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糖尿病患者における局所抗菌薬を用いた歯周治療後のMild Cognitive Impairment関連血中バイオマーカーの変化の検討：無作為化比較試験データの二次解析
Get PDF新潟大学博士（歯学）Objectives This article investigates the changes in blood-based biomarkers associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) risk in type 2 diabetic patients following local antibiotic periodontal treatment.
Materials and Methods A secondary analysis of data from a 24-week randomized controlled trial was conducted, involving 27 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. Participants received periodontal treatment biweekly from baseline until the 6th week of the study. Fourteen patients in intervention group received scaling with local antibiotic adjunct (Periofol 2%). The outcomes were periodontal inflammation score, which was measured using periodontal inflamed surface area, the inflammation markers levels (tumor necrosis factor-α, C-reactive protein, and interleukin [IL]-6), and MCI risk score, which was assessed using protein plasma analysis through blood test. The evaluations were performed at baseline and week 24th in both groups. The changes in periodontal inflammation scores, inflammation parameters, and MCI risk in baseline and week 24th were analyzed.
Statistical Analysis The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used for within-group analysis and the Mann–Whitney U test was utilized for between-group analysis.
Results Periodontal parameters were improved in both groups (p < 0.05). IL-6, complement C3, and alpha-2-antiplasmin levels were significantly decreased in the intervention group (p < 0.05). In between-group comparisons, there was a significant difference between the control and intervention groups in apolipoprotein A1, apolipoprotein C1, and alpha-1-B glycoprotein levels in week 24th (p < 0.05).
Conclusion Even though the periodontal status showed significant improvement after being given local antibiotic periodontal treatment, the changes in MCI risk proteins plasma remained unclear.Ramadhani A, Tanaka A, Minagawa K, Takehara S, Yamada T, Sone H, Kaneko N, Nohno K, Ogawa H. Exploring the Changes in Mild Cognitive Impairment Blood-Based Biomarkers after Local Antibiotic Periodontal Treatment in Diabetic Patients: Secondary Analysis of Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial. Eur J Dent. 2025 Jul;19(3):749-757. doi: 10.1055/s-0044-1795115. Epub 2024 Dec 30. PMID: 39750521; PMCID: PMC12182401.新大院博（歯）第596
Animacy processing by distributed and interconnected networks in the temporal cortex of monkeys
Get PDF新潟大学Niigata University博士（医学）Animacy perception, the ability to discern living from non-living entities, is crucial for survival and social interaction, as it includes recognizing abstract concepts such as movement, purpose, and intentions. This process involves interpreting cues that may suggest the intentions or actions of others. It engages the temporal cortex (TC), particularly the superior temporal sulcus (STS) and the adjacent region of the inferior temporal cortex (ITC), as well as the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC). However, it remains unclear how animacy is dynamically encoded over time in these brain areas and whether its processing is distributed or localized. In this study, we addressed these questions by employing a symbolic categorization task involving animate and inanimate objects using natural movie stimuli. Simultaneously, electrocorticography were conducted in both the TC and dmPFC. Time-frequency analysis revealed region-specific frequency representations throughout the observation of the movies. Spatial searchlight decoding analysis demonstrated that animacy processing is represented in a distributed manner. Regions encoding animacy information were found to be dispersed across the fundus and lip of the STS, as well as in the ITC. Next, we examined whether these dispersed regions form functional networks. Independent component analysis revealed that the spatial distribution of the component with the most significant animacy information corresponded with the dispersed regions identified by the spatial decoding analysis. Furthermore, Granger causality analysis indicated that these regions exhibit frequency-specific directional functional connectivity, with a general trend of causal influence from the ITC to STS across multiple frequency bands. Notably, a prominent feedback flow in the alpha band from the ITC to both the ventral bank and fundus of the STS was identified. These findings suggest a distributed and functionally interconnected neural substrate for animacy processing across the STS and ITC.Ichwansyah R, Onda K, Egawa J, Matsuo T, Suzuki T, Someya T, Hasegawa I and Kawasaki K (2024) Animacy processing by distributed and interconnected networks in the temporal cortex of monkeys. Front. Behav. Neurosci. 18:1478439. doi: 10.3389/fnbeh.2024.1478439First publication by Frontiers Media新大院博(医)第1254
日本の肺移植レシピエントにおけるSARS-CoV-2 mRNAワクチン3回接種後の細胞性および液性免疫応答
Get PDF新潟大学Niigata University博士（医学）Background
Lung transplant (LTx) recipients are at higher risk of infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). There is an increasing demand for additional analysis regarding the efficacy and safety of after the initial series of mRNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in Japanese transplant recipients.
Method
In this open-label, nonrandomized prospective study carried out at Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Japan, LTx recipients and controls received third doses of either the BNT162b2 or the mRNA-1273 vaccine, and the cellular and humoral immune responses were analyzed.
Results
A cohort of 39 LTx recipients and 38 controls participated in the study. The third dose of SARS-CoV-2 vaccine promoted much greater humoral responses at 53.9 % of LTx recipients than after the initial series at 28.2 % of patients without increasing the risk of adverse events. However, still fewer LTx recipients responded to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein with the median IgG titer of 129.8 AU/mL and with the median IFN-γ level of 0.01 IU/mL when compared to controls with those of 7394 AU/mL and 0.70 IU/mL, respectively.
Conclusion
Although the third dose of mRNA vaccine in LTx recipients was effective and safe, impaired cellular and humoral responses to SARS-CoV-2 spike protein were noted. Given lower antibody production and establishing vaccine safety, repeating the administration of mRNA vaccine will lead to robust protection in such a high-risk population (jRCT1021210009).Masahiro Ui, Takashi Hirama, Miki Akiba, Masako Honda, Toshiaki Kikuchi, Yoshinori Okada,
Cellular and humoral immune responses after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine in lung transplant recipients in Japan,
Vaccine,
Volume 41, Issue 31,
2023,
Pages 4534-4540,
ISSN 0264-410X,
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.06.011.
(https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264410X23006631)新大院博(医)第1264
40-74歳の地域在住日本人における血中25-ヒドロキシビタミンD低値とC反応性タンパク質高値との関連
Get PDF新潟大学Niigata University博士（医学）Low blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) levels at which C-reactive protein (CRP) levels begin to rise vary. This study investigated the association between blood 25(OH)D and elevated CRP levels and determine the cut-off of low 25(OH)D for elevated CRP in middle-aged and older individuals in the Murakami cohort, Japan. This study used a cross-sectional study design with 2,863 subjects aged 40-74 years living in the community. Plasma 25(OH)D levels were determined with the Liaison® 25OH Vitamin D Total Assay, and serum high sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) levels were determined with a latex nephelometry assay using an automatic analyzer. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) for high hs-CRP (≥ 3 mg/L) with covariates including sex, age, BMI, physical activity, smoking, drinking, and disease history. Median age of subjects was 65 years, and median 25(OH)D level was 47.4 nmol/L. The proportion of subjects with high hs-CRP levels was 4.1%. The adjusted OR of 25(OH)D < 20 nmol/L was higher (OR = 3.22, 95% CI: 1.42-7.31) than that of the reference (25[OH]D 40-49 nmol/L). In subgroup analysis, the adjusted OR of 25(OH)D < 20 nmol/L was significantly higher than the reference in the BMI ≥ 22.8 (median) group (OR = 4.52) but not in the BMI < 22.8 group (OR = 1.61) (P for interaction = 0.0892), and the adjusted OR was significantly higher in the age ≥ 65 group (OR = 8.51) but not in the age < 65 group (OR = 2.22). Low blood 25(OH)D and high CRP levels were associated, with 25(OH)D 20 nmol/L being the cut-off, which was lower than previously reported values.Takuya Abe, Yumi Watanabe, Kaori Kitamura, Keiko Kabasawa, Toshiko Saito, Akemi Takahashi, Ribeka Takachi, Ryosaku Kobayashi, Rieko Oshiki, Shoichiro Tsugane, Kei Watanabe, Kazutoshi Nakamura, Association Between Low Blood 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and High C-Reactive Protein Levels in Community-Dwelling Japanese People Aged 40-74 Years, The Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine, 2025, Volume 265, Issue 4, Pages 193-200, Released on J-STAGE April 11, 2025, Advance online publication September 05, 2024, Online ISSN 1349-3329, Print ISSN 0040-8727, https://doi.org/10.1620/tjem.2024.J088, https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/tjem/265/4/265_2024.J088/_article/-char/en新大院博(医)第1267
ミャンマーの地域在住高齢者におけるソーシャルキャピタルと全死因死亡との関連：前向きコホート研究（2018-2022）
No full text新潟大学博士（医学）Background
Healthy aging is crucial in Asia given its rapidly aging society. Social capital, which refers to the resources derived from social networks, norms, and trust that facilitate cooperation and collective action within a community or society, has demonstrated health benefits for older adults. However, its impact varies by country. Most research focuses on high-income countries, with little attention on low- and middle-income countries.
Methods
This prospective cohort study examined the effects of social capital on all-cause mortality among older adults in Myanmar from 2018 to 2022, using structured questionnaires based on the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study. Multistage random sampling and face-to-face interviews were conducted with community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and above in Yangon and Bago in 2018. Subsequently, three waves of follow-up telephone surveys were conducted in 2020, 2021, and 2022. The questionnaires evaluated three components of social capital: civic participation, social cohesion, and social support, alongside baseline demographic information. Their impact on all-cause mortality was assessed using the Cox proportional hazards model with multiple imputations, adjusting for potential confounders including age, gender, body mass index, self-rated health, socioeconomic status, lifestyle, illness, and residential area.
Results
A total of 1200 individuals were followed for an average of 2.6 years (3123 person-years), with 143 all-cause deaths observed among 1031 participants. Bivariate analyses showed that participants who died were more likely to be older, underweight, have shorter daily walking times, live in Bago, and have less social support. Higher social support was significantly associated with lower mortality after adjusting for all covariates (HR = 0.80, 95% CI 0.69–0.94). Specifically, instrumental support, defined as the exchange of practical assistance, such as receiving or providing care during illness, was found to be protectively associated with mortality. When stratified by residential area, significant associations were found only in Bago, a rural area. Among older adults in Myanmar, instrumental support was a more prominent protector against all-cause mortality than emotional support, especially in rural areas.
Conclusions
Our findings indicate that social support networks play an important role in the survival of older adults in Myanmar, even under unstable social conditions.Ohaku, Y., Shirakura, Y., Nagamine, Y. et al. Association between social capital and mortality among community-dwelling older adults in Myanmar 2018–2022: a prospective cohort study. BMC Glob. Public Health 3, 21 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1186/s44263-025-00137-x新大院博（医）第1283
2023年のミャンマーにおける迅速診断検査陰性の急性呼吸器感染症患者の病原体サーベイランス：ライノウイルス及びエンテロウイルスの遺伝子型解析に焦点を当てて
Get PDF新潟大学博士（医学）This study explored the distribution and genetic characteristics of respiratory pathogens in outpatients with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in Yangon, Myanmar, during the 2023 rainy season. Among 267 patients who tested negative for influenza, RSV, and SARS-CoV-2 using rapid diagnostic tests, 84.6% were positive for at least one pathogen according to a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay, the BioFire® FilmArray® Respiratory Panel 2.1. The most common viruses detected were rhinovirus/enterovirus (RV/EV) at 37.8%, respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) at 22.4%, and human metapneumovirus (hMPV) at 10.0%. These pathogens co-circulated mainly from July to September, with RV/EV consistently predominant. Symptom comparison among RV/EV-, RSV-, and hMPV-infected patients showed similar clinical features, though fever was more common in hMPV cases. Among RV/EV-positive patients, 59.3% had single infections, while 40.7% experienced co-infections, especially with RSV and adenovirus. Genotyping identified 28 types from five species, primarily RV-A and RV-C, which were genetically diverse. One EV-D68 case was also found, emphasizing its potential risk. This study underscores the genetic diversity and clinical impact of RV/EV and stresses the importance of ongoing molecular surveillance in Myanmar’s post-COVID-19 context to inform effective public health responses.Sun, Y.; Tamura, T.; Kyaw, Y.; Setk, S.; Aye, M.M.; Tin, H.H.; Win, S.M.K.; Li, J.; Purnama, T.B.; Chon, I.; et al. Surveillance of Respiratory Pathogens Among Rapid Diagnostic Test-Negative Acute Respiratory Infection Patients in Myanmar in 2023, with a Focus on Rhinovirus and Enterovirus Genotyping. Viruses 2025, 17, 860. https://doi.org/10.3390/v17060860新大院博（医）第1284