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Real-Time Hand Gesture Recognition Implementation Using Convolutional Neural Network Algorithm to Move the Strandbeest Robot
No full textTechnological developments in the field of artificial intelligence and robotics have
enabled more natural human-machine interactions, one of which is through hand
gesture recognition systems. This study aims to implement Convolutional Neural
Network (CNN) in a hand gesture recognition system to control the movement
instructions of a Strandbeest robot in real-time. In this study, the system was trained to
recognize several types of hand gestures with the types of instructions being forward,
backward, turning left, turning right, and stopping. A dataset of hand gesture images
was collected and processed through a pre-processing stage consisting of hand
landmarking, cropping, and resizing. Then, a model with CNN architecture will be
trained using the dataset and produce a hand gesture recognition system. The results of
hand gesture recognition as a type of instruction will be sent to the Strandbeest robot
via Wi-Fi connectivity and an ESP32 microcontroller as the receiver. Then the
microcontroller sends instructions to the L298N motor driver to move the Strandbeest
robot according to the hand gestures recognized by the training system. The test results
show that the CNN model is able to recognize hand gestures with an accuracy of 92%
in real-time with an average response time of less than 100 milliseconds. This research
proves that CNN can be implemented as a real-time hand gesture recognition algorithm
to provide a robotics control system, especially the Strandbeest robot.80 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Impact of Labor Migration on Indonesia's Economic Growth
No full textThis study aims to explain the impact of Indonesian Labor Migration,
remittances, and foreign worker migration on Indonesia's economic growth.
The type of research used is quantitative descriptive with a quantitative
approach. The data used in this study are secondary data in the form of time series
for 30 years 1994-2023 taken from the Central Statistics Agency (BPS), the
National Agency for Protection of Indonesian Migrant Workers (BNP2TKI), the
Ministry of Manpower of the Republic of Indonesia (Kemenaker), Bank Indonesia,
and literature related to this study.
The results of the study indicate that partially, Indonesian labor migration
has a significant positive effect on economic growth, remittances have a significant
positive effect, while foreign labor migration has a significant positive effect.
Simultaneously, these three variables have a significant effect on Indonesia's
economic growth.93 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Influence of Electronic Word of Mouth (EWOM) and Celebrity Endorsement on Consumer Purchase Interest in Lazada E-Commerce (Case Study on Students of the University of North Sumatra)
No full textThis research aims to analyze the influence of Electronic Word of Mouth (E-WOM) and Celebrity Endorsement on consumer purchase intention in the Lazada E-Commerce platform. The rapid development of digital technology and social media has significantly changed consumer behavior, especially in online shopping activities. Companies are required to implement effective marketing strategies, including maximizing E-WOM and utilizing Celebrity Endorsements, to increase consumer interest and purchasing decisions. This study uses a quantitative explanatory research method. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to students of Universitas Sumatera Utara who had experience in using Lazada. The sampling technique applied was purposive sampling, with a total sample size determined based on Hair’s formula. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the help of SPSS software to test the effect of the independent variables, namely E-WOM (X1) and Celebrity Endorsement (X2), on the dependent variable, Purchase Intention (Y). The results of this study indicate that E-WOM has a positive and significant effect on consumer purchase intention in Lazada E-Commerce. Similarly, Celebrity Endorsement also positively influences consumer purchase intention. Furthermore, E-WOM and Celebrity Endorsement simultaneously have a significant effect on consumer purchase intention. These findings emphasize the importance of positive consumer Reviews and the selection of appropriate Celebrity Endorsers in building consumer trust and encouraging purchasing behavior. The implication of this study is that Lazada needs to strengthen the quality of online customer Reviews and carefully select Celebrity Endorsers who are credible, relevant, and have a high engagement rate. Future research is expected to expand the population beyond students and include other variables such as brand image, price promotion, and consumer trust to obtain more comprehensive results.99 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Eradication of Illegal Cigarettes in The Jurisdiction of The Customs and Excise Supervision and Service Office (KPPBC) Medan from The Perspective of Officers
No full textThe circulation of illegal cigarettes in Indonesia remains a major challenge, particularly within the jurisdiction of the Customs and Excise Supervision and Service Office (KPPBC) Type B Medan. According to data from the Directorate General of Customs and Excise (DJBC), the potential state loss due to illegal cigarettes in 2023 was estimated at IDR 5 trillion. Additionally, the number of active smokers in Indonesia in 2023 was estimated at 70 million people, with 7.4% of them aged 10-18 years. The prevalence of illegal cigarette circulation nationwide in 2023 was recorded at 4.9% of total national cigarette consumption, a decrease from 5.5% in 2022.
This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of illegal cigarette eradication strategies implemented by KPPBC Medan from the perspective of officers, as well as to identify the challenges and supporting factors encountered. The research focuses on supervision, enforcement, and prevention efforts against illegal cigarettes, including those without excise stamps, with counterfeit, reused, or misused excise stamps.
The research method used is a qualitative approach with a case study at KPPBC Type B Medan. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with officers, field observations, and documentation of enforcement data from 2023 to 2024. The analysis examines the experiences, strategies, and real obstacles faced by officers in carrying out supervision and enforcement duties.
The research results show that KPPBC Medan conducted 94 enforcement actions and confiscated 873,216 illegal cigarettes throughout 2023. In 2024, the office has carried out 97 enforcement actions and seized 1,187,329,340 illegal cigarettes. Although active supervision is ongoing, the effectiveness of eradication efforts is still hampered by limited personnel, the vast coverage area, and the increasingly sophisticated methods used by offenders. This research is expected to serve as an evaluation material and provide recommendations for more adaptive and effective supervision policies in the future.95 PagesKertas Karya Diplom
Leadership Style in Improving Administration Efficiency in the Social and Environmental Responsibility Section at PTPN IV Regional II
No full textCorporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is becoming increasingly important for
companies to achieve sustainability. The effectiveness of CSR programs is greatly
influenced by the leadership style applied. Good leaders can enhance
communication, collaboration, and administration efficiency in the CSR
department. Administration efficiency plays a crucial role in supporting the success
of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) programs at PTPN IV Regional II.
The leadership style implemented by leaders significantly affects the smoothness of
administration processes, particularly in addressing challenges such as document
delays and lack of coordination among employees. Therefore, the selection of the
appropriate leadership style becomes key to improving administration efficiency in
the CSR departement. This research aims to determine the effect of leadership style
on administration efficiency in the Social Responsibility and Environmental
department at PTPN IV Regional II. This research employs a qualitative research
method through observations/interviews with 5 informants in the Social and
Environmental Responsibility Section at PTPN IV Regional II. The research results
show that the dominant leadership style is the democratic style, which is
characterized by open communication, staff participation in decision- making, and
the provision of appreciation. This style has a positive impact on staff motivation
and performance. However, administration efficiency is not yet optimal due to
structural constraints such as staff shortages, a manual work system, and ineffective
cross-division coordination due to outdated SOPs. Nevertheless, regular
evaluations and motivation from leadership continue to contribute positively to the
work spirit of the staff. The conclusion of this research is that a democratic
leadership style can enhance a positive work climate, but to achieve optimal
administration efficiency, structural and systemic improvements are needed, such
as the digitization of administration, the addition of staff, as well as updates to
SOPs and strengthening cross-division coordination.76 PagesKertas Karya Diplom
The Effect of Citric Acid and Lemon Peel Pectin Addition on the Quality and Organoleptic Properties of Cocoa Peel Jam
No full textThis research aims to evaluate the impact of adding citric acid and lemon peel
pectin on the quality characteristics of cocoa peel jam. The study was carried out
in the Laboratory of Food Chemical and Biochemical Analysis, Food Technology
Program, and the Research and Technology Laboratory, Agrotechnology
Program, Faculty of Agriculture, as well as the Nutrition Laboratory, Faculty of
Public Health, University of North Sumatra, Medan. The experimental design
employed was a factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with two
factors: the addition of citric acid (0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3%, and 0.4%) and lemon peel
pectin (0.8%, 1.0%, 1.2%, and 1.4%). The parameters analyzed included moisture
content, total dissolved solids, acidity, total sugar, antioxidant activity, crude
fiber content, spreadability, and sensory evaluations of color, taste, aroma,
texture, and overall acceptability.
The results indicated that the addition of citric acid significantly affected pH,
moisture content, total dissolved solids, crude fiber, total sugar, spreadability,
taste, texture, and overall acceptability, while it had no significant effect on
antioxidant activity, color, and aroma. Similarly, the addition of lemon peel pectin
had a significant effect on pH, moisture content, total dissolved solids, crude
fiber, total sugar, spreadability, taste, texture, and overall acceptability, but no
significant effect on antioxidant activity, color, or aroma. The interaction between
citric acid and lemon peel pectin had a significant impact on crude fiber, taste,
texture, and overall acceptability, as well as total sugar, but showed no
significant interaction effects on pH, moisture content, total dissolved solids,
spreadability, antioxidant activity, color, or aroma.106 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Legal Protection for Marine Cargo Policyholders Against Breach of Contract Committed by the Loss Insurance Company (Case Study of Decision No.16/Pdt.G.S/2022/PN.Mks)
No full textInsurance is an essential instrument in providing protection against the risk of loss, including in the transportation of goods by sea, known as marine cargo insurance. However, in practice, breaches of contract (wanprestasi) by insurance companies that harm policyholders are not uncommon. One case that becomes the focus of this study is Decision No. 16/Pdt.G.S/2022/PN.Mks, which illustrates how the rights of marine cargo policyholders were neglected by the insurance company through the rejection of claims for losses that should have been covered. The main issues discussed in this research include: the causal factors of breach of contract committed by the insurance company against marine cargo policyholders; the legal protection that can be provided to disadvantaged policyholders; and the legal considerations of the Panel of Judges regarding legal protection for marine cargo policyholders against breach of contract by insurance companies based on Decision No. 16/Pdt.G.S/2022/PN.Mks.
This thesis applies a normative juridical research method with a descriptive approach and statutory approach. The data used is secondary data as the primary source, collected through literature study, analyzed qualitatively, and supported by case approach based on the court decision in question.
The findings indicate that in Decision No. 16/Pdt.G.S/2022/PN.Mks, the Panel of Judges concluded that the insurance company committed a breach of contract by rejecting the claim submitted by the marine cargo policyholder, even though the event that caused the loss was covered under the insurance policy. The insurance company’s rejection was based on a unilateral interpretation of the “Port to Port Only” clause, which they argued had ended the coverage. However, trial facts proved that the unloading process had not been completed when the vessel encountered an accident due to severe weather. The judges considered that the incident still fell within the scope of protection under the Total Loss Only (TLO) insurance type. Referring to Articles 1238 and 1243 of the Indonesian Civil Code on breach of contract, and the principles of consumer protection under the Insurance Law and Article 28D paragraph (1) of the 1945 Constitution, the judges concluded that the insurance company had failed to fulfill its obligations and decided to partially grant the plaintiff’s claims. This decision emphasizes the importance of providing legal protection to policyholders, which must be implemented honestly, transparently, and fairly, in accordance with the terms agreed upon in the policy.140 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Concentration and Frequency of NAA Application on the Growth of Porang (Amorphohallus muelleri blume) Tuber Cutting
No full textThe increasing industrial demand for porang products makes the development of its cultivation important. The main challenge is the provision of quality seedlings, which can be addressed more efficiently through vegetative propagation methods such as tuber skin cuttings. The use of auxin growth regulators, such as NAA, is effective in accelerating root and shoot formation. This study aims to determine the effect of concentration and frequency of NAA application on the growth of shoots of porang plant tuber skin cuttings. This research was conducted at Jalan Galang, Pagar Merbau III Village, Lubuk Pakam District, Deli Serdang Regency and Biotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, University of North Sumatra from July to December 2024, using a group randomized design with 2 factors. The first factor is the concentration of NAA consisting of 0 ppm, 50 ppm, 100 ppm, 150 ppm, and the second factor is the frequency of NAA application consisting of spraying the 1st (early seedling) and 2nd (early seedling and 1 week day after seedling). The results showed that different concentrations of NAA auxin caused significant differences in the growth of shoots of porang tuber skin cuttings. Treatment with a concentration of 100 ppm (A2) can increase shoot growth, wet and dry weight of plants, chlorophyll and stomata of porang tuber skin cuttings. The frequency of spraying at the beginning of sowing (P1) gave the best results for plant height, tuber weight, chlorophyll a, b, and total, α amylase enzyme and protein, while the frequency of spraying at the beginning of sowing and 7 HSS (P2) showed a higher number of shoots, number of leaves, stem diameter, root length, root wet weight, crown wet weight, root dry weight, and crown dry weight. The interaction between the concentration and frequency of NAA auxin administration gave higher results in the number of leaves at 3 weeks of age and tuber weight.151 PagesTesis Magiste
Histopathological Changes of Tubular and Glomerular Kidney in Rats Induced Inhalation by Formalin at Different Concentration
No full textBackground: Formalin exposure is known to cause oxidative stress and tissue damage,
including nephrotoxicity. The kidney is a major organ affected by formalin toxicity due to
its role in filtration and metabolic detoxification. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate
the effect of kidney histopathology, body and kidney weight induced of different
concentration inhaled formalin in rats (Rattus norvegicus). Methods: This true
experimental study employed a post-test only control group design, consisting of four
groups (n = 6 per group): control (K0), formalin 10 ppm (K1), formalin 50 ppm (K2),
and formalin 100 ppm (K3). Formalin exposure was administered via inhalation for four
weeks. Body weight, kidney weight, and histopathological score were evaluated. Tubular
and glomerular damages were analyzed with Kruskal-Wallis test followed by post hoc
Mann-Whitney test, body weight before and after experimentalwith paired t-test, kidney
weight with One-Way ANOVA test. Results: Formalin exposure induced significant
decreased in both body weight K3 100ppm (p=0.031) and kidney weight K2 50ppm
(p=0.001) compared the control group . The Kruskal–Wallis test showed a significant
difference in tubular injury among groups (p < 0.05), with more severe damage observed
in the K2 50ppm and 100ppm groups (p= 0.010; p= 0.041). However, glomerular scores
showed no significant difference among groups (p = 0.07). Conclusion: Inhalation of
formalin, particularly at concentrations of 50–100ppm, induced kidney damage
characterized by tubular necrosis and reduction in kidney weight. These findings suggest
that prolonged or repeated exposure to formalin may contribute to oxidative stress
mediated renal structural deterioration and functional impairment.85 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Role of Quality Control Systems in Moderating the Factors that Influence Audit Quality at Public Accounting Firms
No full textThis research aims to determine and analyze third party reviews, time budget pressure, audit fees, work experience, independence, and continuing professional education which influence audit quality with a quality control system as a moderating variable at Public Accounting Firms (PAF) in Indonesia. The population in this study was 1442 PAF auditors. The primary data collection method was carried out using a questionnaire technique in the form of questions using Google Form and 304 PAF auditors were obtained as the research sample. The type of research used is descriptive statistical research using structural model analysis and measurement model analysis (outer model) and inner model analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using SmartPLS software. The results of the analysis show that third party reviews, work experience, independence and continuing professional education have a positive effect on audit quality and time budget pressure has a negative effect on audit quality. Audit fees have a negative and insignificant effect on audit quality. The control system variable moderates the effect of time budget pressure on audit quality, while the controlling system variable is unable to moderate the relationship between third-party review variables, audit fees, work experience, independence, and continuing professional education on audit quality.213 PagesDisertasi Dokto