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First record of the chewing louse Turdinirmoides vasjukovae (Mey, 2016) (Ischnocera: Philopteridae) from Japan
Get PDFjournal articleThree adult chewing lice were obtained during post-mortem examination of an adult male Long-tailed Rosefinch, Uragus sibiricus, collected in 2018 at Akan International Crane Center, Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan. Morphological measurements and characteristics were used to identify the specimens as Turdinirmoides vasjukovae (Mey, 2016), which are the first of this species to be recorded from Japan.journal articl
Estimation of the Effects of Neonicotinoid Insecticides on Wild Raccoon, Procyon lotor, in Hokkaido, Japan : Urinary Concentrations and Hepatic Metabolic Capability of Neonicotinoids
Get PDFjournal articleToxicological effects of neonicotinoid insecticides (NNIs) have been reported for mammals, such as humans, rats, and mice. However, there are limited reports on their toxic effects on wild mammals. To predict NNI-induced toxic effects on wild mammals, it is necessary to determine the exposure levels and metabolic ability of these species. We considered that raccoons could be an animal model for evaluating NNI-induced toxicities on wildlife because they live near agricultural fields and eat crops treated with NNIs. The objective of the present study was to estimate the effects of NNI exposure on wild raccoons. Urinary concentrations of NNI compounds (n = 59) and cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of NNIs (n = 3) were evaluated in wild raccoons captured in Hokkaido, Japan, in 2020. We detected either one of the six NNIs or one metabolite, including acetamiprid, imidacloprid, clothianidin, dinotefuran, thiacloprid, thiamethoxam, and desmethyl-acetamiprid in 90% of raccoons (53/59); the average cumulative concentration of the seven NNI compounds was 3.1 ng/ml. The urinary concentrations were not much different from those reported previously for humans. Furthermore, we performed an in vitro assessment of the ability of raccoons to metabolize NNIs using hepatic microsomes. The amounts of NNI metabolites were measured using liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry and compared with those in rats. Raccoons showed much lower metabolic ability; the maximum velocity/Michaelis–Menten constant (Vmax/Km) values for raccoons were one-tenth to one-third of those for rats. For the first time, we show that wild raccoons could be frequently exposed to NNIs in the environment, and that the cytochrome P450-dependent metabolism of NNIs in the livers of raccoons might be low. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the effects of NNIs on raccoons, leading to better conservation efforts for wild mammals. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1865–1874. © 2022 The Authors. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC.journal articl
Superficial digital flexor tendon luxation in a golden retriever
Get PDFjournal articleBackground: Luxation of the superficial digital flexor (SDF) tendon involves the dislocation of the tendon from the groove of the calcaneal tuberosity. Although it is common in Shetland sheepdogs and collies presenting with acute, severe, and non-weight-bearing lameness, it is a rare orthopedic disease in Golden Retrievers. Case Description: A 13-month-old neutered male Golden Retriever (32.2 kg) with acute right hind lameness and pain, was diagnosed with SDF luxation based on physiological, radiographic, and ultrasound examinations. The surgical procedure used was capsulorrhaphy of the tarsal joint and fixation with Kirschner wire. Postoperatively, the tarsal joint was stretched and externally fixed to prevent tension. The patient showed good gait without pain after pin removal on postoperative day 88. Conclusion: In clinical practice, the possibility of this condition should be considered in Golden Retrievers presenting with lameness.journal articl
Biological properties of Staphylococcus virus ΦSA012 for phage therapy
Get PDFjournal articleStaphylococcus virus ΦSA012 has a wide host range and efficient lytic activity. Here, we assessed the biological stability of ΦSA012 against temperature, freeze-thawing, and pH to clinically apply the phage. In addition, inoculation of ΦSA012 through i.p. and i.v. injections into mice revealed that phages were reached the limit of detection in serum and accumulated notably spleens without inflammation at 48 h post-inoculation. Furthermore, inoculation of ΦSA012 through s.c. injections in mice significantly induced IgG, which possesses neutralizing activity against ΦSA012 and other Staphylococcus viruses, ΦSA039 and ΦMR003, but not Pseudomonas viruses ΦS12-3 and ΦR18 or Escherichia viruses T1, T4, and T7 in vitro. Immunoelectron microscopic analysis showed that purified anti-phage IgG recognizes the long-tail fiber of staphylococcus viruses. Although S. aureus inoculation resulted in a 25% survival rate in a mouse i.p. model, ΦSA012 inoculation (i.p.) improved the survival rate to 75%; however, the survival rate of ΦSA012-immunized mice decreased to less than non-immunized mice with phage i.v. injection at a MOI of 100. These results indicated that ΦSA012 possesses promise for use against staphylococcal infections but we should carefully address the appropriate dose and periods of phage administration. Our findings facilitate understandings of staphylococcus viruses for phage therapy.journal articl
Relationship between Health Literacy, Food Group Consumption, and Nutritional Intake among Japanese Community Residents
Get PDFjournal article【目的】本研究の目的は，地域住民におけるヘルスリテラシーと食品群別摂取量及び栄養素等摂取量の関連を明らかにすることである。【方法】研究の参加者は，2018年7～8月に北海道江別市在住の20～74歳の成人である。ヘルスリテラシーは相互作用的・批判的ヘルスリテラシー尺度を用いた。食品群別摂取量及び栄養素等摂取量は，妥当性が確認された簡易型食事歴質問票（BDHQ）を用いて評価した。研究の対象として合計1,607名（男性708名，女性899名）が選ばれた。参加者はヘルスリテラシースコアに基づいて四分位群に分類した。ヘルスリテラシーと食品群別摂取量及び栄養素等摂取量との関連は，共分散分析（ANCOVA）によって確認した。【結果】ヘルスリテラシーの高い参加者は，低い参加者に比べて，その他の野菜類摂取量が高く，Na／K比が低い傾向がみられた。加えて，男性では，ヘルスリテラシーが高い者は低い者に比べて総エネルギーと銅の摂取量が高かった。女性では，ヘルスリテラシーが高い者は低い者に比べて緑黄色野菜類，嗜好飲料類，カリウム，カルシウム，マグネシウム，鉄，亜鉛，ビタミンB1，ビタミンB2，ナイアシン，ビタミンB6，葉酸，ビタミンCの摂取量が高かった。【結論】ヘルスリテラシーの高さは，野菜類や複数の栄養素等摂取量と関連があることが示された。地域住民のヘルスリテラシーを向上させることは，野菜類摂取量の増加につながる可能性が示された。Objective: This study aimed to clarify the relationship between health literacy, food group consumption, and nutritional intake among community-dwelling adults in Japan. Methods: Study participants were community-dwelling adults aged 20–74 years, recruited from July to August 2018 in Ebetsu city, Hokkaido, Japan. The Communicative and Critical Health Literacy scale was used to obtain data on health literacy. Food group consumption and nutritional intake were assessed using a validated brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire. A total of 1,607 participants (708 men and 899 women) were eligible to participate. Participants were classified into quartiles based on their health literacy scores. The relationship between health literacy, food group consumption, and nutritional intake was examined by analysis of covariance. Results: Participants with high health literacy scores had a higher intake of vegetables other than green and yellow ones and a lower Na/K ratio than those with a low score. Male participants with high health literacy scores had higher total energy and copper intake than those with a low score. Female participants with high health literacy scores had higher intakes of green and yellow vegetables, beverages, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, vitamins (B1, B2, B6, and C), niacin, and folate than those with a low score. Conclusions: We concluded that a high health literacy score is associated with a high intake of vegetables and other nutrients. Improving health literacy among community-dwelling adults may be beneficial for increasing vegetable intake.journal articl
