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OBSERVATION AND LONG-TIME ANALYSIS OF OUTBURSTS IN X-RAY BINARY SYSTEMS BY THE MONITOR OF ALL SKY X-RAY IMAGE “MAXI”
Get PDFBlack hole binary stars are normally faint, but they undergo sudden explosion called outbursts, which can increase their luminosity by several orders of magnitude in few days to few weeks. During the outburst, X-ray energy spectrum changes dramatically, transitioning from a high-energy hard state to a low-energy soft state. This state transition often follows a basically counterclockwise circular trajectory on the hardness intensity diagram. In this study, we investigated the outbursts of black hole binary stars and neutron star binary stars observed by Monitor of All-sky X-ray Image; MAXI. By comparing them, we found the characteristics of the outbursts
Photoreceiver Circuit Design Using Genetic Algorithm : Application to Gravitational Wave Telescope
Get PDFIn recent years, there have been several gravitational wave telescope projects to detect gravitational waves predicted by the general theory of relativity. Currently, one of the most mainstream detection methods is a laser interferometer-type gravitational wave telescope. In laser interferometry, a photoreceiver, which is a detector for receiving laser light, is necessary. The requirements placed on the photoreceiver generally include bandwidth, noise, power consumption, and size. For example, the space gravitational wave telescope LISA, which aims to observe gravitational waves in the low-frequency band that is difficult to detect on the ground, requires wide bandwidth (>25 MHz), low noise (2 Hz @25 MHz), size (<4 cm*4 cm), and power consumption (<50 mW) to observe weak gravitational waves. The objective of this research is to achieve multi-objective optimization that simultaneously solves the complex requirements imposed on photo receiver circuits by using genetic algorithms, which are characterized by their ability to solve problems that require a large amount of computation in a short period of time. As an introduction to the implementation of the algorithm, we used the circuit simulation software LTspice to convert the values of circuit elements, which are input information, into numerical data, and built a system to simulate the circuit using the programming language python. The algorithm was verified using a simulated circuit, and the values of two resistors in the circuit were optimized using a LISA Japan circuit
TRANSMISSION MODE OF PERILLA MOSAIC VIRUS BY ACULOPS THYMI
Get PDFPerilla mosaic virus (PerMV) is a novel virus of the genus Emaravirus and is transmitted by perilla rust mite, (Aculops thymi). Since PerMV was identified as a viral disease of Perilla, the ecology and genome of PerMV and the rust mite have been well investigated. However, the transmission mode and movement of PerMV are still unknown. Therefore, I clarified the transmission mode by the rust mite. As a result, the mite transmitted the virus after minimum inoculated access period of 15 minutes. The mite could not transmit PerMV despite acquiring it with a minimum acquired access period of 3 hours. I also examined the development of serological methods to determine the accumulation and the localized organization of PerMV in the rust mite body. My results showed that antibodies to P4 and P7 of PerMV are useful, respectively
CHARACTERIZATION AND GENOME SEQUENCE OF A NEW PLANT VIRUS PRESUMED TO BE CLASSIFIED IN THE GENUS PELARSPOVIRUS ISOLATED FROM ARALIA CORDATA, “TOKYO UDO”, AS ONE OF “EDO-TOKYO VEGETABLE”
Get PDFA virus disease showing mosaic symptoms was observed on Aralia cordata in a production field in Tokyo. Mechanical inoculation with crude sup to test plants showed necrotic or chlorotic spots on Chenopodium quinoa inoculated leaves, followed by establishment of isolates in each. Both isolates were purified by sucrose density gradient centrifugation, and spherical particles of about 35 nm in diameter were observed under a transmission electron microscope. In addition, a specific protein of about 37 kDa and RNA of 4~5 kb were observed in both. RT-PCR with a commercially available PCR Primer for Carmovirus-Pelarspovirus (Agdia) amplified the DNA fragment, which was used as the basis for deciphering a portion of the genome by primer walking. The sequences of both isolates were generally identical, and BLAST searches showed about 60% homology with viruses of the genus Pelarspovirus, which is in agreement with the criteria for species identification of the genus (both of homologies for amino acid sequence of RNA dependent RNA polymerase and coat protein <75%, respectively), indicating that this virus is likely to be a new species
<Book Reviews> TAKAGI Ikuro, The Epitaph of the Counter Power against the Establishment in Japan after the World War II : An Small Autobiography
Get PDF<Book Reviews> HORIKAWA Yuuri, Working Women during Wartime in Japan : Aiming to Achieve Gender Equality in the Workplace
Get PDF<Book Reviews> TANAKA Masako, Building Consensus on Tax Reform : Party Politics under Coalition Governments in Japan
Get PDFTakeo Hirose, Naval attaché to the Japanese Legation in St.Petersburg, Russia
Get PDFSince we have become used to peace, we don’t know true value of it. Happily we Japanese are not faced with the choice between war and peace, however, we do have many issues which threaten our peace. We must make efforts to promote world peace by setting matters amicably. Looking back upon the end of the 19th century, there was a time when Japan was tainted by imperialism of the European Powers. She wanted to wield power for example, by possessing a weaker nation, such as Korea.After the Meiji Restoration, Japan formulated the national policies for building up ‘a rich country with a strong army’ as well as ‘increasing production’ following examples of the Great Powers. The World Powers were bad examples of imperialism to imitate. The word, imperialism, stands (symbolizes) aggresive tendencies to wield power and expand territories as well. Japan was also on the side of imperialism. Japan defeated the Empire of China in the Sino-Japanese War (1894-5) against general expectations. The victory not only enticed her to be a first-class power in the East but also incited her military ambition.The great victory against China, one of the Powers in the World, aroused intense patriotic sentiment among the Japanese. People became patriotic after the Sino-Japanese War.The Samurai (i.e. warrior) class built a peculiar morals (i.e. the Bushido, Japanese Knighthood) learning sinology for 270 years during the Edo period. The Japanese Chivalry consisted of the following: 1) loyalty and patriotism to one’s master or the Emperor 2) thrift, diligence and militarism 3) temperance and good manners. The Bushido ideas based on the teaching of Confucism lasted until mid-thirty of the Meiji (i.e. 1897～1906). Takeo Hirose (1868 ～ 1904) was the type of a man with the Bushido spirit.He was a native of Bungo (i.e. Ōita Prefecture). He was the second son of Shigetake Hirose, former samurai, who was a judge. Takeo was first educated at a private school and primary school. Later he studied at the Kogyokusha, a kind of prep school for the Naval College, in Tokyo. After finishing the school he was admitted to enter the Naval College on his second attempt in 1885. Some years after graduating from the school, he was appointed a naval cadet. In the Sino-Japanese War, he worked for supply bases.In 1897 he was ordered to serve on the Naval General Staff （軍令部） and soon after that he was appointed as naval attaché to the Japanese Legation in St. Petersburg. Russia. During his four and a half years there, he took lessons in Russian and French without remarkable progress. As a naval attaché, his duties were to obtain information on the Russian Navy which was a strict secrecy. He supplied his home office with information that he collected from a newspaper named, ‘Novoye Vremya’ (The New Time) or using literature on the Russian Navy as materials.While in St. Petersburg, he toured the Caspian Sea, and the Black Sea and visited naval establishments in England, France, Germany, and the Baltic States. He was ordered to return home in Jan., 1902. On his way back to Japan, he went to Irkutsk by train and then he crossed Siberia using three sleds and went to Port Arthur（旅順）, in Manchuria, by train, investigating the geographical features along his route. From Port Arthur to Nagasaki, he used a steamer. He was a great traveler. He returned to Tokyo in March, 1903 and was soon ordered to board the battleship, ‘Asahi’, as a divisional officer for torpedoes.The war in Manchuria was becoming imminent. Japan declared war against Russia in Feb., 1904. Prior to the declaration, a Japanese squadron under Rear-Admiral Uryu attacked two Russian vessels, outside the port of Chemulpo （仁川）, The Varyag, a protected cruiser of 6500 tons displacement and the Koreets, a gunboat of 1,213 tons.The Varyag, sustaining heavy fire, went down. The Koreets sank in the sea, after a suicidal explosion.At the outbreak of war, Hirose was engaged in the campaign to block the mouth of Port Arthur on 24, Feb., 1904, commanding the HokokuMaru （報国丸）. But the ship missed the designated target, so Hirose and his men escaped from the ship after explosion. On the second blockade of Port Arthur carried out on 27, March, four ships were used. Hirose approached a point about two miles distance from other ships commanding the FukuiMaru （福井丸）.When a fleet of Japanese vessels gained steadily upon a point, the enemy’s searchlights found them and began firing from the forts and torpedo boats. Hirose was determined to accomplish the blockde near at the mouth of the harbour when the FukuiMaru was stuck by a torpedo from a Russian destroyer. She exploded and began sinking. Hirose and his men jumped into a boat, however warrant officer Sugino （杉野） was missing. So he went thrice back to the sinking ship searching for him at the peril of his life. But he couldn’t find him. Shigeno seemed to have died due to torpedo’s explosion. The waves were washing the upper deck. Finally Hirose jumped into the boat which began leaving the ship when suddenly a shot pierced his brain and his body was thrown into the sea, leaving a fragment† of his body in the boat. † The Russo-Japanese War, fully illustrated, No.I, Kinkido Publishing Co and Z.P.Maruya & Co., 1904, p.101Commander Hirose died at the age of 36. He was a bachelor whereas Sugino (39) had a wife and three children. In Hirose’s view, a wife is not necessary for military or naval men, He knew how to live and die soldierly. He didn’t like smoking and drinking and led a sober life. His only hobby was Jūdo. He was kind to everybody, treating people impartially. He never talked about his exploits. He was modest and humane and a loyalist and patriot. He wrote in his life some 360 letters which show his respectable character well.He was also a man of humour. He excited his men’s laughter by felling the theory of ‘Kintama’ (i.e. the balls). He said that our testicles would be a test of our courage. When they dangle from the thigh, it means we are bold when they are smaller, we are timid. Hirose asked his men to touch their balls again and again to boost up their morale when leaving the FukuiMaru at Port Arthur.Though Hirose’s lifework was ‘Russian Studies’, they broke down in the middle due to his death. While in St. Petersburg he became intimate with the Russian officers and civilians being given free access to their homes and villas. A girl named Ariazuna, a daughter of a high ranking naval officer, became his close friend. Hirose died leaving his will to her in Russian
