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Elements of Toba Batak Society Culture in the Legend of Patukkot Sinataniari in Saitnihuta Village, Samosir District A Study of Literary Anthropology
No full textPatukkot Simataniari as one of the oral literature products that is part of the oral tradition of the Batak Toba tribe. Therefore, this study examines the legend of Patukkot Simataniari which developed in Saitnihuta Village, Samosir Regency, through a literary anthropology approach. This legend not only functions as a folktale, but also contains cultural, social, and moral values that shape the community's outlook on life. The purpose of this study is to reveal the cultural elements that exist in the community towards the legend and to identify the cultural values contained in it. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through interviews, observations, and documentation studies. The results of the study show that the legend of Patukkot Simataniari reflects local values such as obedience to customs, respect for ancestors, and balance between humans and nature. In addition, this legend also plays a role in shaping the cultural identity of the Saitnihuta community and is an important part in passing on traditional values to the younger generation. The conclusion of this study confirms that oral literature such as legends has a strategic role in preserving culture and strengthening the identity of local communities.118 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of Constraints of the Community Oil Palm Rejuvenation Program on the Potential for Economic Growth of Community Oil Palm Farmers in Batu Bara Regency
No full textThe People's Palm Oil Replanting (PSR) program is an initiative by the Indonesian
government to increase the productivity of old or unproductive oil palm plantations.
Batu Bara District, North Sumatra, is one of the regions with great potential in the oil
palm plantation sector, but the implementation of the PSR program in this region faces
various obstacles. Constraints such as high costs, complicated administrative
processes, and farmers' lack of trust in the effectiveness of the program often hinder the
success of the PSR. This study aims to analyze the constraints faced in the
implementation of the PSR program in Batu Bara District and its impact on the
economic growth of smallholder oil palm farmers in the region. This research uses a
quantitative approach with an explanatory method to identify the relationship between
various variables that affect the implementation of the PSR. Data were collected
through surveys and interviews with oil palm smallholders involved in the PSR program
in two main sub-districts, namely Datuk Tanah Datar and Laut Tador. The data
analysis technique used was multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS 21
software. The variables analyzed included administrative constraints, land availability,
human resources, infrastructure, and sustainability factors. The results showed that
administrative constraints, such as the complex process of processing documents and
the lack of ownership of land certificates by farmers, were one of the main factors that
slowed down the implementation of the program. In addition, the lack of access to
adequate technology and training is also a barrier for farmers to increase their
productivity. Inadequate infrastructure, such as poor road access and a lack of
supporting facilities, also affects the effectiveness of the PSR program. However, these
constraints did not show a significant effect on the economic growth of smallholder oil
palm farmers in this region, based on the regression tests conducted. Nevertheless, this
study found that the sustainability of the PSR program and capacity building of farmers
through education and training can have a positive impact on the productivity and
welfare of oil palm farmers in the long run. This study provides recommendations for
the local government and relevant stakeholders to focus on simplifying the
administrative process, increasing access to technology, and improving infrastructure
to support the success of the PSR program in Batu Bara District. By addressing these
constraints, PSR has great potential to improve local economic growth and the welfare
of smallholder oil palm farmers in the region.139 PagesTesis Magiste
The Effectiveness of Berastagi Orange Concentrate (Citrus Nobilis Var. brastepu) as an Etching Agent on Shear Bond Strength (SBS) of Orthodontic Brackets
No full textEffectiveness of Berastagi Orange Concentrate (Citrus Nobilis Var. brastepu) as an
Etching Material on Orthodontic Bracket Shear Bond Strength xiii + 60
pages
The shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets is obtained from the bonding
material’s ability to withstand applied pressure; therefore, to support the bonding strength of brackets, phosphoric acid gel is commonly used. A natural alternative is citric acid gel from Berastagi orange (Citrus Nobilis Var. brastepu). Citric acid is a weak organic acid that, similarto EDTA, acts as a chelating agent. Citric acid is highly biocompatible and is used to remove the smear layer. This study aimed to determine the difference in the mean shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets after the application of Berastagi Orange Consentrate 30%, 40%, and 50%, and 37% phosphoric acid gel. This research is an experimental laboratory study. The research samples were maxillary premolar teeth that underwent prophylaxis and were bonded with stainless steel orthodontic brackets (Ormco brand), totaling 28 samples, then divided into 4 treatment groups. Based on the study, it can be concluded that the mean shear bond strength values of the orthodontic brackets in the 30% citric acid gel group (5.446 ± 1.674 MPa), 40% citric acid gel group (4.537 ± 2.053 MPa), and 50% citric acid gel group (5.298 ± 2.493 MPa), and the 37% phosphoric acid gel group (4.048 ± 1.209 MPa). Conclusion of the research is there were no statistical differences in the mean shear bond strength between the 30% Berastagi Orange Concentrate gel group
and the 37% phosphoric acid gel group, between the 40% Berastagi Orange Concentrate gel group and the 37% phosphoric acid gel group, and between the 50% Berastagi Orange Concentrate gel group and the 37% phosphoric acid gel group.73 pagesSkripsi Sarjan
Production of Activated Carbon from Corn Cob with Sulfuric Acid Activator (H2SO4) for Manganese Metal (Mn) Absorption in Drilled Well Water
No full textThe increase in industrial development often results in waste, chemicals,
or leaks from factory infrastructure that have the potential to contaminate
groundwater and compromise the quality of water from bore wells. In this study,
activated carbon was produced from corn cobs using H₂SO₄ as an activating
agent. Corn cobs were selected as the raw material for activated carbon due to
their high carbon content, consisting of approximately 45% cellulose, 35%
hemicellulose, and 15% lignin. The use of H₂SO₄ as an activator aims to enlarge
the carbon surface area and enhance its adsorption capacity. The activated carbon
was characterized using the X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) method. The
concentration of manganese (Mn) metal in the samples before and after the
addition of corn cob-based activated carbon was measured using Atomic
Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). The results showed that after the addition
of activated carbon with H₂SO₄ concentrations of 30%, 35%, and 40%, the
manganese (Mn) concentrations decreased with adsorption rates of 86.93%, 84%,
and 85.48%, respectively. This study concludes that the highest efficiency in
reducing manganese (Mn) content was achieved using corn cob-based activated
carbon activated with 30% H₂SO₄.67 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Influence of Job Stress on Job Hopping Intention with Self Efficacy as a Moderating Variabel Among Generation Z Employees
No full textThe increasing prevalence of job hopping intention among Generation Z employees is
influenced by various factors, notably job stress within the workplace. This study
investigates the effect of job stress on job hopping intention, while examining self
efficacy as a moderating variable. Employing a quantitative design with a correlational
approach, the sample comprised 173 Generation Z employees working in Medan,
Indonesia, with a tenure of less than two years, selected through convenience sampling.
Data were collected using structured questionnaires distributed via Google Forms,
encompassing validated and reliable scales measuring job stress, job hopping intention,
and self-efficacy. Analytical procedures were conducted using Moderated Regression
Analysis (MRA) to test the moderating role of self-efficacy in the relationship between
job stress and job hopping intention. The results revealed a significant effect (p = 0.001
< 0.05), along with an increase in the coefficient of determination (R²) from 0.358
(simple regression) to 0.463 (with moderation), indicating that self-efficacy contributes
additional explanatory value. These findings suggest that self-efficacy moderates the
relationship between job stress and job hopping intention, and plays a substantial role
in shaping employment behavior among Generation Z.139 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Factors Causing Drugs Abuse at the IPWL Nazar Foundation Rehabilitation Centre
No full textDrug abuse (NAPZA) remains a serious social issue with increasing prevalence and
significant impacts on individuals’ physical, psychological, social, and spiritual
well being. This study aims to identify and analyze the factors that contribute to
drug abuse among residents undergoing rehabilitation at the IPWL Nazar
Rehabilitation Center in North Sumatra. Using a qualitative descriptive method,
data were collected through indepth interviews, direct observations, and
documentation. The informants consisted of the Head of the Foundation as the key
informant, four residents as main informants, and one family member as an
additional informant, selected through purposive sampling. The findings show that
drug abuse is influenced by interrelated internal and external factors. Internal
factors include curiosity, emotional instability, and an inability to cope with stress
and life pressures. External factors consist of peer influence, a permissive social
environment, dysfunctional family conditions with minimal communication and
supervision, as well as the easy availability of narcotics in the community. The
study also reveals that weak family dynamics, lack of parental presence, and poor
emotional support increase residents’ vulnerability to drug abuse. Additionally, the
rehabilitation programs implemented at IPWL Nazar including counseling,
education, spiritual guidance, and post rehabilitation support groups play an
important role in the recovery process and in preventing relapse. Overall, this study
concludes that drug abuse arises from the interaction between individual
psychological conditions and social environmental influences. The results are
expected to contribute to the development of Social Welfare Science and provide
practical input for rehabilitation institutions in improving their prevention and
recovery programs for drug users.136 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of Affect in Sensual Content Comments on Social Media X: Appraisal Study
No full textSocial media is now a means of communication, information gathering, and interaction.
One of the most widely used platforms is social media X. On this platform, users can not
only share information, but also freely upload various types of content, including photos
and videos. The content published is also highly diverse, ranging from general topics to
explicit content, including vulgar and even pornographic material, without strict
restrictions from the platform. One example is the X social media account of June Liu, a
Chinese adult actress, who has over 1.7 million followers and has become one of the most
influential figures in the digital world. Through this platform, users can participate in
discussions by commenting on each post. In these interactions, affective expressions often
appear and reflect a variety of emotions, both positive ones that show appreciation or
pleasant emotional responses, and negative ones that show dislike or unpleasant
emotional expressions. Affect itself is one of the components of the Appraisal system,
which refers to the expression of emotions in language, both directly and indirectly. In
this study, data in the form of Mandarin-language comments were collected using
purposive sampling techniques and analyzed using content analysis techniques. The
results of the study show that there are two types of affect that emerge, namely: (1)
positive affect with the categories of happiness, security, and satisfaction, and (2) negative
affect with the category of dissatisfaction.136 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Effect of Using Bur Rubber Cup and Felt Cone as Rotary Instrument in the Application of Polishing Paste Based on 25% Blood Clam Shell on the Surface Roughness of Nanohybrid Composite Resin Restoration (In Vitro)
No full textThe long-term success of composite restorations depends largely on their smoothness, which can be achieved with the right polishing tools and material selection. The surface roughness of composite resins is influenced by several intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Extrinsic factors relate to methods at the finishing and polishing stage, such as materials, tools, and polishing techniques. The use of polishing paste at the polishing stage can result in a smooth and shiny restoration surface. In addition, there are abrasive and non-abrasive rotary instruments as polishing paste applicators, namely bur rubber cup and bur felt cone. Currently, pasta made from blood clam (Anadara granosa) shells is being developed.
The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in the effect of blood clam shell paste (Anadara granosa) and commercial paste using bur rubber cup and felt cone on the surface roughness of composite resin restorations. This laboratory experimental research uses a post-test only group design. This study used 24 maxillary 1st incisor teeth restored in Class V and divided into six treatment groups: polishing group using blood clam shell paste with bur rubber cup and felt cone; polishing group using commercial paste with bur rubber cup and felt cone; and polishing group using only bur rubber cup and felt cone. Sample surface roughness testing using a profilometer.
Statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA test and Post Hoc LSD (Least Significant Difference) with the degree of significance α=0.05. The results of the One Way ANOVA test obtained a significance value of p=0.000, which showed there was a significant difference between the six treatment groups (p<0.05). The group of samples polished using blood clam shell-based paste and with a rubber cup bur showed the lowest surface roughness values.97 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Symbols in the Movie Hachiko (2023)
No full textThis paper examines the film Hachiko as a cross-cultural adaptation that brings to life the legendary story of Hachiko, the loyal dog, within a modern Chongqing context. Based on a literature review, this paper presents the film’s synopsis and production background, followed by an analysis of its intrinsic elements, symbolism, and thematic meanings. The findings reveal that the theme of loyalty is realized through the emotional bond between Professor Chen Jingxiu and his dog Batong, supported by family characters that enrich the narrative depth. Symbols such as the cable-car station, mahjong, and the evolving cityscape enhance the local setting. The film highlights values of honoring memory, cross-species empathy, and ethical reflection in the face of modernization. This work aims to enrich studies of cross-cultural adaptation and support discussions on cinematherapy and animal advocacy.38 PagesKertas Karya Diplom
The Effect Of Compaction Pressure Variation On The Characteristics Of (CuNiMn)-xAl Medium Entropy Alloy Using Powder Metallurgy Technique
No full textThis study investigates the effect of compaction pressure variation on the characteristics of (CuNiMn)-xAl medium entropy alloy (MEA) synthesized using the powder metallurgy technique. The research aims to evaluate how mechanical and physical properties of the alloy are influenced by changes in compaction pressure and aluminum content. The alloy consists of equiatomic copper, nickel, and manganese, with additional aluminum at 0.5 wt.% and 1.5 wt.%. The compaction process was carried out using warm compaction at 150 °C for 15 minutes with applied pressures of 250 MPa and 290 MPa, followed by sintering at 900 °C for 1 hour. The specimens were tested for density, hardness (Vickers test), wear resistance (using a pin-on-disc tribometer), microstructure (via optical microscopy), and surface morphology using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The results indicated that the combination of 290 MPa compaction pressure and 1.5 wt.% aluminum addition yielded the best properties, with a maximum density of 4.59 g/cm³ and hardness of 430 HV. Aluminum addition enhanced microstructural densification and reduced porosity, while higher compaction pressure increased particle bonding. SEM-EDS analysis revealed a homogeneous elemental distribution and the formation of dominant Cu-Ni-Mn-based phases, along with oxygen presence due to aluminum's high affinity for oxidation during sintering. Overall, the combination of optimized compaction pressure and aluminum content significantly improved the alloy's mechanical performance. The developed (CuNiMn)-xAl alloy shows promising potential as an alternative material for mechanical components, particularly bushings, due to its high hardness, optimal density, and excellent wear resistance.129 PagesSkripsi Sarjan