing the actual fatigue behavior, while
requiring a substantial experimental database for training. To bridge the gap between numerical simulations
and complex experimental realities, we propose a framework that integrates delamination growth simulations
with a data-driven approach to predict the evolution of fatigue delamination shapes. It first utilizes numerical
data to train a neural ordinary differential equation (ODE)-based model that learns the gradient of the shape
evolution. Subsequently, a progressive transfer learning strategy is then employed to incrementally refine the
learned model using experimental observations during fatigue loading, overcoming the inherent limitations
of conventional data fusion methods and enabling robust prognostics. The effectiveness of the proposed
approach is demonstrated using experimental composite fatigue tests with ultrasonic C-scan monitoring,
showing consistent improvement in prognostic accuracy compared with simulation-only, experiment-only,
and mixed training strategies.European Union (Horizon 2020, Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant 859957
Multiple orthogonal polynomials of two real variables
No full textPolynomials known as Multiple Orthogonal Polynomials in a single variable are
polynomials that satisfy orthogonality conditions concerning multiple measures and
play a significant role in several applications such as Hermite-Padé approximation,
random matrix theory or integrable systems. However, this theory has only been
studied in the univariate case. In this paper, we present an introduction to Multiple
Orthogonality in one variable and its main properties, followed by some generalized
definitions of the two main types of multiple orthogonality, together with some
examples and extended results.MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 - Research Group GOYA-384 (PID2023-149117NB-I00, CEX2020-001105M
Tracing the path from OCEAN to autonomic balance: The mediating role of cognitive reserve
No full textAging trajectories vary widely. The Big Five – Neuroticism, Openness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Conscientiousness – describe individual differences in behavioral, emotional, and physiological patterns influencing health. Heart rate variability (HRV), index of autonomic dynamics, is linked to longevity and cognitive decline in older adults, making it a potential personality-related marker of pathological aging. Inconsistencies in the HRV-personality relationship prompt researchers to consider mediating factors. Cognitive reserve (CR) offers insights, as it is shaped by personality and linked to brain regions underlying HRV.
This study investigated the personality-HRV relationship, highlighting CR as a potential mediator. We hypothesized that lower CR would be associated to a higher LF/HF ratio, indicating sympathetic dominance and previously linked to poorer cognition, and that personality would contribute to this pattern through CR. Eighty-nine participants over 50 years underwent HRV recording, the CR Index questionnaire, and the Big Five Inventory administration. As expected, higher LF/HF ratio was associated with lower Openness and CR; CR mediated the relationship between Openness and Neuroticism and LF/HF ratio, suggesting that personality could influence physiological and cognitive health through cognitively stimulating activities. These findings underscore the role of life experiences and individual differences in shaping health, offering insights for prevention and intervention strategies.European Union, NextGeneration (PRIN 2022, CODICE: PRIN 2022NH8W3C, CUP: B53D23014710006, CUP MASTER: B53D23014710006)MICIU/AEI - ERDF/EU (PID2022-143054NB-I00
New insights on active geodynamics of Iberia and Northwestern Africa from seismic stress and geodetic strain-rate fields
No full textThe convergence between Eurasia and Africa during Alpine orogeny drives complex geodynamic processes, involving multiple crustal blocks. In the Atlantic-Mediterranean transition zone, the geodynamics is controlled by the two main plates, the former Iberian microplate and the Alboran Domain. Nowadays, these crustal domains, composed of continental and oceanic crust of varying ages, show distinct deformation behaviors under the current regional stress regime. Through analysis of an enhanced earthquake focal mechanism catalog and updated GNSS velocity field, we constrained the crustal stress–strain fields with unprecedented resolution. Three key findings emerged. First, the different crustal blocks interacting in the region determine the stress–strain fields along the plate boundary, allowing us to define four sectors: Atlantic, Gibraltar, Alboran, and Algero-Balearic. Second, in the Atlantic sector, stresses are directly transferred between Africa and Eurasia, while westward they are absorbed by the thinned continental crust of the Alboran Domain and the continental margins of the Gibraltar Arc and Tell Cordillera. This framework, combined with the oblique Eurasia-Africa convergence relative to the Southwestern Iberian margin, could facilitate the clockwise rotation of Iberia. Finally, intraplate regions with low horizontal strain-rates still show tectonic activity influenced by regional compression and other geodynamic processes driven by vertical stresses. This study highlights the value of combined grid-based stress and strain-rate field analysis for understanding geodynamic processes in complex plate boundary regions.Gobierno Vasco (IT-1678/22)Junta de Andalucía (RNM-148; RNM-370)MICIU/AEI/ - FEDER UE (PID2022-136678NB-I00)AEI / Unión Europea NextGenerationEU/PRTR – G2HOTSPOTS (PID2021-122142OBI00)Departamento de Educación del Gobierno Vasco (POS_2023_1_0001
A serial mediation model of high-performance work systems: Does intrinsic religiosity matter?
No full textA novel moderated serial mediation model of high-performance work systems (HPWS) is developed and tested with data gathered from hotel employees via a time lag of two months. Our model is derived from the ability-motivation-opportunity theoretical framework, job demands-resources, social information processing, and conservation of resources theories. All the hypotheses were supported, and the model we proposed was viable. The results suggested that green work engagement (GWENG) was a mediator between HPWS and green voice behavior (GVB). Thriving at work (TAW) mediated the impacts of HPWS on GVB. GWENG and TAW serially mediated the effects of HPWS on GVB. More importantly, intrinsic religiosity strengthened the effects of HPWS on GWENG, while it moderated the indirect effects of HPWS on GVB via GWENG and TAW. The aforesaid results enhance the hospitality literature and ensure useful implications for business practice
Implementation of the dual model as a method of the Spanish vocational educational and training system
No full textResearch carried out within the REDEFORD project (RTI2018-101660-B-100), funded
by the Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Government of Spain, led by Professor Miguel A. Pereyra of the University of Granada.Dual Vocational Educational and Training is a recent policy in Spain aimed at establishing connections between the education system and the business sector. The guidelines of dual VET are aimed at guaranteeing continuity of training, reducing early school leaving and establishing the collaboration of the business sector in the training and qualification of students. In Spain, after more than a decade of implementing this policy, the Organic Law 3/2022 has recently been approved, which establishes the basic guidelines for its development. On this issue, the chapter describes, on the basis of semi-structured interviews, the perception of educational and business actors in the development of dual VET in the Higher Grade Training Cycle in Early Childhood Education in Andalusia. The results suggest that the implementation of the dual model in this Grade has not achieved its suitability. There are limitations related to the socio-economic context and surrounding business network, the involvement of companies, the training of the student in the workplace and the remuneration of the apprentice. However, there are also some advantages related to the continuity of training and labour integration of young people.Ministry of Science and Innovation of the Government of Spain, RTI2018-101660-B-10
Winds of change: Surfing prospects for offshore wind energy in coastal Spain (Cádiz)
No full textTo accelerate the energy transition, Europe has adopted a strategy for deploy renewable energy onshore and offshore; however, in Spain, offshore wind energy has faced significant deployment challenges. This study aims to analyse whether public perception of offshore wind energy in the coastal areas of Tarifa and La Janda Litoral (Cádiz, Spain) has changed over the past decade. It also examines whether perceived impacts on local socioeconomic activities have influenced acceptance levels of that technology. The majority of respondents did not express a clear rejection or acceptance of offshore wind energy, with neutral or undecided responses accounting for 52 % of the sample in 2013 and 48 % in 2023. Nevertheless, the overall perception of this energy source improved over the decade: the proportion of positive responses rose from 24 % in 2013 to 33 % in 2023. Furthermore, most of the arguments against offshore wind energy projects weakened between 2013 and 2023. For example, the share of respondents who considered these projects incompatible with traditional uses of the sea fell from 46 % to 28 %, indicating a growing consensus on the possibility of reconciling offshore wind development with existing maritime activities. The study also highlights discrepancies between the views of local residents and those of stakeholders and media reports. Therefore, bottom-up strategies that involve the population from the earliest stages of planning can be key to achieving European energy policy goals.Universidad de Granada/CBUA - Funding for open access charg
Surface characterisation of thermoresponsive microgels based on oligo(ethylene glycol): Adsorption kinetics, dilatational rheology and monolayers
No full textHypothesis: Biocompatible microgels based on oligo(ethylene glycol) (OEG-based microgels) represent a new generation of microgels designed for biomedical applications. OEG-based microgels undergo swelling or collapse in bulk in response to external stimuli such as temperature or pH. Gaining a deeper understanding of the surface properties of OEG-based microgels is essential for the proper development of stimuli-responsive emulsions and foams.
Methodology: Combination of colloidal and surface experimental techniques; hydrodynamic diameter, electrokinetic, analysis of Langmuir and Gibbs monolayers with in-situ microscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy and dilatational rheology in linear and non-linear regime provide new insights into the surface conformation of OEG-based microgels.
Results: Swelling and electrokinetic response of OEG-based microgels are initially examined as a function of pH and temperature to stablish the Volume Phase Transition Temperature (VPTT) at various pHs. Langmuir monolayers of OEG-based microgels show a “fried-egg” structure typical of thermoresponsive microgels, below and above the VPTT, exhibiting similar surface coverage but protruding slightly further into the subphase in collapsed state. Gibbs monolayers of OEG-based microgels reveal that collapsed OEG-based microgels diffuse and adsorb faster onto the surface but rearrange similarly to swollen OEG-based microgels. Finally, the slightly greater protrusion of collapsed OEG-based microgels ultimately determines their dilatational behaviour in both linear and non-linear regimes.
Conclusions: Surface conformation of OEG-based microgels show very subtle stimuli responsiveness, which in principle, should not compromise their use as emulsion stabilizers. However, they may need to be considered for fine applications of OEG-based microgels as stabilizers in the rational development of stimuli-responsive foams and emulsions.Consejería de Universidad, Investigación e Innovación and by ERDF Andalusia Program 2021-2027 - (C-EXP-187-UGR23) and (C-ING-208-UGR23)MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and ERDF, a way of making Europe - (PID2023-149387OB-I00) (PID2020-116615RA-I00)EMERGIA - (EMC21_00008)COST Action - (INFOTECH-DATA CA24145)Universidad de Granada / CBUA - open access charg
Ethical and emotional commitment as a pillar of teaching: A study on the empathic training of future teachers
No full textThis work was supported by the Vice-Rectorate for Research and Transfer of the University of Granada and the Autonomous City of Ceuta, Spain, under Grant [Reference CE-02-UGR24]. It should be noted that one of the co-authors has received funding from the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain (aid Plan for the university teacher training [Reference FPU23/01759]) and the University of Granada, as a result of the predoctoral contract that she has obtained.This article analyzes the role of empathy as a key competence in initial teacher training. It is assumed that
empathy must be a priority in teacher training programs, not only as a relational skill, but also as an essential component
for building truly inclusive educational contexts. The teaching profession certainly requires the ethical and emotional
commitment of teachers’ staff. Based on this, we aim to know the impact that the university training period exerts
on the level of empathy of students who are pursuing Early Childhood Education and Primary Education Degrees. A
quantitative approach is adopted by carrying out a descriptive and exploratory study whose sample comprises 58 student
teachers from both programs. A purposive, non-probability sampling was used to select the sample subjects. In fact,
the Cognitive and Affective Empathy Test (CAET) is used because it is standardized and assesses the main dimensions
of empathy: perspective taking, emotional understanding, empathic joy, and empathic stress. While the results show
a striking level of empathic stress in all the future teachers surveyed, there is evidence of an unequal impact on
their global empathy level and by dimensions, depending on the training program to which they belong. In Primary
Education Degree, for example, university training appears to fulfil its purpose of stimulating students’ emotional
growth. However, the content and methodologies of Early Childhood Education Degree need to be reconsidered to
integrate effectively the socioemotional dimension of professional learning and, above all, strengthen students’ cognitive
empathic competencies. The study highlights that the lack of systematic work on this competence compromises the
professional development of future teachers and limits their ability to draw attention to diversity, among other training
challenges of the 21st century.University of Granada and the Autonomous City of Ceuta (Spain), CE-02-UGR24Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities of Spain, FPU23/01759University of Granad