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HbA1c Profile and Characteristics of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis USU Hospital in 2024
No full textIntroduction. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease with an increasing prevalence that often causes complications due to suboptimal glycemic control. HbA1c testing is used to evaluate long-term glucose control and the risk of complications, making it important in the clinical evaluation of patients. Objective. To identify HbA1c profile according to the characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients at Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, INDONESIA in 2024. Methods. This study is a quantitative study using a descriptive design with a cohort retrospective approach. The sample in this study consisted of 100 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who underwent at least two HbA1c tests at Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis USU Hospital in 2024. The sampling technique used consecutive sampling, with data obtained from medical records. Results and Discussion. The majority of patients had uncontrolled HbA1c (80%). Patient characteristics were predominantly aged 56-65 years (34%), female (51%), obese grade I (48%), had comorbidities (85%), and used insulin injection therapy for DM (48%). Conclusion. The majority of patients demonstrated uncontrolled HbA1c levels. Factors such as age, obesity, comorbidities and type of therapy may play a role in glycemic control, indicating the need for optimal management strategies.78 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Effectiveness of Soapberry (Sapindus rarak) Surfactant with Mahagony Seed (Swietenia mahagoni) and Soursop Seed (Annona squamosa) Extraxts using Various Solvents on The Mortality of Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith on Corn Plants
No full textSpodoptera frugiperda is an invasive pest that attacks corn plants and causes significant damage. The excessive use of chemical insecticides can negatively impact the environment and human health, necessitating the development of plant-based insecticides as an alternative control method. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of soapberry (Sapindus rarak) surfactant in combination with mahogany seed (Swietenia mahagoni) and sugar apple seed (Annona squamosa) extracts using different solvents (methanol and hexane) on the mortality of Spodoptera frugiperda. This research was conducted at the green house, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, from June 2024 to January 2025. The study utilized a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and nine treatments. Observed parameters included larval mortality, pupal formation percentage, adult emergence percentage, and Lethal Time 50 (LT50). The results showed that the highest mortality of Spodoptera frugiperda occurred in the treatment using sugar apple seed extract with 80 ml of methanol and 10 ml of soapberry fruit surfactant, which had a significant effect in inhibiting larval development. However, plant-based insecticides also significantly inhibited larval development. The addition of soapberry surfactant enhanced the effectiveness of mahogany and sugar apple seed extracts, particularly in improving the spreadability of the solution on leaf surfaces. Based on these findings, plant-based insecticides derived from mahogany and soursop seed extracts combined with soapberry surfactant have the potential to serve as an environmentally friendly alternative for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda. However, further research is needed to optimize the formulation and assess its effectiveness under field conditions.70 PagesTesis Magiste
The Influence Of Financial Literacy and Financial Experience On The Use Of SPayLater Among D-III Finance Students At Universitas Sumatera Utara
No full textThe development of digital technology has driven significant changes in financial
behavior, including among university students. One of the innovations that is
increasingly used is paylater services, such as Shopee’s SPayLater, which offers
convenience in transactions through a deferred payment system. This study aims to
analyze the influence of financial literacy and financial experience on the use of
SPayLater among students of the D-III Finance Program at the University of North
Sumatra. This research adopts a quantitative approach using a survey method,
where questionnaires were distributed to 58 respondents. The data were analyzed
using multiple linear regression to examine the effect of the independent variables
on the dependent variable. The results of the study show that financial literacy has
a positive and significant effect on the use of SPayLater. This indicates that students
with a high level of financial literacy tend to use such services more wisely.
Conversely, financial experience has a negative yet significant effect, suggesting
that the more financial experience a person has, the lower their tendency to use
SPayLater for consumptive purposes. Simultaneously, both variables significantly
influence the use of SPayLater. Therefore, improving financial literacy and
financial experience are essential factors in shaping responsible and prudent
digital financial behavior among students.95 PagesKertas Karya Diplom
The Effect of the Ratio of Wheat Flour and Durian Seed Flour and the Addition of Ambon Banana Puree Steamed Sponge Cake Products
No full textThe increase of durian fruit production has resulted high waste of durian
seeds which can cause environmental problems if not utilized properly. Durian
seeds can be processed into flour and used as a substitute for wheat flour in steamed
sponge cake products. This study aims to analyze the effect of the ratio of wheat
flour and durian seed flour and the addition of Ambon banana puree on the quality
of steamed sponge cake. In this study, the ratio of wheat flour and durian seed flour
used was 90%: 10%; 85%: 15%; 80%: 20%; 75%: 25% while the addition of
Ambon banana puree was 1.5%; 3%; 4.5% and 6%. This study was conducted using
a factorial completely randomized design (CRD) method and each treatment
combination was repeated 2 times.
The results showed that the ratio of wheat flour and durian seed flour gave
a very significant effect (P0,01) on the parameters of water content, protein
content, crude fiber content, color test, specific volume, taste and color texture
organoleptic. The addition of Ambon banana puree gave a very significant effect
(P0,01) on the analysis of water content parameters, crude fiber content, color
test specific volume, carbohydrate content and taste, color and aroma organoleptic.
The interaction of the ratio of wheat flour and durian seed flour with the addition
of Ambon banana puree gave a very significant effect (P0,01) on the color test,
specific volume, taste organoleptic and color organoleptic. Based on the test
results, the best treatment was obtained at a ratio of wheat flour and durian seed
flour of 85%:15% with the addition of Ambon banana puree as much as 1.5%.96 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Influence of Firm Size, Liquidity, Profitability, and Sustainability Reporting on Investment Opportunity Set (IOS) in Property and Real Estate Subsector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the Period of 2020-2023
No full textThis study aims to analyze the influence of firm size, liquidity, profitability, and sustainability reporting on the investment opportunity set (IOS. This research is categorized as quantitative research, utilizing population data from property and real estate subsector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020-2023 period. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling technique based on specific criteria, resulting in 43 companies with a total of 172 observations. The data used are secondary data obtained from the official websites of the companies, the Indonesia Stock Exchange (www.idx.co.id), and financial websites such as finance.yahoo.com.The analytical methods employed include descriptive analysis, classical assumption tests, multiple linear regression analysis, and hypothesis testing, using SPSS Version 26 software. The results of this study indicate that IOS is positively and significantly influenced by firm size, liquidity, profitability, and sustainability reporting.100 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Factors Associated With Condom Use Behavior Among Men Who Have Sex With Men (MSM) at Helvetia Public Health Center in Medan
No full textCondom use behavior refers to an individual's habit of maintaining sexual health by choosing to use condoms during sexual intercourse. This behavior includes an understanding of the importance of condom use, consistency in its use, and adherence to safe sex practices. Condom use behavior is influenced by a person’s knowledge and attitude. However, knowledge and attitude alone are not sufficient to shape or change this behavior. Other factors such as ease of access to condoms and peer group influence also play a role. These factors can contribute positively or negatively to condom use behavior within a community. The objective of this study is to analyze the factors associated with condom use behavior Among Men Who Have Sex with Men (MSM) at Helvetia Public Health Center, Medan. This research employed a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The sampling technique used was non-probability sampling (purposive sampling), involving 83 respondents. Data were analyzed using univariate and bivariate analysis with the chi-square statistical test. The results showed no significant relationship between knowledge and condom use behavior among MSM (ρ = 0,278). However, there were significant relationships between attitude (ρ = 0,000), condom availability (ρ = 0,001), and peer group influence (ρ = 0,011) and condom use behavior. These findings indicate that attitude, access to condoms, and social support play a crucial role in shaping safe sexual behavior among MSM. It is expected that MSM will continue to use condoms as protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Improving knowledge, fostering positive attitudes, ensuring condom accessibility, and strengthening peer support are essential to promoting safer sexual practices.177 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Preliminary Plant Design of Calcium Fluoride from Ammonium Fluoride and Calcium Hydroxide Through Precipitation Process Using Ammonium Fluoride and Calcium Hydroxide with Production Capacity of 150,000 Tons/Year
No full textThe chemical industry in Indonesia is a very vital factor which can act as an intermediary between upstream and downstream industries. One example of results from upstream industry is calcium fluoride chemical products. The use of calcium fluoride in the industrial sector is very broad, namely in the glass, ceramics, steel, aluminum and cosmetics industrial sectors. Indonesia currently imports calcium fluoride, and taking into account the predicted imports for the next few years and factories in several countries that are already running, a calcium fluoride factory can be established in Indonesia and start operating in 2031. The pre-designed calcium fluoride manufacturing plant operates for 330 days a year. In designing a calcium fluoride manufacturing plant using ammonium fluoride and calcium hydroxide as raw materials through ammonium fluoride and calcium hydroxide precipitation processes with a capacity of 150,000 tons/year uses five stages, namely: raw material storage stage, raw material mixing stage, product formation reaction stage, filtrate and cake separation stage in centrifugation, printing stage and product drying. The planned factory location is a factory location in the Petis Sari Village area, Bunga District, Gresik Regency, East Java, Indonesia with a required land area of 33,942.9910 m2. The workforce required is 144 people with the factory business entity being a Limited Liability Company (PT) with a line and staff organizational structure. The economic evaluation shows that the total investment capital is IDR "748,080,085,982.21", Total Production Costs IDR. 1,531,539,715,385.17, Sales Proceeds Rp. 1,926,375,000,000.00, Net Profit Rp. 262,620,464,268.86, Profit Margin (PM) of 12.78%, Break Even Point (BEP) of 42,65%, Return on Investment (ROI) of 21,67%, Pay Out Time (POT) of 4,61 years ≈ 4 years, 6 months, Return on Network (RON) of 36,12%, Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of 22,80%. From the results of the economic aspect analysis, it can be concluded that this factory is feasible to establish.
Key words: Ammonium Fluoride, Calcium Fluoride, Calcium Hydroxide, Precipitation.494 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Isolation and Identification of Flavonoid Compounds from Longan Fruit Seeds (Dimocarpus longan Lour.)
No full textLongan fruit seeds (Dimocarpus longan Lour.) were explored for their potential as a source of flavonoid compounds through a series of isolation and structural identification techniques, namely extraction by methanol solvent (maceration method), fractionation by ethyl acetate, fractionation with n-hexane to obtain the methanol phase, then evaporated until completely evaporated. The extract was further characterized using thin layer chromatography (TLC), then fractionated through column chromatography with a stationary phase of silica gel and a mobile phase of chloroform: ethyl acetate (90:10; 80:20; 70:30; 60:40; 50:50; 40:60; 30:70; 20:80; 10:90) v/v. From the separation results, the fourth fraction was selected for further purification by preparative TLC using silica gel stationary phase and n-hexane: ethyl acetate (20:80) v/v mobile phase. The pure compound obtained was in the form of a yellow solid of 5 mg with an Rf value of 0.60. The isolated pure fraction was then characterized using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer, the results showed the presence of 2 absorption bands, namely the first band with a wavelength of 315 nm with an absorbance of 0.2567 and the second band with a wavelength of 263 nm with an absorbance of 0.2598. Infrared spectrophotometer (FT-IR) analysis revealed the presence of functional groups O-H Stretching, C-H aliphatic Stretching, C=O ketone Stretching, C=C aromatic Stretching, C-O-H stretching, C-O-C Stretching, C-H sp2 Bending out-of-plane, with wave numbers of 3427.51 cm-1, 2924.09 cm-1, 1726.29 cm-1, 1521.84 cm-1, 1249.87 cm-1, 1109.07 cm-1, and 871.82 cm-1, respectively. Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectrophotometer (1H-NMR) analysis showed the presence of protons H-6, H-8, H-3, H-2’, H-5’, H-6’, and OCH3. The results of the spectroscopic data confirmed that the structure of the isolated compound is a flavone.70 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Profile Of Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) Scores among Ovarian Cancer Patients: A Case Series Study
No full textBackground: Ovarian cancer remains one of the gynecological malignancies with
the highest mortality rates in both Indonesia and globally. Dietary patterns play a
crucial role in modulating chronic inflammation, which may contribute to the
development and progression of ovarian cancer. The Dietary Inflammatory Index
(DII) is a validated tool used to evaluate the overall inflammatory potential of an
individual’s diet. Objective: To describe the DII scores among ovarian cancer
patients at Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital,
Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155, Indonesia and Grandmed Hospital,
Lubuk Pakam. Methods: This study employed a descriptive design with a case
series approach. Samples were obtained using a total sampling technique,
including all ovarian cancer patients who met the inclusion criteria during the
period of July to September 2025. Dietary intake was assesed using a Semi-
Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ), converted into nutrient
daily intake using Nutrisurvey software, and aggregated to calculate the DII score
based on global reference values. Results: A total of 53 respondents participated in
the study. Most patients were adult women aged 40 – 60 years (54,7%),
predominantly housewives (83%) with the majority of the histopathological types
are high grade serous carcinomas (30,2%). The mean DII score was +3,06 ± 0,69,
indicating a generally proinflammatory dietary pattern. The mean daily intake of
energy (2.137,54 ± 270,17) and fat (109,12 ± 22,59) exceeded the global daily mean
intake for these nutrient parameters. Conclusion: The majority of ovarian cancer
patients exhibited positive DII scores, reflecting a proinflammatory dietary pattern.92 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Group Counseling Self-Management Techniques on Increasing Learning Motivation of Children in Conflict with the Law
No full textThis study aims to determine the effect of group counseling self-management techniques on increasing the learning motivation of children in conflict with the law at Special Development Institute for Children (LPKA) Class I Medan. The method used is a quasi-experiment with a single-group interrupted time series design, in which measurements are taken on the subject 2 times before the intervention and 2 times after the intervention with the aim of seeing the consistency of the subject's learning motivation condition. The research subjects were 8 children selected by purposive sampling technique. Group counseling self-management techniques is carried out with a duration of 90-120 minutes for 4 meetings / day containing 5 sessions, of which meetings 1 and 2 are carried out in two consecutive days, meetings 2 and 3 are 7 days apart, and meetings 3 and 4 are 14 days apart based on the theory of applying self-management techniques by Cormier et al. (2008). The measuring instrument used was the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire Scale by Pintrich et al. (2014) adapted by Ardiansyah (2019). Statistical analysis was conducted using Mann Whitney non-parametric statistics, obtaining a value of p = 0.035 (p < 0.05). This result shows that there is a significant difference between the measurement of learning motivation before and after the intervention, so it is concluded that group counseling with self-management techniques has a significant effect in increasing the learning motivation of children in conflict with the law. The results of the effect size test using Cohen's d show a value of d = 0.11 or 11% (d < 0.50). This means that the effect given is categorized as small.231 PagesSkripsi Sarjan