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Legal Protection Against The Imitation Of A Well-Known Trademark In The Jollibee Brand Based On Decision Number 36/Pdt.Sus-Merek/2024/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst
No full textThe development of modern trade positions trademarks as essential instruments in
safeguarding the identity, reputation, and economic value of goods or services. Well-
known trademarks receive special legal protection due to their strong distinctiveness and
high level of public recognition. However, the practice of imitation or registration of
trademarks resembling well-known marks still frequently occurs and creates legal
disputes, as exemplified in the Jollibee trademark imitation case adjudicated in Decision
No. 36/Pdt.Sus-Merek/2024/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst. The research addresses the following
issues: How is the legal regulation of well-known trademarks in Indonesia, What are the
legal consequences for parties registering trademarks resembling well-known marks. And
how is legal protection applied in the case of Jollibee based on Decision No. 36/Pdt.Sus-
Merek/2024/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst.
This study employs a normative juridical method with a case study approach of
Decision No. 36/Pdt.Sus-Merek/2024/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst. The data utilized include
trademark legislation, court decisions, international agreements, and legal literature
concerning the protection of well-known marks. Data analysis was conducted
normatively and qualitatively to examine the application of law in protecting well-known
trademarks and its implications for the parties involved in the case.
The results of this study show that the protection of well-known trademarks in
Indonesia has been comprehensively regulated under Law Number 20 of 2016 on
Trademarks and Geographical Indications, which emphasizes the principles of
constitutive registration, good faith, and special protection for the reputation and
distinctiveness of well-known trademarks. This framework is consistent with international
legal instruments such as the Paris Convention, the TRIPs Agreement, and WIPO
recommendations. The registration of a trademark that resembles a well-known
trademark gives rise to legal consequences in the form of trademark cancellation through
a commercial court decision, which results in the deletion of the trademark and the loss
of exclusive rights, as well as the possibility of civil claims and criminal sanctions.
Decision Number 36/Pdt.Sus-Merek/2024/PN.Niaga.Jkt.Pst in the Jollibee case affirms
that the first-to-file principle cannot protect trademark registrations made in bad faith,
and it underscores the role of the state, through the Directorate General of Intellectual
Property and the courts, in providing both preventive and repressive legal protection to
safeguard well-known trademark owners, prevent consumer confusion, and maintain fair
business competition.137 pagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of the Microstructure and Functional Characteristics of Compost and Biochar Made from Solid Waste and Their Microorganism Growth
No full textThis study aimed to analyze the microstructure, surface area
functional groups, and microbial activity of compost and biochar derived
from solid palm oil waste. The research was conducted at the Soil Chemistry
and Biology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera
Utara; the Metal and Non-Metal Materials Engineering Laboratory, Faculty
of Engineering, Universitas Sumatera Utara; and the National Research and
Innovation Agency (BRIN) Laboratory, Serpong, South Tangerang, from
January to June 2025. The experiment employed a non-factorial Completely
Randomized Design (CRD) with biomass type as the treatment factor and
three replications. The treatments consisted of (K0) compost without EM4,
(B0) biochar without EM4, (K1) compost with EM4, and (B1) biochar with
EM4. The observed parameters included pH, morphology of compost and
biochar (SEM), nutrient content (EDX), surface area (BET), functional
groups (FTIR), and total microbial population (CFU/mL). The results showed
that biochar derived from solid palm oil waste exhibited higher pH, denser
surface morphology, greater nutrient content, and larger surface area
compared to compost, while compost exhibited more diverse functional
groups and a higher total microbial population.73 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Utilization of Organic Leaf Waste into Liquid Organic Fertilizer (POC) in Zero Waste Practices (Case Study of TPST, University of North Sumatra)
No full textThis study aimed to analyze the effect of bioactivator variations on the quality of liquid
organic fertilizer (LOF) made from mahogany leaves and to determine the best treatment
based on macronutrient content. The method used was aerobic fermentation with four
treatment variations: V0 (control without bioactivator), V1 (addition of EM4), V2
(addition of Trichoderma sp.), and V3 (combination of EM4 and Trichoderma sp.). The
parameters analyzed included organic carbon (C-organic), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P),
and potassium (K). The results showed an increase in the percentage of nutrients in each
treatment variation. The C-organic contents in V0, V1, V2, and V3 were 0.39%, 0.48%,
0.51%, and 0.57%, respectively. Nitrogen (N) content increased from 0.06% (V0), 0.08%
(V1), 0.09% (V2), to 0.11% (V3). Phosphorus (P) contents were 0.02% (V0), 0.03% (V1),
0.03% (V2), and 0.04% (V3). Meanwhile, potassium (K) contents were 0.10% (V0),
0.13% (V1), 0.14% (V2), and the highest at 0.16% in V3. Overall, treatment V3
(combination of EM4 and Trichoderma sp.) produced the highest macronutrient
percentages compared to the other treatments. This indicates that the combination of
bioactivators enhances the decomposition process of organic matter and improves
nutrient availability in LOF. However, further optimization is still required to meet the
applicable quality standards for liquid organic fertilizer in accordance with current
regulations98 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Growth and Production of Several Local Samosir Shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) Accessions from Humbang Hasundutan Regency, M1V2 Generation, Colchicine-Induced
No full textThe local Samosir shallot (Allium ascalonicum L.) is a local shallot variety grown in North Sumatra with many advantages, including a distinctive taste and aroma, as well as a shinier color. However, it tends to have smaller bulbs, which reduces production quantity. Efforts to overcome small bulb size can be done through genetic engineering using the chemical mutagen colchicine. To obtain the desired traits, further observation and evaluation are needed to maintain the stability of superior traits that can be passed on to the next generation. This study aims to identify the growth and production of several local Samosir shallot accessions from Humbang Hasundutan Regency, M1V2 generation, colchicine-induced. This research was conducted on Jl. Pasar 1, Tanjung Sari Village, Medan from April to July 2025. This study used descriptive statistical analysis method with treatment comparison through independent t test at α = 0.05 level. The treatment consisted of several accessions, namely Siunong-unong Julu, Simamora 3, and Tipang 2 which had been induced by colchicine mutagen with several colchicine concentrations, namely 0, 200, 400, and 600 ppm. The results showed that colchicine gave different responses to each accession of local Samosir shallot generation M1V2. Siunong-unong Julu accession at 200 ppm colchicine concentration showed an increase in plant length, number of leaves, bulb diameter, wet and dry weight of bulbs, dry weight of shoots, dry weight of roots, harvest index, and percentage of bulb quality compared to the control. The Simamora 3 accession at concentrations of 400 and 600 ppm showed increased plant length, bulb diameter, wet and dry bulb weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and bulb quality percentage compared to the control. The Tipang 2 accession at a concentration of 200 ppm showed increased plant length, number of leaves, bulb diameter, wet and dry bulb weight, shoot dry weight, root dry weight, and bulb quality percentage compared to the control.82 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Analysis of the Effect of Toll Road Development on the Development UMKM and Economic Growth in the Tebing Tinggi City Area
No full textThis study aims to analyze the influence of the Medan–Tebing Tinggi toll road development on the development of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and regional economic growth in Tebing Tinggi City. A quantitative approach was employed, supported by qualitative insights, using primary data from 120 MSME actors and secondary data on GRDP from 2020 to 2024. Regression analysis reveals that the toll road development does not have a statistically significant direct effect on regional economic growth (p-value 0.124), but has a significant influence on MSME development (p-value 0.002). Furthermore, MSME development contributes positively and significantly to economic growth (p-value 0.000), and this relationship is strengthened by the role of government policy as a moderating variable (interaction p-value 0.014). These findings suggest that infrastructure development does not automatically drive economic growth directly, but rather supports it indirectly through the enhancement of MSMEs when accompanied by effective local policy. Therefore, infrastructure planning must be aligned with strategies for strengthening the local economy to ensure inclusive and sustainable development.108 PagesTesis Magiste
Semiotic Analysis of the Poem تفيض عيوني بالدموع السواكب /Tafīḍu ‘Uyūnī bi Ad-Dumū‘I As-Sawākibi/“My Eyes Shed Tears So Profusely” by Al-Imam Al-Haddad
No full textThis study discusses semiotics in the poem تفيض عيوني بالدموع السواكب /tafīḍu ‘uyūnī bi ad-dumū‘i as-sawākibi/ “My Eyes Shed Tears So Profusely” by Al-Imam Al-Haddad. This study aims to explain the discontinuity of expression caused by displacing of meaning, distorting of meaning, and creating of meaning, and identify hermeneutic readings of the poem. This study is a library research using a qualitative descriptive method. The theory used in this study is the semiotic theory proposed by Riffaterre. The data collection technique used in this study is the technique of listening and noting down the text of the poem تفيض عيوني بالدموع السواكب
/tafīḍu ‘uyūnī bi ad-dumū‘i as-sawākibi/ “My Eyes Shed Tears So Profusely” by Al-Imam Al-Haddad. The results of the study show that the discontinuity of expression is divided into three parts: (1) Displacing of meaning; (2) Distorting of meaning; (3) Creating of meaning. (1) Displacing of meaning in 11 data, consisting of 1 data through simile, through metaphor in 4 data, through personification in 2 data, through synecdoche in 1 data, through metonymy in 3 data. (2) Distorting of meaning in 3 data, consisting of 3 data through ambiguity. (3) Creating of meaning in 12 data, consisting of 2 data through enjambement enjambement, through rhyme in 2, through typography in 1 data, through homologue in 7 data. The total number of data on the discontinuity of expression found in this analysis is 26. Meanwhile, hermeneutic readings are found throughout the entire text of the poem about regret for time lost. Thus, this study shows that the semiotic approach is effective in revealing the deeper meanings in religious Arabic literature especially classical poem.121 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Dynamics of Conflict Between the Community and Companies in Pulo Padang Village, Rantau Utara Subdistrict, Labuhan Batu Regency
No full textThis study examines the social conflict between the local community and a palm
oil processing company (name disguised) located in Pulo Padang Village, Rantau
Utara District, Labuhanbatu Regency. The conflict arose as a result of palm oil
processing activities that were perceived to cause environmental pollution, along
with a lack of transparency and community involvement during the initial stages
of the factory’s development. This research aims to identify the factors underlying
the emergence of the conflict, to determine the actors involved and their
respective interests, and to understand the social impacts of the conflict on the
surrounding community. The study employs a qualitative descriptive approach,
with data collected through in-depth interviews, field observations, and
documentation of relevant local events and media sources. The theoretical
foundation of this research is based on Ralf Dahrendorf’s modern conflict theory,
supported by Lewis A. Coser’s perspective, which emphasizes the role of authority
imbalance and the constructive potential of social conflict in reshaping social
order. The findings indicate that the conflict in Pulo Padang stems from unequal
power relations and weak communication between the company, the government,
and the community. Residents who support the company are generally motivated
by economic factors and employment opportunities, while those who oppose it
express concerns over environmental pollution and social disorganization. The
conflict has led to community fragmentation, weakened social cohesion, and
revealed significant information gaps in the development process.167 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
Detection of the CehA Gene Encoding Carbofuran Hydrolase in Bacillus cereus Strain HS06
No full textThe cehA gene is one of the genes encoding the carbofuran hydrolase (KH) enzyme, which plays a role in the biodegradation of the insecticide carbofuran. This study aimed to detect the presence of the cehA gene in Bacillus cereus strain HS06 as one of the carbofuran-degrading bacteria. Gene detection was carried out using four cehA-specific primers. Three primers (cehA1, cehA2, and cehA3) were designed using Primer3 software based on the complete genomes of three Bacillus cereus strains possessing genes encoding the CehA/McbA metallohydrolase enzyme registered in GenBank, while one primer (cehA4) was obtained from the literature. Primer cehA1 was designed based on the complete genome of B. cereus strain SIN1.2 with a target amplicon size of 506 bp, primer cehA2 based on the complete genome of B. cereus strain D8_B_47 with a target of 877 bp, and primer cehA3 based on the complete genome of B. cereus strain D5_B_69 with a target of 552 bp. Genomic DNA of B. cereus strain HS06 was isolated and amplified using these four primers. The PCR results showed that the obtained amplification bands did not correspond to the target sizes of the cehA gene. The clearest fragment produced by primer cehA2 was subsequently sequenced. BLAST analysis showed that the sequence obtained was not homologous to the cehA gene but exhibited a higher similarity to the genome of Bacillus tropicus strain PCr-6. Phylogenetic analysis using the Neighbor-Joining method indicated that the putative cehA gene of Bacillus cereus strain HS06 did not exhibit close phylogenetic relatedness to all reference sequences, as evidenced by its position on a separate branch with a relatively long branch length and an evolutionary distance of approximately 0.20, indicating a high level of nucleotide divergence and its incongruence with the reference cehA genes. Based on the PCR results, sequence analysis, and phylogenetic analysis, it can be concluded that the cehA gene was not detected in Bacillus cereus strain HS06.46 PagesSkripsi Sarjan
The Relationship Between Body Mass Index and Skeletal Malocclusion in Adult
No full textThe demand for orthodontic treatment among adult patients has increased in recent years. Among the various risk factors and success factors for orthodontic treatment, dietary patterns related to nutritional status have an impact on the mechanical and cellular response to tooth movement. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the relationship between body mass index and skeletal malocclusion in adult orthodontic patients treated at USU Dental Hospital. This is an analytical study with a cross-sectional design. This study was conducted on 81 samples, with height and weight measurements using Maloklustab to obtain body mass index values. Meanwhile, the maxillary-mandibular relationship values in the sagittal direction were taken from secondary data in the patients' medical records. After analysis using the Chi-Square test and obtaining an expected count < 5 of more than 20%, the p-value was selected based on Fischer's Exact test. The results of this study showed no significant relationship between BMI and the SNA angle (p = 0.213), BMI and the SNB angle (p = 0.397), and BMI and skeletal malocclusion as assessed by the ANB angle (p = 0.510). In conclusion, BMI variation has no significant relationship with skeletal malocclusion. However, further research on BMI and bone remodeling processes in the adult population is needed.Skripsi Sarjan
Characterization of Static Mechanical Properties and Crack Patterns of Concrete Reinforced with Palm Oil Fuel Ash and Fly Ash
No full textThe utilization of Fly Ash and Palm Oil Fuel Ash (POFA) as alternative constituent materials for mortar represents a strategic solution to support sustainable construction concepts. This study aims to analyze the effects of Fly Ash and POFA addition on the physical properties, mechanical properties, crack patterns, and microstructural characteristics of mortar. An experimental design was employed using variations of Fly Ash (0% and 5%) and POFA (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) as cement replacement materials. Testing included slump flow, density, absorption, compressive strength, and splitting tensile strength at 28 days, supplemented by microstructural analysis using Scanning Electron Microscope - Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS). The results indicated that the combination of Fly Ash and POFA significantly enhanced mortar performance. The resulting densities ranged from 2,080.63 kg/m³ (M22) to 2,234.23 kg/m³ (M24). The optimum composition was achieved in the M24 variation (5% Fly Ash + 15% POFA), which yielded a maximum compressive strength of 50.67 MPa and a splitting tensile strength of 6.66 MPa, classifying it as high-strength concrete. Crack pattern analysis showed a transition in failure mechanisms from bond cracks in the control sample to shear cracks in the optimum sample. These findings were validated by microstructural analysis, which revealed a highly dense C-S-H matrix morphology dominated by Silica (≈56.7%) and Calcium (≈29.4%) compounds resulting from the pozzolanic reaction.113 PagesSkripsi Sarjan