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The Effect of the Ratio of Pepaya with Kepok Banana Peel and the Addition of Stevia Sugar on the Quality of Pepaya Fruit Leather
No full textThe processing of kepok banana peels that are used for one of the food
products that can be consumed with the addition of pepaya fruit as the main
ingredient in making dried sweets. This study used a Complete Random Design
(CDR) with 2 factors consisting of: comparison of pepaya and kepok banana peel
(100:0, 90:10, 80:20 and 70:30) and the addition of stevia sugar consisting of
0,10%, 0,15% and 0,20%. This study used the parameters of moisture content, ash
content, total dissolved solids, total sugar, crude fiber content, color index, pH, and
organoleptic aroma, taste, texture, color and general acceptance.
The results of this study on the ratio of pepaya and banana peel had a highly
significant effect on the parameters of moisture content, ash content, total dissolved
solids, crude fiber content, organoleptic color, taste, texture and aroma. The
addition of stevia sugar had a highly significant effect on total sugar, crude fiber
content, organoleptic color and taste. The interaction between these two factors
had a highly significant effect the crude fiber content, organoleptic flavor and color.
The best treatment produced based on the tests that have been carried out is the
P3S3 treatment with a ratio of 80%:20% and stevia sugar of 0,20%.85 pagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Incorporating Papain Enzyme Suspension into Orthodontic Adhesive Primer on Tensile Bond Strength
No full textIntroduction: Bracket attachment failure constitutes a notable challenge in orthodontic practice, resulting in prolonged treatment durations and compromised clinical outcomes. A primary contributor to this phenomenon is the suboptimal bonding protocols of adhesive systems. Ideally, an adhesive should exhibit sufficient bonding strength to withstand masticatory forces and orthodontic movements while facilitating effortless removal without damaging the enamel or leaving excessive residual adhesive. The proteolytic enzyme papain has shown potential for enhancing the bond strength of orthodontic adhesives. Objective: This study aims to investigate the effects of papain enzyme incorporation in orthodontic adhesive primers on tensile bond strength (TBS) and residual adhesive on enamel.
Methods: Extracted maxillary premolar teeth were bonded with metal brackets, divided into three experimental groups: a control group (devoid of papain enzyme) and two groups integrating 15% papain enzyme within orthodontic adhesive primers at ratios of 50:50 and 25:75. Specimens were immersed in artificial saliva at 37°C for 24 hours before TBS assessments, adhesive remnant index (ARI) evaluation, and failure mode analysis utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Results: A one-way ANOVA revealed significant differences in TBS (p < 0.05), with the highest values observed in the 25:75 ratio group. The ARI assessment indicated a score of 2 for 60% of brackets.
Conclusion: The integration of 15% papain enzyme into the orthodontic adhesive primer significantly enhanced the TBS, particularly in the 25:75 ratio group, resulting in mixed and cohesive failure modes that facilitated the removal of adhesive residues post-debonding.143 PagesTesis Magiste
The Implementation of Priority Scheduling Algorithm in Golinus System to Improve Linus Bus Service Quality at Universitas Sumatera Utara
No full textThis study aims to implement the Priority Scheduling algorithm in the Linus Bus transportation system of the University of North Sumatra to improve the efficiency of waiting time and bus fleet management. The research method used consists of four stages, namely the first problem identification, the second system design, the third implementation, and the fourth testing, which began with the distribution of questionnaires to 75 students. The results of the questionnaire showed that 92.5% of respondents complained about the uncertainty of waiting time, 96% wanted a clearer bus arrival estimate, and 96.1% needed real-time bus position information. Based on these results, the GoLinus system was designed using the Priority Scheduling algorithm to optimize passenger queues based on waiting time, and implemented in the form of a web-based application that allows users to monitor bus positions and arrival estimates in real-time. Simulation testing of the algorithm showed that the system successfully prioritized passengers who had been waiting longer, reduced waiting time, and increased operational efficiency. Evaluation of user satisfaction through a questionnaire showed that 87% of respondents were very satisfied, especially regarding the transparency of bus position information and arrival estimates. In addition, interviews with bus fleet managers revealed that previously manually managed systems can now be run more efficiently through system integration, which also helps manage the bus fleet in real-time and provides clear information to passengers, increasing convenience and operational efficiency.105 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
A Juridical Review of Efforts to Annul A Lease Agreement Executed by a Notarial Deed But Exceeding the Time Limit of the Right to Carry Out the Development and Management of Regional Government Assets (A Study of the Cooperation Agreement between the Balikpapan City Regional Government and PT Hasta Kreasi Mandiri and PT Sentra Propertindo Sentosa)
No full textThis study aims to provide an in-depth analysis of efforts to annul a lease agreement deed drawn
up by a Notary on the grounds that the lease period exceeds the duration of the building use righis and
the management of regional government assets held by the lessor. The legal issues examined focus on
the legal force of a Lease Agreement Deed executed before a Notary where the lease period exceeds the
duration of the rights held by the lessor, the liability of the Notary for the Lease Agreement Deed so
executed, as well as the proof of the existence or absence of legal defects in the Lease Agreement Deed
made by the Notary when it exceeds the rights of one of the parties as the basis for pursuing its
annulment.
The research method employed is a qualitative normative juridical approach using secondary data
in the form of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials collected through library research and
document study techniques. The data were then analyzed using qualitative data analysis methods with
deductive reasoning in drawing conclusions.
The results of the study conclude that a lease agreement deed made by a Notary that exceeds the
duration of the rights held by the lessor has no legal force because it goes beyond the rights and authority
of the lessor. In this case, the Notary also failed to carry out the obligations as stipulated in Article 16
paragraph (1) letter a of the Law on Notary Office (UUJN) and failed to apply the principle of prudence.
As a consequence of such negligence, the Notary may be held legally liable, as notarial liability is
personal in nature and remains attached even after the term of office has ended, as expressly provided
under the UUJN. Accordingly, a juridical review of efforts to annul a lease agreement deed made before
a Notary that exceeds the duration of the rights to carry out development and management under the
cooperation agreement between the Regional Government of Balikpapan City and PT Hasta Kreasi
Mandiri and PT Sentra Propertindo Sentosa, when examined based on the theory of legal certainty, is
legally defective due to exceeding the rights of the parties over the development and management of
the market as a regional government asset and is therefore null and void by operation of law. When
viewed from the theory of legal liability, the Notary may be held legally accountable for negligence in
performing his or her duties to ensure accuracy, correctness, verification of the legality of the object,
and the rights and authority of the parties. Furthermore, when viewed from the theory of legal
protection, the available remedy is the provision of repressive legal protection through efforts to annul
the Lease Agreement Deed through judicial proceedings.184 PagesTesis Magiste
Microencapsulation Optimization of Ethanol Extract of Kebo Rubber Leaves (Ficus elastica Roxb. ex Hornem.) Utilizing Chitosan and Its Evaluation of The Antioxidant Activity
No full textBackground: Karet kebo leaves have high potential as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent due to their rich flavonoid compounds, namely quercitrin, myricitrin, and kaempferol, which show stronger antioxidant activity than the positive control, namely vitamin E analog (trolox) (Kiem et al 2012). However, the low bioavailability of flavonoids in the gastrointestinal tract results in low bioavailability in the body if given orally. One way to overcome this is to encapsulate ethanol extract of karet kebo leaves (EEKKL) with chitosan polymer to improve its physicochemical stability and bioavailability.
Objectives: This study intents to encapsulate the ethanol extract of karet kebo leaves utilizing chitosan polymer, characterize, and evaluate the antioxidant activity.
Methods: Rubber kebo leaf extract was acquired by maceration extraction method with 96% ethanol solvent. The extract that has been characterized (phytochemical screening and antioxidant test) was then encapsulated by ionic gelation method followed by drying the sample utilizing oven (temperature 40°C). Encapsulation was carried out with variations in chitosan concentration, namely 0.05; 0.05; 0.1; 1; 2% (F0, F1, F2, F3, and F4). Furthermore, microcapsule characterization involved particle size analysis, particle morphology with SEM and TEM, main functional group content with FTIR to determine the success of the encapsulation process, encapsulation yield, and encapsulation efficiency. Then, stability test was conducted by recalculating the encapsulation efficiency after one month storage and antioxidant activity test utilizing DPPH method.
Results: Rubber kebo leaf extract was found to contain flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, saponins, and steroids. The microcapsules acquired were powdery, light to dark green in color, and does not have the characteristic odor of rubber kebo leaf extract. The particle size ranged from 0.0793-2.2328 µm. The results of microcapsule analysis with SEM showed the shape of round and agglomerated, while TEM testing showed a spherical microcapsule structure with a core in the center. FTIR results showed that all microcapsule formulas contained functional groups resulting from the interaction between chitosan and NaTPP which indicated the success of microcapsule formation. The best encapsulation efficiency in F2 (0.1% chitosan) was 56.64 ± 0.79%. Furthermore, all samples were stable after one month storage. The antioxidant activity test results concluded that F2 has the best IC50 value of 76.67 μg/ml which is involved in the strong category.
Conclusion: Ethanol extract of karet kebo leaves can be microencapsulated utilizing chitosan with good characterization results and strong antioxidant activity. Thus, EEDKK microcapsules have the potential to be used in oral dosage formulations.179 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Tax Aggressiveness, Institutional Ownership, Firm Size, and Timeliness of Financial Statements on Idiosyncratic Volatility in Banks Listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange Period 2021-2023
No full textThis study aims to determine the effect of tax aggressiveness, institutional ownership, firm size, and timeliness of financial statements on idiosyncratic volatility in banking companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2021-2023. The population of this study consists of all banks listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange during the period 2021-2023. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling with a sample size of 33 banks. The research data consists of secondary data obtained from various websites, such as www.idx.co.id, https://finance.yahoo.com, and the official websites of the companies. The analysis technique used was panel data regression analysis using EViews 12 SV. The results of the study indicate that, partially, tax aggressiveness, institutional ownership, and financial statement timeliness do not affect idiosyncratic volatility. Firm size has a negative effect on idiosyncratic volatility. Simultaneously, tax aggressiveness, institutional ownership, firm size, and financial statement timeliness affect idiosyncratic volatility with a coefficient of determination of 44.9%.97 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Legal Protection For Good Faith Buyers in The Bankruptcy Of PT.Graha Cipta Suksestama and PT.Nirman Internusa as Housing Developers (A Study Of Decision 28/Pdt.Sus-Gugatan Lain-lain/2022/PN Niaga Jkt.Pst.)
No full textThe increasing demand for housing in Indonesia has prompted the public to engage in real estate transactions, typically involving developers as sellers and consumers as buyers. In practice, issues often arise when developers are declared bankrupt, putting good faith buyers who have fulfilled their obligations at risk of losing their rights to the homes they have purchased. The primary issues addressed in this research are the qualifications of good faith buyers, the legal protection afforded to good faith buyers in the bankruptcy of PT. Graha Cipta Suksestama and PT. Nirman Internusa as housing developers, and the implementation of the principle of good faith in dispute resolution based on Decision 28/Pdt.Sus-Gugatan Lain-lain/2022/PN Niaga Jakarta Pusat.
The research methodology employed in this thesis is normative legal research, which is descriptive in nature. The data consists of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials collected through library research, sourced from secondary data, and analyzed using qualitative normative data analysis with a deductive reasoning approach.
The conclusions of this thesis indicate that although there are legal provisions that provide protection for good faith buyers, their implementation in Decision 28/Pdt.Sus-Gugatan Lain-lain/2022/PN Niaga Jakarta Pusat tends to prioritize formal aspects, such as the existence of the Sale and Purchase Agreement (AJB) and the Certificate of Ownership (SHM). However, in the legal recourse taken by the plaintiffs, the Supreme Court held a different view by overturning the bankruptcy court's decision, considering the Sale and Purchase Agreement (PPJB), the full payment for the homes, and the fact that the homes were occupied by the plaintiffs. It is recommended that the Supreme Court and legislative bodies strengthen regulations that protect the rights of consumers, particularly good faith buyers in housing transactionsPages 110Kertas Karya Diplom
Analysis of the Economic Value of Date Palm Plants in Tanah Karo
No full textThis study aims to determine whether or not the date palm cultivation business
in Toganderket Village is economically feasible to run, and this study also looks
at how the economic prospects of date palm cultivation 40 years in the future.
The type of research used is descriptive quantitative. The population and
samples used in this study were the owners of date palm cultivation in
Tiganderket Village selected using the accidental sampling method. The research
data was obtained from interviews and distributing research questionnaires to
respondents.
Based on the results of the research and discussion, it can be concluded that
the date palm cultivation project in Tiganderket Village, Tanah Karo, has a
positive impact on the local economy and is economically feasible, with a Net
Present Value (NPV) indicator greater than 0, indicating that the net benefits of
the project are very positive. The long-term potential of date palm cultivation in
this region not only provides financial benefits but also contributes to the social
and economic aspects of the area, making it a sustainable investment prospect
that is worth replicating in other areas of Tanah Karo.98 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of Nitrate (NO3-), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) in Drinking Water, and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) in Wastewater at the North Sumatra Provincial Health Laboratory (UPTD)
No full textBackground: The quality of drinking water and wastewater is very important to protect public
health and preserve the environment. The levels of nitrates, TDS, and TSS are the main
parameters that need to be analyzed to ensure water suitability.
Objective: This study aims to determine the levels of nitrates and TDS in drinking water, as
well as the levels of TSS in wastewater around the Provincial Health Laboratory UPTD North
Sumatra.
Method: Analysis was performed using spectrophotometric methods for nitrate and TDS
testing, while gravimetric methods were used for TSS testing. Water samples were taken from
several locations around the laboratory.
Results: The results show that the nitrate levels in drinking water range from 0.7478 mg/L to
3.8832 mg/L, which is still well below the maximum threshold of 50 mg/L according to SNI
3553:2015. The TDS levels were found to be between 116 mg/L and 668 mg/L, with all
samples meeting the quality standard of a maximum of 1,000 mg/L. The TSS levels in
wastewater ranged from 11 mg/L to 58 mg/L, with some results exceeding the SNI 7508:2011threshold for classes 1 and 2, which is 20 mg/L.
Conclusion: Most drinking water samplesmeet eligibility requirements based on SNI quality standards and Minister of Health regulations, but there are some wastewater samples that do not meet the TSS standards according to applicable regulations.69 PagesKertas Karya Diplom
Design of a Reduce Reuse Recycle Based Waste Processing Facility (TPS3R) in the University of North Sumatra Area
No full textCampuses have a high potential for waste generation, which originates from various activities of the academic community. The total waste generation calculated in the USU area amounts to 15.22 m³ per day in volume and 1,138.97 kg per day by weight. The waste composition is dominated by organic waste, consisting of food waste at 29.78% and wood and yard waste at 9.72%, followed by plastic waste at 27.17%, paper at 21.46%, textile waste at 1.67%, metal at 0.82%, glass at 0.26%, and other waste at 9.12%. Based on the recovery factor, 54.59% of the generated waste can be reduced. Therefore, waste processing planning is required to minimize the negative impacts of waste and to optimize waste management in the USU area. The planned waste service level is designed to handle 120% of the generated waste to accommodate fluctuations, with a processing capacity of 1,366.76 kg/day or 18.26 m³/day in volume. The planning was conducted based on the Technical Guidelines for TPS 3R issued by the Directorate General of Human Settlements, Ministry of Public Works and Housing (PUPR) in 2017. This planning includes the development of the TPS 3R concept, preparation of the TPS 3R process flow diagram, calculation of the mass balance of incoming and outgoing waste, determination of equipment and labor requirements, calculation of space requirements, and the design of the TPS 3R facility. Waste treatment in this plan is divided into five main processing units and supporting facilities, namely: waste reception; waste sorting, shredding, and washing; thermal processing of plastic waste through pyrolysis and residual waste through an incinerator; processing of yard waste using the stacked Takakura composting method; processing of food waste using Black Soldier Fly (BSF) larvae along with further processing of maggot-derived products; as well as product packaging and storage. Supporting facilities include an office, warehouse, restroom, and parking area, with a total land area requirement of 508.54 m².146 PagesSkripsi Sarjan