Archivio istituzionale della ricerca - Università degli Studi di Venezia Ca' Foscari
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Early-life environment shapes claw bilateral asymmetry in the European lobster (Homarus gammarus)
Full text linkDevelopmental plasticity refers to an organism’s ability to adjust its
development in response to changing environmental conditions,
leading to changes in behaviour, physiology, or morphology. This
adaptability is crucial for survival and helps organisms to cope with
environmental challenges throughout their lives. Understanding the
mechanisms underlying developmental plasticity, particularly how
environmental and ontogenetic factors shape functional traits, is
fundamental for both evolutionary biology and conservation efforts. In
this study we investigated the effects of early-life environmental
conditions on the development of claw asymmetry in juvenile
European lobsters (Homarus gammarus, N=244), a functional trait
essential for survival and ecological success. Juveniles were randomly
divided between four different rearing conditions characterized by the
presence or absence of physical enrichments (e.g. substrate and
shelters), which were introduced at different developmental stages in
separated groups to assess the timing and nature of their effect.Results
revealed that exposure to substrate alone, without additional stimuli,
consistently promoted claw asymmetry, regardless of the timing of its
introduction, while the 6th developmental stage emerged as the critical
period for claw differentiation. By identifying the environmental factors
that influence developmental outcomes in lobsters, and the timing of
these effects, this study improves our understanding of developmental
plasticity and offers valuable insights for optimizing conservation
aquaculture and reintroduction strategies
Machiavelli e il materialismo delle passioni. Introduzione
Full text linkThis special issue reframes Machiavelli through a “materialism of the passions”: affects are not residues to be disciplined but constitutive energies that organize, unsettle, and regenerate political life. Drawing on a Lucretian naturalism, the essays map how desire, fear, laughter, and resentment operate beneath formal order, making conflict not a pathology to cure but a generative condition of freedom. The opening studies trace a non-transcendent account of the multitude and theorize collective desire as a negative, world-opening force, exemplified by Rome’s refusal to colonize Antium and Pacuvio Calavo’s ruse at Capua. Subsequent contributions examine laughter and parody in Discorsi I, 4 as rhetorical devices that disarm the fear of tumult; recast Machiavellian realism and virtù via the governance of passions in the Istorie fiorentine; and situate Machiavelli within broader cultural-political imaginaries—from the myth of the Swiss in European nation-building to Schmitt’s concepts of commissarial and sovereign dictatorship (Discorsi I, 34–37). Taken together, the volume presents Machiavelli as a theorist of complexity for whom political vitality emerges from the incessant oscillation between order and conflict, and for whom the passions are the deep motor of both cohesion and crisis
Multi-modality for All. Tecniche di sottotitolazione e trascrizione automatica in approccio human-centered.
Full text linkIl crescente utilizzo delle captions automatiche solleva le questioni 1) dell’affidabilità di questi strumenti nel sostenere i meccanismi di decodifica e la comprensione del linguaggio nei parlanti di inglese L2 e 2) i potenziali effetti degli errori su questi processi. La letteratura esistente ha mostrato come l’utilizzo di features grafiche nel testo delle captions (ad es., parole colorate) che mostrino il grado di sicurezza dei sistemi ASR nella loro trascrizione aumenta il grado di affidabilità nelle trascrizioni automatiche dell'utente.
Questa tesi dottorale riporta i risultati di tre studi. Il primo studio ha esaminato le abitudini degli studenti universitari (ITA L1, ENG L2) nell'utilizzo di vari tipi di sottotitoli per favorire la decodifica e la comprensione della L2, nonché le loro opinioni sull'uso delle captions automatiche durante le lezioni accademiche tenute in inglese. Il secondo studio ha valutato le prestazioni di un sistema ASR analizzando trascrizioni provenienti da contesti reali e ha valutato l'affidabilità dei valori di confidence per creare un set di elementi grafici (schemi di colori) che indichino agli utenti la probabilità di correttezza delle parole nelle captions automatiche. Il terzo studio mirava a valutare 1) gli effetti sulla comprensione delle captions automatiche in contesto accademico e 2) l'impatto degli elementi grafici nelle captions automatiche sulla comprensione nei parlanti di inglese L2, nonché l'utilità di tali elementi grafici. Sebbene i diversi tipi di features grafiche sperimentali non abbiano influenzato la comprensione dei contenuti, i partecipanti hanno riferito di aver trovato la presenza di errori nelle captions distraente, riducendo così l'utilità delle captions stesse.The growing availability of automatically generated (ASR) captions raises the question of whether these systems can be immediately assumed to be helpful in aiding speech processing and content comprehension in L2 speakers of English or whether the presence of errors harms these processes. Previous research has shown that providing graphical cues in the text of captions (e.g., colored words) about the confidence levels of ASR systems can enhance user reliability in automatic transcriptions.
Intending to expand the existing literature on the topic, this doctoral thesis reports on the results of three studies. Study 1 examined the habits of university students (L1 Italian, L2 speakers of English) in using audiovisual translation products to aid speech processing and content comprehension when watching audiovisual products in their L2, as well as their views on the use of automatic captions during academic lectures delivered in English. Study 2 assessed the performance of an ASR system by analyzing transcripts from real-world contexts and evaluated the reliability of confidence scores in building a set of graphical (color-coded) features indicating to users the probability of correctness of the words in the automatic captions. Study 3 aimed to assess 1) the effects of ASR-generated captions in an academic setting and 2) the impact of the graphical features in the automatic captions on L2 speakers' content comprehension, as well as the helpfulness of these graphical features. While the different sets of experimental graphical features did not affect overall content comprehension, participants reported that they found the presence of errors in the captions challenging and distracting, thus reducing the utility of having the supporting text
Il caso di BiGraFo: una riflessione intorno alle ontologie bibliografiche
Full text linkThis paper presents the outcomes of the BiGraFo project, launched in September 2023 at the University of Siena with the aim of creating a semantic catalogue dedicated to the works of Franco Fortini. The catalogue is currently published on a platform developed using Omeka S. The paper focuses particularly on the methodological, heuristic, and applied dimensions of the modeling process, situating the project within a broader reflection on ontologies for managing bibliographic and archival data. At the same time, the specificities of Fortini’s case are highlighted: his extensive literary and critical production, republished multiple times in different editorial contexts, posed a significant challenge in representing his oeuvre
Rocca G., Sarullo G., Il cippo del Foro. Nuove letture e prospettive euristiche
No full textRecensione di monografi
(Mis)information diffusion and the financial market
No full textThis paper investigates the interplay between information diffusion in social networks and its impact on financial markets with an Agent-Based Model (ABM). Agents receive and exchange information about an observable stochastic component of the dividend process of a risky asset à la Grossman and Stiglitz (1980). A small proportion of the network has access to a private signal about the component, which can be clean (information) or distorted (misinformation). Other agents are uninformed and can receive information only from their peers. All agents are Bayesian, adjusting their beliefs according to the confidence they have in the source of information. We examine, by means of simulations, how information diffuses in the network and provide a framework to account for delayed absorption of shocks, that are not immediately priced as predicted by classical financial models. We investigate the effect of the network topology on the resulting asset price and evaluate under which condition misinformation diffusion can make the market more inefficient
Utopian ahiṃsā and the violence inherent in food in early Buddhism: Pāli texts vis-à-vis early Upaniṣads and Aśoka edicts
Full text linkThe present contribution aims to analyse some early Buddhist tenets in the Suttanipāta (verses: 220-221). According to this text, the layman cannot fully practise ahiṃsā (non-violence / non-harmfulness) while, in contrast, the monk always protects animals; the layman never being equal to a monk due to the latter’s meditative practice. The study will explore how violence is inextricably connected with food through the analysis of some of the stages presented in the Sāmaññaphalasutta’s Buddhist path of liberation and the foundational myth in the Aggaññasutta. These two texts will be confronted with Upaniṣadic evidence to contextualise these ideas in a broad Indian ascetic milieu. Finally, we will investigate how the Suttanipāta’s principle, according to which the monk always protects animals, has been assimilated and utilised by King Aśoka Maurya, with a particular reference to the Rock Edict 1
Media bias and polarization through the lens of a Markov switching latent space network model
Full text linkNews outlets are now more than ever incentivized to provide their audience with slanted news, while the intrinsic homophilic nature of online social media may exacerbate polarized opinions. Here we propose a new dynamic latent space model for time-varying online audience-duplication networks, which exploits social media content to conduct inference on media bias and polarization of news outlets. We contribute to the literature in several directions: (1) Our model provides a novel measure of media bias that combines information from both network data and text-based indicators; (2) we endow our model with Markov-switching dynamics to capture polarization regimes while maintaining a parsimonious specification; (3) we contribute to the literature on the statistical properties of latent space network models. The proposed model is applied to a set of data on the online activity of national and local news outlets from four European countries in the years 2015 and 2016. We find evidence of a strong positive correlation between our media slant measure and a well-grounded external source of media bias. In addition, we provide insight into the polarization regimes across the four countries considered
Angelo Clareno traducteur d'une lettre de Jean Chrysostome
Full text linkManuscript witnesses, incipit, and explicit of Pseudo-Chrysostom’s Epistula ad Cyriacum translated by Angelo Clareno (+1337)
Nota introduttiva (saggi di Francesco Mora su Simmel)
No full textGeorg Simmel was undoubtedly the author to whom Francesco Mora, throughout his scholarly career, most frequently directed his critical attention. The four essays selected for this volume also testify to the continuity of his work on Simmel, from his debut essay in 1985 to the contributions devoted, more than thirty years later, to "The Meaning of Life and Conflict" (2018) and the expression "Forms of Life" (2018). The Venetian philosopher's hermeneutic objective, which will also be central to the two monographs, and, in particular, to the one on the "Principle of Reciprocity": to trace the apparently eclectic and panoramic nature of Simmelian work back to the common thread of a unitary interpretation