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An Analysis of the Mamdani Complex Fuzzy Inference System for Sunshine Duration Prediction
No full textClimate change and weather variability have become significant global challenges, particularly in predicting atmospheric parameters such as sunshine duration. This parameter plays a crucial role in agriculture, energy, and public health sectors. However, the complexity and uncertainty of meteorological variables such as air temperature, humidity, and rainfall make conventional prediction methods less effective. To address this issue, this study proposes the development of a Mamdani Complex Fuzzy Inference System (M-CFIS), a fuzzy inference model based on complex numbers that comprehensively integrates both amplitude and phase information across the fuzzification, inference, and defuzzification processes. The system was evaluated using temperature, humidity, and rainfall data as input variables to predict sunshine duration. Experimental results show that M-CFIS produces more accurate predictions (with an average of 9.93 hours) compared to the conventional Mamdani method (9.25 hours), while maintaining inference phase stability, indicated by a phase angle of Z approaching zero radians. These findings demonstrate that M-CFIS offers improved accuracy, computational efficiency, and the ability to capture seasonal patterns that are typically unrecognized by conventional fuzzy systems. Furthermore, the model has been successfully implemented in a Python-based application for practical deployment.117 PagesTesis Magiste
The Role of Local Communities in Managing the Tree House Tourist Destination in Tarabunga Village Toba Regency
No full textTourism is a crucial sector in the economic, social, and cultural development of a region. In Indonesia, tourism villages are a key tourism development strategy, providing authentic experiences through direct interaction between tourists and local communities. Tarabunga Village in Toba Regency, North Sumatra, boasts significant tourism potential, boasting panoramic views of Lake Toba, rich cultural heritage, and the popular Tree House tourist attraction. This study aims to examine the role of the local community in managing the Tree House tourist destination in Tarabunga Village, Toba Regency, North Sumatra. While this destination boasts significant natural and cultural potential, it has not yet been optimally developed. The study employed descriptive qualitative methods through field observations and in-depth interviews with the community and local tourism managers. The results indicate that the community is involved in several aspects of management, such as providing creative economic services, maintaining the environment, and improving tourist comfort and safety. However, this involvement remains limited and poorly organized. The main inhibiting factors are a lack of training, minimal government support, and the absence of a supportive institutional system. This study recommends increasing community capacity through the formation of tourism awareness groups (Pokdarwis), tourism management training, and collaboration between the community, government, and tourism stakeholders to promote sustainability and local well-being.
Keywords : Tourist Village, Tree House, Community Role, Tourism Management, Tarabunga, Local Economy, Sustainable Tourism49 PagesKertas Karya Diplom
The Effect of Ratio of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with Sappan Wood Extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.) and Arabic Gum Concentration on the Quality of Emulsion Drinks
No full textThis study was conducted to determine the effect of the ratio of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with sappan wood extract and arabic gum concentration on the quality of emulsion drinks. This research was conducted using a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) method with two factors, namely the ratio of VCO and sappan wood extract (E): (10%:90%, 20%:80%, 30%:70%) and arabic gum concentration (G): (5%, 7%, 9%). The parameters analysed included color index, pH, total dissolved solids, viscosity, emulsion stability, free fatty acids, antioxidant activity IC50, color descriptive, aroma descriptive, taste descriptive, viscosity descriptive, and overall acceptance.
The results showed that the ratio of Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) with sappan wood extract had a highly significant effect (P0,05) on total dissolved solids and free fatty acids. The arabic gum concentration had a highly significant effect (P0,05) on pH, free fatty acids, antioxidant activity IC50, aroma descriptive, and taste descriptive. The best treatment was found in E2G3 with 20% VCO : 80% sappan wood extract, and 9% arabic gum. The value of antioxidant activity IC50 in the best treatment was 96,6603 µg/ml.153 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Optimization of Series Machine Scheduling to Minimize Makespan Using Dynamic Programming Method
No full textThe furniture industry faces challenges in meeting high market demand, primarily
due to suboptimal production scheduling. This research aims to optimize wardrobe
production scheduling at Karangsari Furniture to minimize makespan (total
completion time) using the Dynamic Programming (DP) method. The company's
current method, Campbell Dudek Smith (CDS), is compared with the proposed
dynamic programming approach to evaluate efficiency. Data was collected through
direct observation and document studies, encompassing process times, rating
factors, allowances, and product demand. Time measurements were validated
through tests for data uniformity and sufficiency. Analysis results show the actual
makespan was 190.929 hours with the sequence Job A-B-C, whereas dynamic
programming yielded a makespan of 169.576 hours with the optimal sequence Job
B-C-A. An Efficiency Index (EI) value of 1.139 proves the superiority of dynamic
programming compared to CDS. The conclusion of this research affirms that
dynamic programming is effective in reducing makespan and production delays.
Implementing dynamic programming can enhance production floor efficiency and
customer satisfaction. Recommendations for the company include adopting
dynamic programming for routine scheduling and exploring other methods for
further development. This research contributes to the operational literature of the
furniture industry with a dynamic programming-based optimization approach.123 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Truck Blind Spot Warning System Using HC-SR04 Ultrasonic Sensor and ESP32-CAM With Node-RED Visual Display
No full textTraffic accidents involving large vehicles such as trucks are often caused by blind spot areas that are not visible to the driver. To address this issue, this study aims to design and implement a blind spot warning system on trucks using the HC-SR04 ultrasonic sensor and ESP32-CAM module, with LED and buzzer outputs as warning indicators. The HC-SR04 sensor is used to detect the presence of objects around the vehicle within a certain distance, while the ESP32-CAM provides real-time visual monitoring via a Node-RED dashboard interface. Testing was carried out at various distances ranging from 2 cm to 402 cm, and the results were compared with manual measurements using a tape measure as the reference value. Based on the test results, the system achieved an accuracy level of 99.1754625% with an average error of 0,82669%, indicating that the sensor operates with high precision in detecting object distances. This system effectively provides early warnings to drivers through both visual and auditory alerts, thus enhancing awareness and driving safety. With these results, the system is considered feasible for further development as an active safety solution for large vehicles such as trucks.97 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Comparative Analysis and Design of Solar Panels Using Reflectors, Cooling Systems and Sun Trackers
No full textThe utilization of solar energy as a renewable energy source is increasingly developing to improve the efficiency of electricity generation. However, the efficiency of solar panels is still influenced by various factors, such as light intensity, temperature, and the angle of illumination. This study uses an experimental method that includes the design and testing of three solar panel systems: solar panels with reflectors to increase the intensity of received light, solar panels with a passive cooling system using a heatsink to reduce the working temperature of the panel, and solar panels with a sun tracker system without sensors to maintain the optimal angle of the solar panel towards the sun. Testing was conducted over five days with the recording of parameters including light irradiation, panel temperature, voltage, and current. The research results showed that the cooling system provided the highest average efficiency of 11.42%, followed by the sun tracking system with 10.89%, and the reflector with 10.41%. From the cost-benefit analysis, solar panels with reflectors had the highest Net Present Value (NPV) of IDR 426,154.085, a Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) of 2.03, and the fastest Payback Period (PP), which is 6 years, compared to the other systems. Based on the results of this study, the use of reflectors is proven to be the most effective solution due to its lower investment and faster capital return, easy application and maintenance, and still provides a significant efficiency increase.65 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Diversity of Mangroves at Pantai Serambi Deli of Deli Serdang Regency North Sumatera Province
No full textThe existence of mangrove forests at Pantai Serambi Deli is an important area that plays a vital role for the region, functioning physically as a carbon sink, erosion barrier, windbreaker, and saltwater intrusion barrier, as well as biologically as a breeding ground for various organisms. Mangroves tend to form a density and structural diversity that acts as sediment traps and provides protection against coastal erosion. This research aims to assess the diversity and density of mangroves and the relationship between mangrove diversity and environmental parameters. The study was conducted from August to September 2024, which included sample collection and data analysis. he research findings show that there are 12 species of mangroves at Pantai Serambi Deli, namely: Achanthus ebracteatus, Nypa fruticans, Excoecaria agallocha, Xylocarpus granatum, Acrostichum aureum, Bruguiera cylindrica, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Sonneratia alba, Avicennia marina, Avicennia officinalis, and Achanthus ebracteatus. The mangrove diversity index values at stations I, II, and III are 1.205, 1.683, and 2.151, which fall into the moderate category. The mangrove density values at the tree level are highest at station I with 2,300 ind/ha, the sapling level is highest at 8,400 ind/ha, and the seedling level is highest at 186,667 ind/ha. The relationship between mangrove diversity and environmental parameters shows a positive correlation.64 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Secretome-Hypoxia Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Wistar Rats Rattus Norvegicus with Ischemic Stroke Investigations on Neurological Deficit, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein, CD31 and S100b
No full textIntroduction: Currently, the standard treatments for ischemic stroke are
intravenous thrombolysis and endovascular recanalization. In the acute phase
(<4.5 hours), only 3.2 % to 5.2% of ischemic stroke patients are eligible for
intravenous thrombolysis treatment. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are
multipotent cells that can differentiate into different types of cells. MSCs will
secrete secretomes that contain growth factors, chemokines, cytokines and
bioactive lipids which is a potential therapy to improve neurological deficit in
ischemic stroke. MSCs secretome promote the increasing production of CD31 and
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). Secretome hypoxia mesenchymal
stem cells induce neurogenesis and angiogenesis effect from increasing the VEGF
nad CD31 expression and reducing GFAP and S100B expression. Mechanisms
above lead to cell regenerations and neurological function improvement in
ischemic stroke. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of 150 μl SHMSCs
injection toward the increasing of VEGF and CD31 expression and
decreasing of GFAP and S100B expression in Rattus norvegicus rats with
ischemic stroke.
Methods: A post-test-only experimental design with consecutive sampling was
used, with 32 Rattus norvegicus as subjects. Secretome mesenchymal stem cells
(SMSCs) under hypoxia condition were isolated from the umbilical cords of rats
at 21 days of gestation. Assessment was carried out by measured the volume area
infarction in rats’ brain and neurological improvement from mNSS in the sham
group, control group (ischemic rats model with middle cerebral artery occlusion
(MCAO) from CCA clamping), and resultant secretome was administered to
ischemic rats subjected at doses of 150 μL (P1 group) and 300 μL (P2 group).
Results: There are significantly diferrent between P2 group toward the increasing
of VEGF (p = 0,028); CD31 (p = 0,031) also the decreasing of GFAP (p =
0,001); S100B (p = 0,029) and control group. There are also significantly
diferrent in neuronal survival percentation from the measurement of volume area
infarction between sham group ( p = 0,001), P1 ( p = 0,001), P2 ( p = 0,001) and
control group also mNSS score between P2 (p = 0,003) and control group.
Conclusion: SH-MSCs can induce cell proliferation, neuron cell survival,
angiogenesis, vascularization, neurogenesis and blood-brain-barrier integrity
recovery in rats’ brain through the increases of VEGF and CD31 expressions also
the decreases of GFAP and S100B, which affects the reduction of infarction volume
area and mNSS. These lead to neurological function and clinical improvement in
ischemic stroke in rats.208 PagesDisertasi Dokto
Analysis of Abuse of Circumstances by One Party in a Sale And Purchase Deed (Case Study of Supreme Court Decision Number 705 Pk/Pdt/2023 and Supreme Court Decision Number 3406 K/Pdt/2019)
No full textThe abuse of circumstances (misbruik van omstandigheden) in Supreme Court Decision Number 705 PK/Pdt/2023 and Supreme Court Decision Number 3406 K/Pdt/2019 which take advantage of a person's economic condition and ignorance in signing a Deed of Sale and Purchase and the role of the Land Deed Making Officer (PPAT) in preventing abuse of circumstances in making a Deed of Sale and Purchase. The purpose of this study is to analyze the existence of parties who take advantage of the conditions of economically and psychologically weaker parties for personal gain, identify their actions can be considered abuse of circumstances, evaluate the validity of authentic deeds made before PPAT, and assess court decisions related to abuse of circumstances in order to provide justice in handling the case.
The research adopts a normative juridical method with a descriptive analytical approach. Secondary data sources include primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials. Data collection techniques encompass library research and field studies, using document reviews and interviews as tools. Data analysis is conducted qualitatively.
The study reveals that the Defendants exploited the Plaintiff’s dependency, trust, and economic vulnerability for personal gain, violating principles of transparency and fairness. The Judges considered economic and psychological advantage parameters in determining abuse of circumstances as stipulated in legal precedents. The legal application by the Supreme Court in Decision No. 705 PK/Pdt/2023 did not adequately provide legal justice to the rightful party regarding the transferred object and the Judge should have canceled the Deed of Sale and Purchase as in Supreme Court Decision Number 3406 K/Pdt/2019 in its Decision, it is of the opinion that there was abuse of circumstances in the signing of the Deed of Sale and Purchase by the Plaintiff, which resulted in a defective will.192 PagesTesis Magiste
Ethnic Chinese Vegetable Farmers in Ujung Rambung Village, Pantai Cermin District (1975-2004)
No full textThis research discusses the Chinese Ethnic Vegetable Farmers in Ujung Rambung
Village, Pantai Cermin District, Serdang Bedagai Regency from 1975 to 2004.
This research aims to explain the existence of the Chinese ethnic group in this
area, which is inseparable from the large wave of migration that occurred from
the late 19th century to the early 20th century, closely related to the labor needs in
the East Sumatra tobacco plantation sector. After completing their contract or
free laborer work, most Chinese immigrants chose to settle permanently,
including in Ujung Rambung Village. Since around 1942, the Chinese community,
particularly those from the Hai Lohong clan from Hainan, began to build a new
life as vegetable farmers. This research uses a historical method with a
qualitative approach that includes heuristic, source criticism, interpretation, and
historiography stages. Primary data was obtained through field observations and
interviews with Chinese-descendant farmers and village officials, while secondary
data was collected from literature studies, including books, scientific articles, and
archives. The research results show that the profession of vegetable farmer is
maintained not only as a source of livelihood but also as a heritage passed down
through generations. This agricultural activity has developed more intensively
since 1975, and the term “vegetable garden” has emerged, locally referring to
agricultural areas managed by the Chinese community that consistently cultivate
various types of vegetables. The term “Chinese Vegetable Garden Farmers” has
also emerged to describe the identity of this group, which relies on the vegetable
farming sector for their livelihood. The research results explain the background of
the Chinese community in Ujung Rambung Village in choosing the profession of
vegetable farmer, the form of agriculture run by the Chinese Vegetable Garden
community, and the reasons why the Chinese community maintains the profession
of vegetable farmer. Additionally, the sustainability of this agricultural activity is
strengthened by social bonds among community members, the use of simple
agricultural technology, and limited alternative livelihoods in the village area.
This research concludes how the Chinese community in the village is able to
preserve a tradition passed down through generations in the farming profession
in Ujung Rambung Village, Pantai Cermin District.128 PagesSkripsi Sarjan