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Molecular Identification and Dissection of Novel Recessive Resistance Genes against Plant Viruses
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Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 2 in the Ventromedial Hypothalamus Modifies Blood Glucose Levels by Controlling Sympathetic Nervous Activation
Get PDFjournal articleUbiquitin-specific protease 2 (USP2) participates in glucose metabolism in peripheral tissues such as the liver and skeletal muscles. However, the glucoregulatory role of USP2 in the CNS is not well known. In this study, we focus on USP2 in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), which has dominant control over systemic glucose homeostasis. ISH, using a Usp2-specific probe, showed that Usp2 mRNA is present in VMH neurons, as well as other glucoregulatory nuclei, in the hypothalamus of male mice. Administration of a USP2-selective inhibitor ML364 (20 ng/head), into the VMH elicited a rapid increase in the circulating glucose level in male mice, suggesting USP2 has a suppressive role on glucose mobilization. ML364 treatment also increased serum norepinephrine concentration, whereas it negligibly affected serum levels of insulin and corticosterone. ML364 perturbated mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in neural SH-SY5Y cells and subsequently promoted the phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Consistent with these findings, hypothalamic ML364 treatment stimulated AMPKα phosphorylation in the VMH. Inhibition of hypothalamic AMPK prevented ML364 from increasing serum norepinephrine and blood glucose. Removal of ROS restored the ML364-evoked mitochondrial dysfunction in SH-SY5Y cells and impeded the ML364-induced hypothalamic AMPKα phosphorylation as well as prevented the elevation of serum norepinephrine and blood glucose levels in male mice. These results indicate hypothalamic USP2 attenuates perturbations in blood glucose levels by modifying the ROS–AMPK–sympathetic nerve axis.journal articl
Mid-to-caudal partial hemipelvectomy with limb preservation for ischial tumor in a dog
Get PDFjournal articleA 10-year-old spayed female Golden Retriever was referred for hindlimb lameness. A firm mass was palpated over the right caudal pelvis. Computed tomography revealed an osteolytic bone region and an associated periosteal reaction in the ischium, including the acetabulum. The histological diagnosis was sarcoma of unknown origin. A mid-to-caudal partial hemipelvectomy was performed to remove the mass. Femoral head and neck osteotomy was performed to allow hindlimb preservation. Following surgery, the dog regained satisfactory hindlimb use over time and was alive for 821 days with no recurrence or metastatic disease. This report indicates that mid-to-caudal partial hemipelvectomy with femoral head and neck osteotomy is technically feasible and allows for tumor control with preservation of the hindlimb and its function.journal articl
Quality characteristics of fermented meat products containing probiotic lactic acid bacteria
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Cryptosporidium sp. Mrb001 detected from Myodes rufocanus bedfordiae, an indigenous vole of Hokkaido, Japan
Get PDFBulletinCryptosporidium oocysts were detected from five of 111 grey red-backed voles (Myodes rufocanus bedfordiae) in a forestry area of Hokkaido, which is the northernmost island of Japan and is zoogeographically distinct from the mainland. The number of oocysts per gram of faeces from each vole ranged from 1. 5×106 to 1. 8×108. A partial sequence of small subunit 18S rDNA (SSU rDNA) obtained in this study was registered as Cryptosporidium sp. Mrb001 (GenBank accession no. AB477098) and had the highest similarity to Cryptosporidium sp. 05. 1513.Rb (GenBank accession no. HM015880.1), which originated from drinking water in the United Kingdom (98. 5%). Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that Cryptosporidium sp. Mrb001 clustered with several waterborne Cryptosporidium isolates and other Cryptosporidium spp. that originated from voles that inhabit wetlands in Hokkaido. We provided information about this cryptosporidial parasite isolated from Myodes vole.departmental bulletin pape
霧多布湿原周辺のエゾシカによる昆布干場周辺での行動と出没状況
Get PDFBulletinIn the Kiritappu wetlands of Hmanaka Town, sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) have been observed in kelp drying grounds and caused damage due to dung deposition. Therefore, countermeasures are required, but they cannot be implemented due to a lack of basic information on this species. In this study, we instigated camera traps, spotlight counts, and fixed-point and direct observations to clarify deer behaviors in urban areas or kelp drying grounds. Many deer were observed in urban areas between November and December, and between sunset and sunrise in kelp drying grounds. Similarly, deer numbers were lager in areas where electric fences were absent. Their behaviors in urban areas mainly involved “walking” in kelp drying grounds. Whereas the result “feeding” in the unimproved land. It was hypothesized that deer appearance increased in urban areas during the breeding and winter seasons. Also, deer were commonly seen from around sunset to sunrise, walking or feeding in urban areas. Electric fences are often effective measures against deer entry, but cannot completely block or prevent deer access as roads border these fences. In future research, it is important to investigate sika deer intrusion routes and patterns in areas where electric fences are breached.departmental bulletin pape
Northernmost record of the snake-eel Ophichthus zophistius (Teleostei: Anguilliformes: Ophichthidae) from Mutsu Bay, Aomori Prefecture, northern Japan
Get PDFArticleThree adult chewing lice were obtained during post-mortem examination of an adult male Long-tailed Rosefinch, Uragus sibiricus, collected in 2018 at Akan International Crane Center, Kushiro, Hokkaido, Japan. Morphological measurements and characteristics were used to identify the specimens as Turdinirmoides vasjukovae (Mey, 2016), which are the first of this species to be recorded from Japan.journal articl
頂点捕食者が存在する生態系から見る北海道へオオカミ再導入の可能性
Get PDFBulletinOn northern Japanʼs Hokkaido Island, wolves (Canis lupus) have been extinct for 100 years. As a result, the sika deer (Cervus nippon) population has increased in recent years, causing damage to agriculture and to the forestry and fisheries industries and leading to an increase in train and automobile traffic accidents. On the other hand, wolves live in Mongolia where stock-farming is the main livelihood. Yet nomadic livestock herders have coexisted with wolves for centuries. The main reason for this successful coexistence in the Mongolian steppes can be attributed to the nomadsʼ understanding of wolf ecology. This understanding has led to the development of ways for humans and apex predators to interact with one another in this ecosystem. We also discovered that livestock damage caused by wolves in Mongolia is minimal because there is sufficient prey (e.g., red deer) and because the wolves and their prey do not live in proximity to humans. We note there has never been a documented attack by a wolf on a human in Mongolia. Our investigation of the habitat of wolves in Hustai National Park (HNP) in Mongolia gave us a base of information to assess the challenges that might occur if wolves are reintroduced into Hokkaido. Based on our habitat assessment of the island, we were able to estimate the carrying capacity of wolves on Hokkaido. We concluded that Hokkaido Island can successfully support approximately 1300 wolves with a prey base of up to 100,000 sika deer.departmental bulletin pape