CLOVER Collected Literature in Organized and Valuable Repository
Not a member yet
8005 research outputs found
Sort by
Measuring impact of vaccination among wildlife : The case of bait vaccine campaigns for classical swine fever epidemic among wild boar in Japan
Get PDFjournal articleUnderstanding the impact of vaccination in a host population is essential to control infectious diseases. However, the impact of bait vaccination against wildlife diseases is difficult to evaluate. The vaccination history of host animals is generally not observable in wildlife, and it is difficult to distinguish immunity by vaccination from that caused by disease infection. For these reasons, the impact of bait vaccination against classical swine fever (CSF) in wild boar inhabiting Japan has not been evaluated accurately. In this study, we aimed to estimate the impact of the bait vaccination campaign by modelling the dynamics of CSF and the vaccination process among a Japanese wild boar population. The model was designed to estimate the impact of bait vaccination despite lack of data regarding the demography and movement of wild boar. Using our model, we solved the theoretical relationship between the impact of vaccination, the time-series change in the proportion of infected wild boar, and that of immunised wild boar. Using this derived relationship, the increase in antibody prevalence against CSF because of vaccine campaigns in 2019 was estimated to be 12.1 percentage points (95% confidence interval: 7.8–16.5). Referring to previous reports on the basic reproduction number (R0) of CSF in wild boar living outside Japan, the amount of vaccine distribution required for CSF elimination by reducing the effective reproduction number under unity was also estimated. An approximate 1.6 (when R0 = 1.5, target vaccination coverage is 33.3% of total population) to 2.9 (when R0 = 2.5, target vaccination coverage is 60.0% of total population) times larger amount of vaccine distribution would be required than the total amount of vaccine distribution in four vaccination campaigns in 2019.journal articl
Exploration of serum biomarkers in dogs with malignant melanoma receiving anti-PD-L1 therapy and potential of COX-2 inhibition for combination therapy
Get PDFjournal articleImmune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as anti-PD-L1 antibodies are widely used to treat human cancers, and growing evidence suggests that ICIs are promising treatments for canine malignancies. However, only some canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM) cases respond to ICIs. To explore biomarkers predictive of survival in dogs with pulmonary metastatic OMM receiving the anti-PD-L1 antibody c4G12 (n = 27), serum concentrations of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cytokines, chemokines, and growth factors were measured prior to treatment initiation. Among 12 factors tested, PGE2, interleukin (IL)-12p40, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and stem cell factor (SCF) were higher in OMM dogs compared to healthy dogs (n = 8). Further, lower baseline serum PGE2, MCP-1, and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A concentrations as well as higher IL-2, IL-12, and SCF concentrations predicted prolonged overall survival. These observations suggest that PGE2 confers resistance against anti-PD-L1 therapy through immunosuppression and thus is a candidate target for combination therapy. Indeed, PGE2 suppressed IL-2 and interferon (IFN)-γ production by stimulated canine peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), while inhibition of PGE2 biosynthesis using the COX-2 inhibitor meloxicam in combination with c4G12 enhanced Th1 cytokine production by PBMCs. Thus, serum PGE2 may be predictive of c4G12 treatment response, and concomitant use of COX-2 inhibitors may enhance ICI antitumor efficacy.journal articl
加速度計を用いた人工哺乳子牛における吸乳行動の測定
Get PDFjournal articleA wireless accelerometer is a useful device for developing an activity record of calves. The objective of this study was to test the wireless accelerometer for measuring the frequency of sucking in dairy calves. Four calves were reared in individual pens. The sucking duration and the number of sucking movements were determined from individual video data. The accelerometer was attached on the collar placed around the neck. A spectral analysis was used for estimating the frequency of sucking movement. Average duration of sucking was 219 seconds, the number of sucking movements was 473, and observed sucking frequency was 2.2 Hz. The average of estimated sucking frequency was 2.4 Hz. In 70% of cases, the difference between the observed and estimated was under 10%. The frequency of sucking movements correctly measured by an accelerometer. The duration of sucking and number of sucking movements decreased, and the frequency of sucking movement increased with days of age, but changes were very small in the frequency of sucking movement. The frequency of sucking milk of calves should be measured and characterized automatically by sensors with an accelerometer.無線式加速度計が、子牛の動作を記録する機器の開発に利用されている。本研究では、無線式加速度計を用いて子牛の吸乳行動記録に利用し、子牛の吸乳行動の特徴を検討した。4 頭のホルスタイン種子牛を単飼した。子牛の吸乳時間と吸乳回数は、ビデオ記録から求めた。加速度計を首輪に装着し、得られたデータから、最大エントロピー法を用いて吸乳頻度を推定した。推定平均吸乳時間は219 秒であり、平均回数は473 回であった。観察された吸乳頻度は2.2Hz（回/ 秒）であった。主に上下の動作を含む方向での加速度変化から、吸乳頻度が推定でき、推定された吸乳頻度は2.4Hz であった。用いたデータ期間は、平均80 秒で、これは全吸乳時間の38.9％であった。全体の70％で、実測値と推定値の差が10％以内であり、加速度計で吸乳頻度が推定できることが示された。吸乳時間や吸乳回数は日齢とともに大きく変化するが、吸乳頻度の増加はわずかであった。journal articl
