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Antimicrobial Activity of some Plant Species Used for The Medical Purpose in Turkey
No full textİn this study, the antimicrobial activities of eight species plants, used for treatment of various diseases, wereinvestigated. The extracts of Rhus coriaria L., Pistacia terebinthus L. subsp. palestina, Centaurea virgata Lav.,Euphorbia macroclada Boiss., Ceterach officinarum DC., Echinophora tenuifolia L. subsp. sibthorpianal(Guss) Tutin, Equisetum romasissimum Desf., Umbilicus erectus DC. have been prepared with methanol andthe antimicrobial activities of these extracts have been examined on test microorganisms as follows:Staphylococcus aureus COWAN 1, Bacillus megaterium DSM 32, Klebsiella pneumoniae FMC 5, Escherichiacoli ATCC 25922, Candida albicans FMC 17, Candida glabrata ATCC 66032, C. tropicalis ATCC 13803,
Trichophyton sp. and Epidermophyton sp. by disc diffusion methods. The MIC values of plant extracts weredetermined acording to the microdilutions assays. Results from obtained experimental studies showed that theextracts of R. coriaria, P. terebinthus sub. sp. palestina, U. erectus and C. virgata have been inhibited the growth of all over the microorganisms used in the test at different ratio. But the extracts of E. macroclada, C.officinarum, E. tenuifolia, L. sibthorpianal, E. romasissimum had no effect against some bacteria, yeasts and dermatophyta used in study. Also, The MIC values of real extracts have been determined as 20 - 0.3125 mg/ml.FUBAP-135
Biochemical impacts of the textile dyes Remazol Brillant Blue R and Congo Red on the crayfish Astacus leptodactylus (Decapoda, Astacidae)
No full textIn this study, we determined the effects of the textile dyes Remazol Brillant Blue R (RBBR) and Congo Red (CR) on the enzymatic activities of Glutathione S-Transferase (GST), cytochrome P450 (CYP1A1) and Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), in hepatopancreas of Astacus leptodactylus. The crayfishes were exposed to 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/l of RBBR or CR, for 24 and 48 h. The recorded GST activity clearly increased after 24 or 48 h exposure to CR, compared to a control group (p<0.05), but the changes of GST activity depending on time and dose were not statistically significant in the RRBR group (p<0.05). The activity of CYP1A1 generally decreased, but LDH activity increased in the groups exposed to different doses of CR and RBBR, when compared to their control groups. Detoxification enzymes (as GST, and CYP1A1) and metabolic enzymes (as LDH) can be proven to make useful markers for further evaluating the physiological effects of CR and RBBR on crayfish
The examination of a variety of different ions added to the crown ether derivatives with high field NMR spectrometer
No full textThe current study involves the measurements of T 1 relaxation time of complexes three different crown ethers (4-aminobenzo-15-Crown-5, 1-Aza-18-Crown-6, 1-Aza-15-Crown-5) and two different ions sodium perchlorate (NaClO4), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4) by a 400 MHz NMR spectrometer. The association constants (K a) of the complexes were determined on the basis of the evaluation of these measurements using the Benesi-Hildebrand method that we have modified. These association constants were consistent with those obtained from 1H NMR titration technique. As a result, it can be speculated that binding constants could be measured using T 1 relaxation time when chemical shifts are very small or cannot be observed
Ortaokul 7. ve 8. sınıf öğrencilerinin matematiksel akıl yürütme becerilerinin incelenmesi
No full textBu araştırmanın amacı, matematiksel akıl yürütme becerisi hakkında genel anlamda bilgi verdikten sonra ortaokul 7. ve 8.
Sınıf öğrencilerinin matematiksel akıl yürütme beceri düzeylerini ölçmek, ve bazı değişkenler açısından incelemektir. Araştırma nicel
araştırma yöntemlerinden tarama modeli kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Çalışmada veri toplama aracı olarak araştırmacı tarafından
geliştirilmiş olan Matematiksel Akıl Yürütme Beceri Testi (MAYBT) kullanılmıştır. Veri toplama aracı demografik bilgileri içeren birinci
bölüm ile matematiksel akıl yürütme ile alakalı 20 adet çoktan seçmeli sorudan oluşan ikinci bölümden oluşmaktadır. Elde edilen
veriler SPSS programı yardımıyla analiz edilmiştir. Çalışmada betimsel istatistikler verildikten sonra öğrencilerin okudukları sınıf
düzeyi ve cinsiyet değişkenlerine göre farklılaşmayı test etmek için bağımsız örneklem t-testi; anne-baba eğitim durumuna göre
farklılaşmayı ölçmek için ANOVA testi yapılmıştır Araştırmanın bulgularına göre ortaokul öğrencilerinin matematiksel akıl yürütme
becerilerinin orta düzeyde olduğu, anne-baba eğitim durumlarına göre ortaokul öğrencilerinin matematiksel akıl yürütme becerilerinin
anlamlı bir şekilde farklılaştığı, cinsiyet, sınıf düzeyi ve kardeş sayısına göre ise anlamlı bir farklılığın olmadığı tespit edilmişti
Yerli İneklerden Elde Edilen Sütlerden Üretilen Kefirin pH ve Laktik Asit Bakteri Değerleri
No full textKefir probiyotik bir süt ürünü olarak önemli bir gıdadır. Kefirin tarihi çok eski zamanlara dayanmaktadır. Sütün mayalanması ile elde edilen fermente bir üründür. Üretimi sırasında laktik asit bakterilerinin büyük önemi bulunmaktadır.
Bu çalışmada mayalanan kefir örnekleri belli zamanlarda pH ve laktik asit bakterileri yönünden analiz edilmiştir. Çalışma kapsamında incelenen kefir örneklerinin analiz sonuçlarına bakıldığında pH ve laktik asit bakterileri sayılarının zamana bağlı değişimleri incelenmiştir. Çalışmada pH değerleri ve laktik asit bakteri sayıları belirlenmiştir. Araştırmada pH ve laktik asit bakteri değerleri sırasıyla ortalama 6.60 ±0.02, 3.87 ±0.03, 3.80 ±0.02, 3.79 ±0.03 ve 8.00, 7.50, 8.30, 8.70 log kob/g olarak bulunmuştur. Çalışma sonuçlarına göre, zaman faktörünün asitlik seviyesi üzerine etkili olduğu yani zaman geçtikçe pH’ nın düştüğü ve laktik asit bakterilerinin sayısının arttığı belirlenmiştir
Length-Weight and Length-Length Relationships of Alburnus mossulensis and Acanthobrama marmid (Heckel, 1843) in Karasu River (Turkey)
No full textIn this study, the length-weight relationships and length-length relationships were determined for A. mossulensis and A. marmid (Heckel, 1843)) collected in the 15 different site of Karasu River (Tributary of Fırat River). A total of 228 individuals for A. mossulensis and 365 for A. marmid were caught by electroshocker between October 2014 and September 2015. The total length-weight relationships were estimated as W=0.0128L2.81 (r2=0.93) for A. mossulensis and W=0.0055L3.30 (r2=0.97) for A. marmid. The types of growth for all specimens were found negative allometric for A. mossulensis and positive allometric for A. marmid. Length-length relationships were calculated as TL=0.36111.0737FL, FL=0.31321.0549SL and SL=0.07090.8325TL for A. mossulensis and TL=0.20431.0767FL, FL=0.10621.0999SL and SL=0.11250.8047TL for A. marmid
Erzincan ilindeki ailelerin balık tüketimi tercihlerinin belirlenmesi
No full textAraştırma sonuçlarına göre Erzincan İlinde bireylerin (Toplam: 213, Bayan 101, Bay:213) daha çok tavuk eti tükettikleri görülmüştür. En az tüketilen etin ise genellikle balık eti olduğu görülmüştür. Balık etinin genel olarak ayda bir kez tüketildiği, haftalara bölündüğünde ise haftada bir kere tüketildiği sonucuna varılmıştır
Some population parameters of salmo trutta macrostigma (Dumeril, 1858) in Munzur River (Turkey)
No full textObjective: This study was carried out to determine the some population parameters of Salmo trutta macrostigma (Dumeril, 1858) whose economic value is quite high and living in Munzur River. It was aimed to provide the necessary data to protection of this species in its natural environment.
Methods: A total of 165 fish sample examined in the study was caught by using fishing line, cover net, gill net and electro-shocker between January 2015 and December 2015 in the Munzur River (Turkey). After the length and weight of fish samples was measured in the laboratory, age of the fish was determined by using scale. Some population characters were confirmed by means of standard methods. FAO-ICLARM FISAT II Pocket Program was used to determine the von Bertalanffy growth parameters.
Results and Discussion: The female-male ratio of population consisting of I-VIII age groups was found as 1:0.96. The regression coefficient (b) in the length-weight relationship was determined as 2.9854 (isometric) for females, as 2.7251 (allometric) for males and as 2.8509 (allometric) for all population. The total lengths and weights of examined fish samples were varied from 12 cm to 36 cm and from 22.9 g to 490 g, respectively. Mean condition factor of all age groups of populations was calculated as 1.19. The highest relative growth rate (31.41%) was occurred between II and III age groups. von Bertalanffy growth parameters of population were calculated as L∞=55.8 cm, K=0.10 year-1, t0=-1.61 year, W∞=1949.6 g for female, as L∞=56.58 cm, K=0.08 year-1, t0=-2.06 year, W∞=1696.3 g for male and as L∞=55.5 cm, K=0.09 year-1, t0=-1.89 year, W∞=1756.5 for all population. Growth performance index (Φ') used to compare of growth parameters obtained from different studies was calculated as 2.49 for female, 2.41 for male and 5.62 for all population
Investigation of Optimum Conditions for Efficient COD Reduction in Synthetic Sulfamethazine Solutions by Pleurotus eryngii var. ferulae using Response Surface Methodology,
No full textThis study aims to explore the optimum conditions for P. eryngii var. ferulae in adsorption of ulfamethazine (SM) from synthetic solutions via reduction of chemical oxygen demand (COD). The optimum conditions were optimized using the response surface methodology (RSM) developed by the application of the quadratic model associated with the central composite design.
For this aim, RSM was employed to determine the effects of some parameters on this adsorption process by fungal biomass as an effective and available adsorbent. The investigated parameters were initial concentration of sulfamethazine (70–235 mg L−1), solution pH (3–7), adsorbent dosage (0.3–1.5 g), and contact time (5–25 min). The significant factors on each experimental design response were identified from the analysis of variance. The results of RSM analyzes revealed that optimum conditions of initial SM concentration, pH, adsorbent dosage, and contact time for maximum COD removal (82%) were achieved as 400 mg L−1, 11, 1.46 g, and 15.4 min, respectively.
The results showed that dead biomass of P. eryngii var. ferulae were an appropriate adsorbent for the removal of COD in the SM medium from synthetic solutions
Determination of Pollution and Heavy MetalFractions in Golden Horn Sediment Sludge(Istanbul,Turkey)
No full textIn our study we studied pollution and heavy metal fractions in the Golden Horn (Istanbul, Turkey).
This area has been exposed to domestic and industrial pollution for many years. Concentrations of Zn,
Cr, Cu, Pb, Cd, and Ni heavy metals were determined in the study that was conducted to monitor
the current state of pollution and changing conditions in the polluted estuary. Mean heavy metal
concentrations were found as: Zn 70-260, Cr 26-110, Cu 70-135, Pb 8-50, Cd 0.1-2, and Ni 10-38 mg/
kg. Results of the analysis showed that metal concentrations were usually low, indicating that the
sediment was not too polluted in the present case. The range of ratios, different fractions of metal
concentrations, and total metal concentrations in the samples were critical for potential toxicity
and mobility of metals. Results of the analysis showed that heavy metal fractions in the sediment
were usually found in residual forms. The values obtained in the study were also compared with the
literature. It was found that surface sediments in the Golden Horn were less polluted than other areas.
Establishment of sewer collectors and wastewater treatment plants has improved the heavy metal levels
in the sediment