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Manufacturing and Characterization of Thermoplastic Elastomers from EPDM/Polypropylene Blends with Clay Powder Filler as Weather Strip
No full textThe increase in the number of vehicles in Indonesia creates opportunities for
the rubber component industry, including weather strips for car doors. This study aims
to produce a blend of EPDM and polypropylene with clay powder as filler and PP-g
MA, which will be vulcanized with the addition of paraffin oil, stearic acid, ZnO,
MBTS, and sulfur to produce a blend with superior mechanical properties suitable for
application as weather strips on car doors. The clay powder filler variations used were
5 phr, 10 phr, 20 phr, 30 phr, and 40 phr. The blends were then molded using a hot
press at 185°C and subsequently tested for their mechanical properties. The optimum
EPDM/PP/clay powder blend was further analyzed using FTIR, SEM, and TGA. Based
on the mechanical property analysis, the EPDM/PP/clay powder blend with 10 phr
filler was found to be optimum, with tensile strength values before and after aging of
14.021 MPa and 13.243 MPa, elongation of 13.44% and 11.54%, and impact strength
of 3433.3 J/m². The tensile strength values before and after aging met the SNI 06
14900-1989 standard. FTIR analysis of the optimum EPDM/PP/filler blend showed
the presence of Si–O functional groups at a wavenumber of 1101.3 cm⁻¹ originating
from the clay powder. SEM analysis revealed a homogeneous structure, although some
agglomeration was observed at certain points. Thermal analysis indicated
decomposition occurred at 528.23°C with a total mass loss of 65.67%99 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Identification of Medicinal Plant Knowledge in Namo Bintang Village, Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency
No full textMedicinal plants are plants that have properties to relieve pain, boost the immune system, kill pathogens, and repair damaged organs. The use of plants as medicine continues to evolve and expand with research related to the identification and utilisation of plants that have the potential to be used as medicinal agents in traditional medicine. This research aims to identify types of medicinal plants and analyse the parts of these plants that are utilised in Namo Bintang Village, Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency. Data collection during the research was conducted through interviews and direct observations. From the interview results, the participants were then grouped based on species and the parts of the plants they utilised. The research found 85 types of medicinal plants utilised by the community of Namo Bintang Village, Pancur Batu District, Deli Serdang Regency. The parts of medicinal plants that are utilized include leaves from 42 types (49,41%), fruits from 13 types (15,29%), rhizomes from 13 types (15.29%), stems from 5 types (5.88%), tubers from 4 types (4.71%), seeds from 3 types (3.53%), flowers from 1 type (1.18%), bark from 1 type (1.18%), sap (nira) from 1 type (1.18%), roots from 1 type (1.18%), and resin from 1 type (1.18%).79 pageSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of the Social Ecological Based Mangrove Management Model in KTH Penghjauan Maju Bersama in Pasar Rawa Village, Langkat Regency
No full textMangrove forest management in Indonesia cannot be separated from community involvement. The mangrove ecosystem has a very important role in maintaining environmental balance, both from an ecological and socio-economic perspective. However, the existence of mangrove ecosystems in Indonesia, including in Langkat Regency, is increasingly threatened due to land conversion, unsustainable fishing and climate change. The decline in mangrove area in Indonesia has reached 40% in the last two decades. The serious damage to mangroves gave birth to fighters who want to improve the mangrove ecosystem, namely the Maju Bersama Forest Farmers Group. The existence of the Maju Bersama Reforestation KTH has helped preserve the mangroves in Pasar Rawa Village. The aim of this research is to analyze the socio-ecological-based mangrove management model at KTH Peng Hijauan Maju Bersama, Pasar Rawa Village, Langkat Regency, in Pasar Rawa Village, Gebang District, Langkat Regency and determine the factors that influence mangrove management. This research was carried out in September-December 2023 in Pasar Rawa Village. The method used in this research is a qualitative descriptive method, in the form of data analysis by describing or illustrating the data that has been obtained. The results of this research show that the social-ecology-based management model for farmer groups in mangrove conservation efforts is in the resilient category.Resilient results with a resilience index of 0.61 indicate that the mangrove management model implemented is quite effective in the Maju Bersama Reforestation Forest Farmer Group, Gebang District, Langkat Regency.44 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Legal Certainty of Land Possession by Local Government Originating from Loans in Disputes with Heirs (A Case Study of Supreme Court Derision No. 3580 K/Pdt/2023)
No full textLand ownership disputes between local governments and heirs become increasingly complex when involving land that originally came from a loan arrangement. The case of Lapangan Akso Dano in Supreme Court Decision No. 3580 K/Pd/2023 reflects legal issues in which 19 heirs sued the Muaro Jambi Regency Government over land claimed as inheritance from Hamid bin Atok, which had been loaned to Pasirah Sidik Rapin in 1970. The research problems include: first, the legal certainty of land possession status by the local government; second, the legal construction for protecting regional assets originating from loaned land that has been physically possessed for an extended period; and third, the legal analysis of the judges' considerations in Supreme Court Decision No. 3580 K/Pd/2023 regarding land ownership disputes involving loaned land to the local government.
This research employs a normative juridical method with a case approach to Supreme Court Decision No. 3580 K/Pdt/2023. Primary data consist of court decisions and statutory regulations, analyzed using Gustav Radbruch's theory of legal certainty, Philipus M. Hadjon's theory of legal protection, and John Rawls' theory of justice. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively.
The study reveals that legal certainty over land possession by local government is comprehensively regulated through a legal hierarchy from the 1945 Constitution to Government Regulation No. 24/1997, reinforced by customary law recognition of long-term physical possession. Second, the legal construction for protecting regional assets can be established through a comprehensive approach that combines preventive and repressive protection by utilizing historical documentation of possession and the social function of land in accordance with Article 6 of the Basic Agrarian Law (UUPA). Third, the Supreme Court's legal considerations applied an appropriate burden of proof principle by recognizing the local government's physical possession of the land since 1970 for public interest, reflecting a balance between the protection of individual rights and the broader public interest, though ideally it could be complemented with moral compensation considerations for the family of the original landowner.144 PagesTesis Magiste
Evaluation of the Implementation of Fire Protection at Vita Insani Hospital Pematangsiantar City
No full textFire is a serious risk in hospital environments that can threaten the safety of
patients, workers, and visitors. Based on early observations, there are
discrepancies in fire protection facilities at Vita Insani Hospital, such as
improperly installed fire extinguishers, assembly points located in non-obstructed
areas, parking lots, unavailable evacuation route maps, unavailable outdoor fire
hydrants, and the lack of a Fire Emergency Plan (FEP). This study aims to evaluate
active and passive fire protection systems and fire safety management based on
applicable guidelines. The research method used is descriptive with an
observational approach. Data collection was conducted through direct observation
using a checklist, interviews, and document review with occupational safety and
health (OSH) staff. The research scope included active fire protection (sprinklers,
hydrants, and fire extinguishers), passive fire protection (evacuation routes,
emergency stairs, assembly point, emergency doors, and directional signs), and
eight aspects of fire safety management. Data were analyzed descriptively to
provide an overview of the implementation of fire protection facilities and fire
safety management in hospitals. The results showed that in active fire protection,
sprinklers (75%), hydrants (100%), and fire extinguishers (80%) met standards,
while fire detectors and alarms were not available (0%). In passive fire protection,
evacuation routes (60%), directional signs (100%), emergency doors (80%),
emergency staircases (50%), and assembly point (80%) largely met the standards.
Hospitals are advised to conduct regular inspections of fire protection facilities,
develop a Fire Emergency Plan (FEP), conduct specialized training for fire
response teams, and add one fire safety specialist to enhance fire prevention and
response efforts optimally.163 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Auditor Ethics, Organizational Commitment, Independence, Competence, Experience on Audit Quality on Public Accounting Firms in Medan
No full textThis purpose of this study is to measure the effect of Auditor Ethics, Organizational Commitment, Independence, Competence, Experience on Audit Quality on Public Accounting Firms in Medan. This study is associative, using a purposive sampling method. The population of this study were auditors working in Public Accounting Accounting Firms in Medan. Based on the predetermined criteria, the number of auditors who were sampled in this study was 77 auditors. The data analysis method used was multiple linear regression with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 30. The results of this study indicate that auditor ethics have a positive and significant effect on audit quality, organizational commitment has a positive and significant effect on audit quality, Independence does not affect audit quality, Competence does not affect audit quality and Experience has a positive and significant effect on audit quality in Public Accounting Firms in Medan. Simultaneously, Auditor Ethics, Organizational Commitment, Independence, Competence, Experience have a significant influence on audit quality.101 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Bacterial Patterns and Antibiotic Susceptibility Tests of Pus Samples from Patients with Surgical Site Infections in the Department of Surgery, Prof. dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital
No full textBackground. Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common postoperative
complications that increases morbidity, length of hospital stay, and treatment costs. The
changing pattern of causative bacteria and rising antibiotic resistance present significant
challenges in managing postoperative infections. Objective. This study aims to determine
the bacterial patterns and antibiotic susceptibility profiles from pus samples of patients
with surgical site infections at the Department of Surgery, Prof. Dr. Chairuddin P. Lubis
Universitas Sumatera Utara Hospital, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, 20155,
INDONESIA during the period of January 2024 to June 2025. Method. This was a
descriptive retrospective study using secondary data from positive culture results of pus
samples obtained from patients diagnosed with surgical site infections. Data included
bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility test (antibiogram) results. Univariate
analysis was conducted to describe the frequency distribution of bacterial isolates and
their antibiotic sensitivity patterns. Results. A total of 45 samples met the inclusion
criteria. Most patients were aged 45–59 years (40.0%) and female (60.0%). The majority
of cases occurred in the General Surgery Department (40.0%). The predominant
bacterial isolates were Escherichia coli (28.9%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (22.2%)
among Gram-negative bacteria, and Staphylococcus aureus (15.6%) among Gram-
positive bacteria. Antibiotics with the highest sensitivity rates (≥80%) included
Meropenem, Amikacin, Gentamicin, Cefepime, Vancomycin, Linezolid, and Tetracycline.
Multidrug-resistant isolates such as ESBL-producing E. coli, MRSA, and
carbapenemase-producing strains were also identified, indicating a rising trend of
resistance to β-lactam and fluoroquinolone antibiotics. Conclusion. Most surgical site
infections were caused by Gram-negative bacteria, particularly E. coli and K.
pneumoniae. Meropenem and Amikacin remained the most effective antibiotics against
Gram-negative isolates, while Vancomycin and Linezolid were effective against Gram-
positive isolates. Continuous surveillance of resistance patterns and strict antibiotic
stewardship are essential to maintain the effectiveness of empirical therapy in hospitals.97 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Segmentation of Districts/Cities in North Sumatera Based on Rice Production and Rice Using K-Means Clustering Method in 2024
No full textRice is a major food commodity that plays an important role in supporting national food security. North Sumatra Province is one of the centers of rice and rice production in Indonesia, but the level of production still shows inequality between districts/cities. This study aims to Cluster districts/cities in North Sumatra Province based on rice and rice production characteristics using the K-Means Clustering method. The variables used in the analysis include rice paddy production, rice production, harvested land area, and productivity. The data used is secondary data obtained from the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) of North Sumatra Province. All variables were analyzed after going through a standardization process using the Z-score method. The clustering results showed the formation of two main clusters. The first cluster consists of 29 districts/cities with production and productivity levels below the provincial average. The second cluster includes 3 districts/municipalities, namely Simalungun, Deli Serdang, and Serdang Bedagai, which have high agricultural performance, particularly in terms of paddy and rice production. Based on the ANOVA test, all variables showed significant differences between clusters (p-value <0.05), with paddy and rice production as the most influential variable with an F value of 89.648 with a significant value of 0.000. This research is expected to be a reference in the formulation of more effective and data-based agricultural development policies in North Sumatra Province.58 pagesKertas Karya Diplom
Implementation of Jump Point Search Algorithm in Finding 2D Grid-Based Dungeon Routes
No full textFinding efficient paths in a two-dimensional grid environment presents its own chal-lenges, especially when the space is filled with obstacles that restrict movement. This study discusses the implementation of the Jump Point Search (JPS) algorithm for pathfinding in a 2D grid-based dungeon. The A* (A-Star) algorithm is used as a com-parison to evaluate JPS in terms of efficiency and processing time. The research is limited to uniform-cost grids, with elements consisting of walls, walkable paths, a start point, and an end point. The application was developed using the Python pro-gramming language in the form of a desktop GUI. Testing was carried out by compar-ing the performance of JPS and A* (A-Star) in finding paths across various dungeons with different movement spaces, obstacle densities, and structures. The results show that JPS is consistently faster and more efficient than A* (A-Star), especially on larger grids and in complex environments. In several scenarios, JPS achieved more than a 97% reduction in processing time and up to a 99% decrease in the number of visited nodes. However, A* (A-Star) still produced more optimal path costs in certain condi-tions. JPS also demonstrated stable performance in multi-end node and dynamic envi-ronment testing, as long as the grid structure did not change drastically.59 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of Factors Affecting Crime Rates in North Sumatra Using Multiple Linear Regression Method
No full textCrime is a social issue that is often encountered across various segments of society and is felt by every country, including Indonesia, in a global context. Although Indonesia is considered a safe country to visit, many Indonesians still experience criminal acts. The purpose of this research is to identify the various factors influencing criminal behavior, analyze the impact of each factor, and determine the relationship between the related variables. This research uses multiple linear regression methods on secondary data obtained from BPS North Sumatra. After the data is processed using multiple linear regression, the regression equation obtained is: Ŷ = -15.988 + 0.530X1 - 0.550X2 - 0.004X3 - 0.038X4. After obtaining the regression equation, a simultaneous test can be conducted, resulting in F count (0.490) < F table (6.59), which means there is no effect of the independent variables on the dependent variable simultaneously.55 PagesKertas Karya Diplom