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The Effect of Temperature on the Development of Oil Palm Pollinating Elaeidobius kamerunicus in Laboratory
No full textE. kamerunicus are the main pollinators of oil palm (Elaeis guineensis), and
their success is highly influenced by environmental factors, particularly
temperature. This study aimed to examine the effect of temperature variation on the
development of E. kamerunicus and to determine the optimal temperature for its
life cycle. The research was conducted at the Oil Palm Resesarch Institute (IOPRI),
Plant Protection Entomology Laboratory, Unit Marihat, 369 meters above sea level
(masl), using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four temperature
treatments: 21-23°C, 26-28°C, 30-32°C, and 33-35°C. Observed parameters
include daily adult emergence, sex ratio, and morphometry. The results showed that
the 26-28°C temperature range is optimal, producing the highest number of adults,
and the fastest development time and a balanced sex ratio. Temperatures that are
too low or too high decrease developmental success. Environmental temperature
plays a crucial role in the effectiveness of E. kamerunicus as a pollinator, and the
optimal temperature range should be considered in oil palm plantation
management.45 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of the Effect of Current Regulation Using the Votol EM-150 BLDC Controller on Performance Balance and Energy Consumption of a 72V 39Ah Lithium-Ion Battery in an Electric Go-Kart Vehicle
No full textCurrent setting is a factor that affects the performance of electric vehicle systems and their energy consumption. Without proper current setting or limitation, the BLDC motor will operate with uncontrolled current, which can lead to issues such as overheating, overcurrent, performance imbalance, and a decrease in energy efficiency, potentially damaging components of the electric go-kart in the long run. This study aims to analyze the effect of current setting using the Votol EM150 BLDC controller on performance balance and energy consumption in an electric Gokart with a 72V 39Ah lithium-ion battery, at various current limit settings of 50 A, 55 A, 60 A, 65 A, and 70 A. A data logger is used to record data during testing. The results show that the fastest acceleration time for the 70 A current limit is 6.89 seconds, with the lowest energy consumption of 9.043 Wh compared to other current limits. In the 1-lap test, with a distance of 1,100 meters, the maximum speed at the 70 A current limit is 70 km/h, with a travel time of 88.31 seconds and an energy consumption of 93.782 Wh. This study develops a prediction model specifically for the Mini Fishing Circuit to determine lap time and energy per lap for the electric go-kart. With this model, the optimal current setting can be identified to meet the target time of ≤ 90 seconds per lap, a target of 34 laps, a target distance of 35 km, and the ability to complete 30 laps with 5% energy remaining. The prediction model also successfully forecasts the energy used, remaining energy, and the time required for each current limit to complete the target of 7 to 15 laps, which can be used as a basis for planning and managing energy in various race applications as well as for recreational or entertainment use.143 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Loan to Deposit, Debt to Asset, and Foreign Ownership Structure on Return on Asset in Banking Companies Listed on Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for The 2020–2024 Period
No full textThis study aims to examine the effect of loan to deposit, debt to asset, and foreign ownership structure on return on assets. This research employs a quantitative approach with banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period as the research object, totaling 47 companies. Of these, 44 companies were included in the population due to the unavailability of complete data for the remaining firms. The findings indicate that debt to asset has a negative and significant effect on return on assets, while loan to deposit and foreign ownership structure show no significant influence on return on assets.90 pagesSkripsi Sarjan
Implementation of IoT-Based Monitoring and Automatic Control on Gas Storage Systems from Multilayer Plastic Pyrolisis
No full textThe issue of plastic waste, particularly multilayer plastic, continues to escalate due to
its highly non-biodegradable nature. Pyrolysis offers an effective method for
converting plastic waste into gas that can be utilized as an alternative energy source.
In this research, an Internet of Things (IoT)–based gas storage system for pyrolysis
products was successfully designed and developed to enable real-time monitoring of
temperature and pressure, as well as automatic relay control throughout the
operational process. A Type-K thermocouple integrated with the MAX6675 module
was used to measure reactor temperature, while a pressure transmitter monitored the
gas pressure in the storage tank. All data were displayed on a 20×4 LCD and
transmitted to the ThingSpeak platform using the ESP8266 module. Automatic control
of the solenoid valves was implemented through a dual-relay system based on
predefined pressure limits. The experimental results showed that the pyrolysis process
successfully generated gas with temperature increasing from 35°C to approximately
240°C and pressure reaching up to 3 bar. Both temperature and pressure sensors
demonstrated stable and consistent performance, as reflected in both on-device
readings and IoT-based monitoring. The automatic control system effectively switched
relay operation once the pressure threshold was reached, ensuring system safety and
operational stability. The produced gas was also successfully applied to a 5500-watt
generator, enabling it to operate stably for approximately 5 minutes with a consistent
output of 220 volts. These findings demonstrate that integrating pyrolysis with IoTbased instrumentation enhances monitoring efficiency, operational safety, and the
potential utilization of pyrolysis gas as a viable alternative energy source.83 pagesSkripsi Sarjan
Comparison of the Effects of Chicken and Sheep Manureon the Growth of Three Commodities: Rice, Soybeans, and Pakcoy
No full textThis study aims to analyze the effect of various types of manure on the
growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.), soybeans (Glycine max L.) and pakcoy
(Brassica rapa L.), as well as to provide practical recommendations for the use of
manure in supporting sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture. This
research was conducted at the Faculty of Agriculture of the University of North
Sumatra from july 2024 to December 2024. The study employed a Non-Factorial
Randomized Block Design with treatments including chicken manure 20 tons/ha,
sheep manure 20 tons/ha, chicken manure 20 tons/ha + sheep manure 20 tons/ha,
chicken manure 15 tons/ha + sheep manure 15 tons/ha, and chicken manure 10
tons/ha + sheep manure 10 tons/ha. The results showed that the response of rice
plants to chicken manure and sheep manure had a significant effect on plant height,
number of leaves, number of tillers, biomass weight, and fresh weight of the canopy,
but had no significant effect on fresh root weight. The best treatment for rice plants
was obtained with a combination of 20 tons/ha of chicken manure and 20 tons/ha
of sheep manure. A different response was obtained for soybean plants, where the
application of chicken manure and sheep manure had a significant effect on plant
height and number of soybean leaves at 3-5 weeks after sowing. The combination
treatment of 20 tons/ha of chicken manure and 20 tons/ha of sheep manure showed
the highest yield, but did not have a significant effect on biomass weight, fresh
weight of the canopy, and fresh weight of the roots. The response of pakcoy plants
to the application of various doses of chicken manure and sheep manure did not
have a significant effect on plant height, number of leaves, biomass weight, fresh
shoot weight, or fresh root weight of pakcoy plants.104 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Integration of CURE and SHAP Methods for Mapping Stunting Risk Factor Analysis in Medan City
No full textStunting is a chronic nutritional problem that remains a major challenge in public health development in Indonesia, including in Medan City, as it directly affects the quality of human resources in the long term. This condition is influenced by various multidimensional factors such as socioeconomic conditions, environmental sanitation, access to clean drinking water, parenting patterns, and the availability of healthcare services. This study aims to map regional stunting risk in Medan City by integrating the Clustering Using Representatives (CURE) method for regional grouping and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for identifying the most influential risk factors. The dataset used in this study consists of 16,525 toddler records obtained from the Medan City Health Office and has undergone data preprocessing. Six main features were selected for the clustering process based on data completeness and relevance to stunting risk, namely exclusive breastfeeding, income level, health insurance ownership, housing condition, sanitation, and drinking water sources. The clustering results produced four regional clusters with excellent clustering quality, as indicated by a Silhouette Score of 0.899 and a Davies–Bouldin Index of 0.131, confirming that the clusters are compact and well separated. The SHAP analysis reveals that parental occupation (0.6523), sanitation (0.2507), and access to clean drinking water (0.2316) are the most dominant factors influencing stunting risk, followed by health insurance ownership (0.2205), exclusive breastfeeding status (0.1623), income level (0.1603), and housing condition (0.0803). The integration of CURE and SHAP provides a stunting risk mapping that is not only descriptive in illustrating the spatial distribution of risk but also explanatory in identifying the main contributing factors, thereby serving as a strong foundation for formulating targeted and sustainable region-based stunting intervention policies.115 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Legal Protection for Heirs Regarding Access to and Management of Digital Assets (Cryptocurrency) as Object of Inheritance in the Digitalization Era
No full textThe development of digital technology has given rise to digital assets in
the form of cryptocurrency, which possess economic value and have the potential
to become part of a person’s wealth. However, the decentralized nature of
cryptocurrency and its access mechanism through private keys create legal issues
when the asset owner passes away, particularly concerning access and
management by heirs. This research aims to analyze the regulation of
cryptocurrency as an object of inheritance under Indonesian positive law, legal
efforts to ensure legal certainty in the inheritance of crypto assets, as well as the
forms of responsibility of digital wallet (crypto wallet) service providers in
guaranteeing heirs’ access rights.
The research method employed is normative legal research supported by
interview results. The approaches used in this study are the statutory approach
and the conceptual approach, utilizing secondary data. The data analysis in this
research is conducted using a qualitative method.
The results of this study indicate that although cryptocurrency is not
explicitly regulated in the Indonesian Civil Code, it can be classified as an
intangible asset with economic value and therefore may be inherited. Regulations
issued by BAPPEBTI, the Financial Sector Development and Strengthening Law
(P2SK Law), and Financial Services Authority Regulation Number 27 of 2024
provide an indirect legal basis for the recognition of crypto assets as legal objects.
Nevertheless, legal gaps remain regarding access mechanisms and the protection
of heirs’ rights. Therefore, regulatory strengthening and the role of crypto wallet
service providers are necessary to ensure legal certainty, access security, and
legal protection for heirs in managing inherited cryptocurrency assets.145 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Survey on the Perception of Esthetic Smile among High School Students and Early-Stage Dental Students in Medan in 2025.
No full textThe perception of a smile is influenced by various factors, including education level. Adolescents are a group highly sensitive to their personal appearance. This study aimed to analyze the level and differences in the perception of an estetis smile between high school students and entry-level dental students in Medan. This observational analytic study with a cross-sectional design involved 556 respondents, consisting of 365 students from SMA Negeri 15 Medan and 191 entry-level students from the Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sumatera Utara. Data were collected using an online questionnaire featuring 8 manipulated smile images (esthetic smile, tooth length, tooth color, tooth size, tooth edges, midline shift, diastema, and gingival display). Assessments used a 5-point Likert scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Chi-Square test. Overall, both groups had relatively similar perceptions. The smile with symmetrical proportions and no diastema was rated as the most estetis (mean >4.3), while diastema and midline deviation were rated as the least estetis (mean 0.05). Significant differences were only found in the perception of the general estetis smile and the presence of diastema, indicating that early dental education begins to influence esthetic perception acuity, although not across all the aspects.72 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Implementation of the XGBoost Algorithm for Classifying Stunting among Children in Medan City
No full textMachine learning (ML) does not rely on explicitly written programming instructions. In the healthcare sector, ML is widely used for classification tasks, including the classification of stunting risk in children. This study develops a stunting risk classification model using the XGBoost algorithm, which is effective for large and complex datasets. The model predicts children’s nutritional status based on anthropometric data such as age, weight, and height, as well as social factors. Model evaluation shows an accuracy of 97.23% on the training data (12,143 samples), 95.69% on the validation data (3,036 samples), and 76.73% on the testing data (1,066 samples). The evaluation metrics indicate good overall performance, although classes with smaller sample sizes present challenges. The Mild class achieves a precision of 0.57, recall of 0.51, and F1-score of 0.54; Moderate has a precision of 0.58, recall of 0.78, and F1-score of 0.67; Normal reaches a precision of 0.83, recall of 0.88, and F1-score of 0.86; Severe shows a precision of 0.90, recall of 0.74, and F1-score of 0.81; and Tall records a precision of 0.97, recall of 0.59, and F1-score of 0.74. Analysis of the loss and accuracy curves indicates that training accuracy reaches 97.23%, while validation accuracy plateaus at 95.69%. The small gap between the curves suggests good generalization capability. Feature importance results show that physical variables such as weight (0.22), height (0.19), and age (0.13) contribute the most, followed by gender (0.14). Social and environmental factors, including housing conditions (0.05), socioeconomic score (0.03), parental occupation (0.02), and breastfeeding (0.02), also play crucial roles in determining children’s nutritional status. This study demonstrates that the XGBoost model is effective in identifying stunting risk and supporting data-driven public health policies.108 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
in Vitro Test of Kirinyuh Leaf Extract (Chromolaena odorata) Activity on Blood Coagulation Time in Albino Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus)
No full textIndonesia has more than 9,609 plant species that are useful as medicine, one of which is the kirinyuh leaf (Chromolaena odorata) which is widely used by people in Kabanjahe City, Karo Regency, to stop bleeding and accelerate wound healing. Bleeding in the oral cavity due to extraction or surgery can last longer if there is a hemostasis disorder or blood coagulation disorder. This study aims to determine the phytochemical content of kirinyuh leaf extract qualitatively and quantitatively, as well as the effective concentration in accelerating blood coagulation time. The study began with a determination test, followed by qualitative and quantitative phytochemical tests, and a blood coagulation time test using the Lee and White method. Arterial blood samples were taken from four male albino rabbits aged 8–9 months that had been acclimatized for seven days. Each rabbit was taken 7 ml of blood, for a total of 28 ml, and divided into seven groups: negative control, positive control (tranexamic acid), and kirinyuh leaf extract with concentrations of 3.125%, 6.25%, 12.5%, 25%, and 50%. The results of qualitative phytochemical tests showed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, saponins, triterpenoids/steroids, and glycosides, with the main hemostatic compounds being flavonoids, tannins, and saponins. Quantitative tests showed flavonoid content of 3.6736%, tannins 12.281%, and saponins 7.7094%. Blood coagulation tests showed a negative control of 300–330 seconds, a positive control of 150–180 seconds, a concentration of 12.5% 120–210 seconds, 25% 90 seconds, and 50% 120 seconds. Kruskall Wallis analysis yielded p = 0.001 (<0.05), indicating a significant difference. It was concluded that kirinyuh leaf extract effectively accelerated blood coagulation starting at a concentration of 25%, with an optimal effect at 25% and a decrease at 50%.98 PagesSkripsi Sarjan