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Feature Articles “Japanese Studies and Transnationalism” (The 4th EU-Japan Young Scholars Workshop /2021 International New Generation Workshop) : They Came from beyond the Sea : Castaways and the Transnational Cultural Exchange during the Edo Period
Get PDFMere thirty years after its establishment in 1603, the Tokugawa shogunate had already enacted a strict system of border control through a series of edicts published between 1633 and 1639. It had forced all Westerners except the Dutch out of the country and forbidden the Japanese from ever leaving the archipelago.Although the shogunate imposed numerous restrictions on the displacement of warships, these limitations rarely affected privately operated civilian craft, merchant ships and fishing boats still swooping around between the islands as if nothing had happened. Unfortunately, these vessels were not fit for the seas that they were navigating on. Battered by rain sharper than arrows, crushed by waves high as mountains, the sailors were defenceless and their fate unenviable. There was a word for these unfortunate souls condemned to drift: “hyōryūmin”.Many of them disappeared without leaving a trace, some of them survived, rescued by foreign ships or reaching solid ground in Europe, America and other places. Those who chose to remain where the storms had taken them studied and lived, worked and died amongst strangers. A few managed to return to Japan, either almost immediately or after many years spent away from home, and they seldom came back empty-handed, bringing with them strange new technologies and concepts, knowledge about exotic places such as the United States or the Russian Empire.Let us examine how the hyōryūmin contributed to the transnational cultural exchange between Japan and the West in a time when seemingly there was none..
Misuse analysis of "man zu" and "man yi" of Chinese synonyms based on language corpus : Focus on Japanese learners
Get PDFJapan’s High-Technology : Start-up Landscape
Get PDFThis research paper provides the recent landscape of high-technology start-ups in Japan. First, this paper analyzes the state of high-technology start-ups based on several quantitative metrics including market capitalization of listed companies, number of unicorns and number of start-ups. Second, this paper examines the start-up ecosystem from the lenses of entrepreneurship and access to capital. The low level of entrepreneurship and limited access to capital are barriers that are deeply rooted within Japan’s own idiosyncrasies, culture, and social patterns. This paper concludes that in the last two decades, the Japanese government has implemented various policies to create a vibrant ecosystem for its high-technology start-ups, but it remains a slow takeoff
FABRICATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF HIGH-PERFORMANCE CARBON NANOTUBE REINFORCED MAGNESIUM COMPOSITES
Get PDFOver the past couple of decades, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have been receiving much attention because of their excellent properties such as light weight, high elastic modulus, and high strength. However, it is known that CNTs aggregate in a state where tubes are entangled with each other due to π-π interaction and van der Waals force. To reflect the superior properties of CNTs in the composites, it is necessary to separate and disperse them to the level of each other. In this study, CNTs were put into an organic solvent (DMAc) with a dispersant ((NH_4)_2CO_3), which were followed by ultrasonic treatments to prevent CNT aggregation and separate/ disperse CNTs. To fabricate CNT/ Mg composites containing a small amount of Sn, CNTs and Mg with Sn powders were mixed and consolidated by spark plasma sintering (SPS). How the dispersing treatments affect states of dispersion of CNTs and mechanical properties of the CNT/ Mg composites was investigated. Microstructures of the composites were observed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) with EDS, and transmission electron microscope (TEM). Mechanical properties were investigated on Vickers hardness, anisotropic tensile behavior and fatigue life and fracture. The Bauschinger effect was also investigated by tension-compression tests
ERGODIC CELLULAR AUTOMATON NEURON MODEL FOR A VIRTUAL CLINICAL TRIAL OF NEURAL PROSTHESIS
Get PDFA novel cellular automaton neuron model and its cellular differentiation method are presented. It is shown that the differentiation method enables the neuron model to reproduce typical nonlinear responses of a given neuron model. Then a virtual clinical trial of neural prosthesis is executed, i.e., a target neuron model in a network composed of biologically plausible differential equation neuron models is replaced with the presented neuron model that is differentiated to reproduce the target neuron model. The presented neuron model is implemented in a field programmable gate array and the virtual clinical trial is validated by experiments. The results show the presented neuron model is much more hardware-efficient compared to a simplified differential equation neuron model
PERCEPTION OF PASSABLE PATHS USING MULTIPLE BLURRED IMAGES AND IMPLEMENTATION ON A SMALL ROBOT
Get PDFAutonomous robots need to search for passable paths in order to adaptively behave in unknown environments. In previous research, a method to search for passable paths using two blurred images was proposed, focusing on the special retinal structure of the jumping spider. However, conventional methods have problems in that they require known information and misidentify a gentle slope as an obstacle. In this study, we propose a new method that improves these problems by using five blurred images. We implemented the proposed method on a small robot and conducted running experiments. We confirmed that the proposed method can evaluate the passability of a slope only based on information such as the number of points where the sign of the difference in blurring amount changes (changing points)
Electrical control of ZnO random lasing characteristics by liquid crystals
Get PDFRandomly shaped luminescent materials such as semiconductor powder can act as a component of random laser. Because of the simplicity of the semiconductor powder random laser, it is a promising candidate for an inexpensive laser light source. In this thesis, we investigated the electrical controllability of lasing characteristics in random laser consisting of zinc oxide and liquid crystal hybrid thin films
LUMINESCENCE COLOR CONTROL OF COLLOIDAL SILICON NANOCRYSTALS FABRICATED BY LOW-TEMPERATURE HEAT CRACKING OF POROUS SILICON
Get PDFWe have developed a fabrication process for colloidal silicon nanocrystals exhibiting a wide-ranging visible luminescence color with the low-temperature heat cracking of porous silicon. Mixing of 10-Undecene-1-ol or N,N-dimethylaniline (DMA) in HF aqueous solution during the cracking process promotes chemical etching of silicon nanocrystals, resulting in the size reduction. We obtained red to green photo-emitting silicon nanocrystals by changing etching conditions. By analyzing the size distribution of the nanocrystals, we clarified that the emission color changes are caused by quantum size effect. In addition, we discussed the band structures and radiative transition mechanisms of silicon nanocrystals based on the absorption, photoluminescence excitation, and luminescence lifetime data