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Information-Theoretic Concepts to Elucidate Local and Non-Local Aspects of Chemical Phenomena
No full textFinancial support was
granted from Mexican agencies: CONACYT, PIFI, PROMEP-SEP and Spanish MICINN projects: FIS-2008-
02380, FQM-4643 and P06-FQM-2445 of Junta de Andalucía and to the Andalusian research group FQM-020.
I also wish to acknowledge financial support from the Ministerio de Educación of Spain through grant
SAB2009-0120. Allocation of supercomputing time from Laboratorio de Supercómputo y Visualización at
UAM, Sección de Supercomputacion at CSIRC Universidad de Granada, and Departamento de Supercómputo
at DGSCA-UNAM is gratefully acknowledged.This review explores the application of information theory in understanding chemical reactions,
focusing on concepts like Shannon entropy, Fisher information, and complexity measures. By analyzing
elementary chemical reactions, significant patterns in reactivity were identified, revealing chemically important
regions and providing insights into reaction mechanisms. Further investigation extends to amino acids and
pharmacological molecules, classifying them based on information-theoretic measures such as Shannon entropy
and Fisher information. The proposed Information-Theoretic Space unveils unique aspects of many-electron
systems, suggesting a universal 3D chemical space. Furthermore, we investigate the partitioning of molecules
into constituent parts using Atoms-In-Molecules (AIM) schemes and their information-theoretic justifications.
We validated popular AIM schemes like Hirshfeld, Bader's topological dissection, and the quantum approach
within the Information Theory framework. Additionally, the study delves into the quantum origin of correlation
energy, exploring the relationship between correlation energy and quantum entanglement. It also examines
quantum entanglement features in dissociation processes of diatomic molecules, shedding light on critical points
along reaction paths. Overall, this research highlights the utility of information theory in analyzing molecular
complexity, providing insights into chemical processes and molecular behavior across various systems.En esta revisión se examina la aplicación de la Teoría de la información tanto clásica como cuántica
para entender las reacciones químicas. Se centra principalmente en el estudio de la entropía de Shannon, la
información de Fisher, el Desequilibrio y las distintas medidas de complejidad. Se analizaron algunas
reacciones químicas seleccionadas y se identificaron importantes patrones de reactividad, lo que permitió
descubrir regiones de relevancia química y comprender mejor los mecanismos de reacción. El estudio se amplía
al análisis de aminoácidos y moléculas farmacológicas. Para clasificarlos, se utilizó la entropía de Shannon y
la información de Fisher lo cual permitió representar un nuevo espacio teórico-informacional, con el cuál se
descubrieron características únicas en sistemas multilectróncos, lo que sugiere la existencia de un espacio
químico universal en varias dimensiones. También se exploró la constitución molécular en sus componentes
atómicos, empleando esquemas de Átomos en Moléculas (AIM) asociados a sus fundamentos teórico informacionales. Así, pudimos validar los principales esquemas AIM: el método "stockholder" de Hirshfeld, la
disección topológica de Bader y el enfoque informacional de tipo cuántico, todos dentro del marco de la Teoría
de la Información. Esta revisión profundiza también en los fundamentos cuánticos de la energía de correlación,
estudiando su conexión con el fenómeno del entrelazamiento cuántico. Además, se analizan las características
del entrelazamiento cuántico en el proceso de disociación en las moléculas diatómicas, indentificando los
puntos críticos de estos procesos. En conclusión, este trabajo demuestra la valía de la teoría de la información para estudiar la complejidad molecular. Los resultados ofrecen importantes perspectivas sobre procesos
químicos y el comportamiento de las moléculas en diferentes sistemas.Mexican agencies: CONACYT, PIFI, PROMEP-SEPSpanish MICINN: FIS-2008- 02380, FQM-4643, P06-FQM-2445Junta de Andalucía FQM-020Ministerio de Educación of Spain SAB2009-0120Universidad de GranadaDGSCA-UNA
Presentaciones de la asignatura "Política Exterior de España"
No full textBasados en el programa del prof. Liñán Nogueras, estos materiales docentes preparados por el prof. Ruiz Díaz desarrollan los diferentes apartados y subapartados de los temas objeto de la asignatura "Política Exterior de España"
Analysing public sector innovation in local governments. an empirical assessment of Spanish city councils
No full textEvidence from both surveys and interviews exist to study the fundamental
dimensions of public sector innovation (PSI). In this article, these dimensions
are tailored to acknowledge the distinctive features of the public sector and to
measure PSI in local governments. These dimensions encompass the level of
novelty, complexity, breadth, and value of PSI. They are systematically gauged
through a survey administered to PSI managers within Spanish local governments.
In addition to formulating a PSI index, this article assesses its validity
through a statistical analysis testing the influence of environmental factors.
These factors encompass the political, socioeconomic, and institutional facets
of city councils. Our study empirically confirms both the efficacy of the index in
quantifying the adoption of innovation at the local level of government and the
significance of critical issues as PSI antecedents, including political stability,
economic diversity, and institutional pressures.Research Grant PID2022-136283OB-I00Spanish
Ministry of ScienceAEI/10.13039/50110001103ESF
Consecutive endopolyploidy levels in cells of Branchipus schaefferi Fisher, 1834 (Branchiopoda: Anostraca)
No full textThis work was funded as part of a research project part of the
2020 FEDER program (B.BIO.678.UGR20) “Análisis genético
de Plesionika edwardsii en poblaciones del Mar de Alborán
(PLESIGEN)”.
Universidad de Granada/CBUAEndopolyploidy is a well-documented phenomenon in the natural world, yet its biological significance remains poorly understood. A multitude
of effects and consequences have been described in the literature as being attributable to this phenomenon, yet none of them have been subjected
to rigorous and well-established confirmation. The measurement of ploidy level is typically conducted using flow cytometry or densitometry
techniques. Conversely, direct chromosome counting is a less frequently employed method. As a result, all published ploidy-level counts have
been presented as even numbers. We describe the first ploidy level chromosome count in somatic cells of Branchipus schefferi Fischer, 1834, a
common and one of the most abundant branchiopod crustaceans (Branchiopoda, Anostraca) widely distributed across Europe. The range of
observed ploidy levels was found to vary from diploid to octoploid cells, including odd numbers (3n, 5n, and 7n), as well as different aneuploid
numbers. It was furthermore observed that chromosomes at higher ploidy levels undergo an apparent telomere-binding process, leading to the
appearance of interphase cells with a large nuclear volume. The possible origins of ploidy levels and the consequences of chromosome joining
are discussed here.FEDER (B.BIO.678.UGR20)Universidad de Granada/CBU
Terminología olfativa en la cata de vinos de Jerez
No full textA través de un proyecto de investigación interdisciplinar, se presenta este trabajo que hace un recorrido por las principales
características lingüísticas y terminológicas del léxico asociado a la cata de vinos de jerez. Para ello, comenzamos hablando del inicio de las investigaciones y del desarrollo del proyecto para centrarnos posteriormente en el análisis de los distintos procedimientos lingüísticos que ocurren en el lenguaje de la cata de vinos en general y en la de los vinos de jerez, en particular. En ella, nos detendremos más concretamente en la escala olfativa, que nos sirve como muestra de la especificidad de estos términos
Secondary school teacher motivation and quality of ELE teaching in Côte d'Ivoire: A correlational study
No full textMuchos estudios coinciden en que la motivación es fundamental en las prácticas
docentes. El objetivo de este trabajo es abrir una reflexión sobre el tema de la motivación
del profesorado y su relación con la calidad de la enseñanza de ELE en Costa de Marfil. Motivar
al profesorado intensificará su capacidad de producir un trabajo de calidad, con vistas
a satisfacer las necesidades actuales de la sociedad. Esto, porque en este mundo competitivo
todos los países quieren encontrar medidas que promuevan una enseñanza de calidad. El
estudio se realizó con el profesorado marfileño de educación secundaria que imparte ELE.
Se utilizó una técnica probabilística simple para formar la muestra, mediante el coeficiente
de Rho de Spearman Este trabajo mostró una correlación positiva muy fuerte y significativa
entre las variables del estudio. Esto demuestra la necesidad de invertir más en este campo de
estudio para mejorar la enseñanza de ELE en el país.Many studies agree that motivation is fundamental to teaching practices. The
aim of this paper is to open a reflection on the issue of teacher motivation and its relation to
the quality of EFL teaching in Côte d'Ivoire. Motivating teachers will enhance their ability
to produce quality work in order to meet the current needs of society. This is because in
this competitive world all countries want to find measures to promote quality teaching.
The study was carried out with Ivorian secondary school teachers of French as a foreign
language. A simple probabilistic technique was used to form the sample, using Spearman's
Rho coefficient. This work showed a very strong and significant positive correlation between
the variables of the study. This demonstrates the need to invest more in this field of study in
order to improve the teaching of ELE in the country
Universal relations and bounds for fluctuations in quasistatic small heat engines
No full textThe efficiency of any heat engine, defined as the ratio of average work output to heat input, is bounded
by Carnot’s celebrated result. However, this measure is insufficient to characterize the properties of
miniaturized heat engines carrying non-negligible fluctuations, and a study of higher-order statistics of
their energy exchanges is required. Here, wegeneralize Carnot’s result for reversible cycles to arbitrary
order moment of the work and heat fluctuations. Our results show that, in the quasistatic limit, higherorder
statistics of a small engine’s energetics depend solely on the ratio between the temperatures of
the thermal baths. We further prove that our result for the second moment gives universal bounds for
the ratio between the variances of work and heat for quasistatic cycles. We test this theory with our
previous experimental results of a Brownian Carnot engine and observe the consistency between
them, even beyond the quasistatic regime. Our results can be exploited in the design of thermal
nanomachines to reduce their fluctuations of work output without marginalizing its average value and
efficiency.NSF of China
(Grant Nos. 12375039, 11975199, and 11674283)Zhejiang Provincial
Natural Science Foundation Key Project (Grant No. LZ19A050001)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2017QNA3005,
2018QNA3004)MEXT Quantum Leap Flagship Program (MEXT Q-LEAP) (Grant Nos.
JPMXS0118067394 and JPMXS0120319794MSCA-IF NEQLIQ-101030465PNRR MUR project PE0000023-NQST
The 100 most influential articles in mouth breathing. A bibliometric and altmetric analysis: 2002-2021
No full textBackground: This study aimed to identify and analyze the most influential Mouth Breathing (MB) articles in children and adolescents with the highest relative citation rates (RCRs), through bibliometric and altmetric analysis, from 2002 to 2021.
Material and methods: On March 27, 2023 a PubMed search was conducted to detect papers published about MB. From a total of 826 documents, the article data were downloaded from iCite database. The 100 articles with the highest RCRs were selected for analysis in terms of RCR, citations, altmetric attention score, year, journal, first author (name, institution, country), subfield and design of study. The key words were analyzed using Vosviewer.
Results: Among the 100 articles, there were no differences between the two periods analyzed for RCR and AAS values, yet 2002-11 was more cited than 2012-2021. There was no correlation between RCR and AAS; but there was with citations. Brazil was the most cited country (n=30). The articles were published in 48 journals pertaining to 8 categories, 44 corresponding to Dentistry. The most frequent study design was the cross-sectional (n=48). Although all subfields were well represented, the most frequent ones were "treatment", "sleep disorders" and "clinical characteristics/cephalometry". The most prominent keywords were "malocclusion" and "cephalometry".
Conclusions: Using RCR, a time- and field-normalized metric, one can identify influential articles in MB, a multidisciplinary research field of great importance for orthodontics. Because this bibliometric approach reduces the time from publication to the detection of an article´s importance for readers, it could be a valid alternative to using citation counts
Elision of intervocalic /d/ in speech of the most recent presidents of the Andalusian government
No full textEn este estudio realizaremos una investigación sociolingüística sobre la variación lingüística de un fenómeno fonético concreto en el habla de los dos últimos presidentes del gobierno de Andalucía: Susana Díaz Pacheco y Juan Manuel Moreno Bonilla. El fenómeno fonético mencionado es la elisión del fonema dental aproximante sonoro en posición intervocálica. Para ser más exactos, llevaremos a cabo un análisis de la pronunciación del sonido /d/ en posición intervocálica en el habla de estos políticos, teniendo en cuenta su relevancia política. De esta manera, seremos capaces de estudiar cómo Susana Díaz y Juanma Moreno conforman su identidad lingüística a través de la realización de un segmento aproximante sonoro. Partiendo, por tanto, de esa variable lingüística y de sus respectivas variantes lingüísticas dependientes, tomaremos igualmente en consideración algunas variables lingüísticas independientes y analizaremos cuáles son los factores extralingüísticos que determinan la pronunciación de dichos políticos andaluces. Primeramente, especificaremos la presencia o no de una notable variación lingüística según su sexo y su militancia política; seguidamente, observaremos si existe divergencia en su forma de pronunciar la /d/ intervocálica cuando se encuentran sumergidos en un área lingüística diferente a la suya propia y que es, además, considerada como más prestigiosa. Y, finalmente, trataremos de localizar las posibles disimilitudes en distintos tipos de discurso. Para poder alcanzar los objetivos aquí planteados, haremos uso de un corpus íntegramente oral que recopila ejemplos reales. En nuestros resultados hemos podido comprobar que, en efecto, existen variaciones lingüísticas relativas a la pronunciación del fonema dental aproximante sonoro en las intervenciones de algunos presidentes andaluces, quienes intentan acercarse a la realización meridional de este fonema, esto es, la elisión total del mismo. Sin embargo, aún sigue siendo notablemente predominante la realización centro-septentrional del sonido aquí analizado y, por ende, una indiscutible convergencia, en términos generales, hacia el español estándar.In this study we will carry out a sociolinguistic research on linguistic variation of a specific phonetic
phenomenon in the speech of the last two presidents of the Andalusian government: Susana Díaz
Pacheco and Juan Manuel Moreno Bonilla. The above-mentioned phonetic phenomenon is the elision
of the voiced approximant dental phoneme in intervocalic position. To be more exact, we will present
an analysis of the pronunciation of the sound /d/ in the intervocalic position during the talks of
those politicians, taking into account their political relevance. Thus, we will be able to study how
Susana Díaz and Juanma Moreno shape their linguistic identity through the realization of a voiced
approximant segment. Focusing therefore on this linguistic variable and its respective dependent
linguistic variants, we will also take into consideration some independent linguistic variables and
we will analyse the extralinguistic factors that determine the pronunciation of these Andalusian
politicians. Firstly, we will examine the presence or absence of a notable linguistic variation according
to their sex and political militancy. Secondly, we will observe whether there is any divergence in their
ways of pronouncing the intervocalic /d/ when they are immersed in a different linguistic area which
is, in addition, considered more prestigious than their own area. Finally, we will also consider the
possible distinctions in different types of discourse. In order to achieve the objectives set out here,
we will use an entirely oral corpus that collects real examples. Our results show that there are indeed
some linguistic variations related to the pronunciation of the voiced approximant dental phoneme in
the interventions of some Andalusian presidents who try to get closer to the southern realization of
this phoneme, in other words, its total elision. However, the central-northern realization of the sound
analysed here still remains highly predominant and, consequently, an indisputable convergence, in
general terms, towards standard Spanish
Transparencias Tema 4 TC2: Estimación de parámetros mediante intervalos de confianza
No full textTransparencias de clase del Tema 4 de la asignatura Técnicas Cuantitativas 2 sobre el método del estadístico pivote y construcción de intervalos de confianza procedentes de poblaciones normales