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Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging findings in dogs with vaginal leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma
Get PDFjournal article[Background] In humans, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is preferred over computed tomography (CT) for the assessment of pelvic lesions. Although CT findings of several pelvic tumours have been reported in veterinary medicine, MRI findings are limited. [Objectives] The purpose of this study was to retrospectively compare the CT and MRI findings in dogs with vaginal leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. [Methods] This retrospective study of five dogs compared the CT and MRI findings of intrapelvic lesions, including vaginal leiomyoma (n = 4) and leiomyosarcoma (n = 1). No invasion of the surrounding tissue was detected on histopathological examination. In this retrospective study, the following parameters of CT and MRI were recorded for each dog: the border between the lesion and the adjacent pelvic organs, including the prostate, rectum or urethra; signal intensity (SI) of the lesion; enhancement pattern; presence of haemorrhage; necrosis or cystic areas and lymphadenopathy. Because SI on MRI is affected by cell density, tumour cell density was analysed using a microscope slide. [Results] In vaginal leiomyoma, the border between the lesion and the surrounding pelvic organ tends to be clearer on MRI than on CT. In vaginal leiomyosarcoma, the border was comparable between MRI and CT. Each lesion showed heterogeneous enhancement on CT and MRI scans. In each lesion, the assessment of haemorrhage, necrosis, cystic areas and lymphadenopathy was comparable between MRI and CT. The SI of the lesion on T2WI of the vaginal leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma were hyperintense in four cases (4/4; 100%) and mixed intense in one case (1/1; 100%), respectively. The cell density of leiomyosarcoma is higher than that of leiomyomas. [Conclusions] The SI on T2WI may be useful for differentiating leiomyoma from leiomyosarcoma. MRI may be useful to differentiate vaginal leiomyomas from leiomyosarcomas and evaluate margins.journal articl
Conventional Gel Electrophoresis-Resolvable Insertion/Deletion Markers for Individual Identification and Analysis of Population Genetics in Red-Crowned Cranes in Eastern Hokkaido, Japan
Get PDFjournal articleRed-crowned crane Grus japonensis is an endangered species in two separate populations: the mainland population in the Eurasian continent and the island population in eastern Hokkaido, Japan. We found 11 insertion/deletion (InDel) markers in the genome of the red-crowned crane and designed primer sets across these InDels that can be analyzed with conventional agarose gel electrophoresis. Sixty-six samples of whole blood and skeletal muscle obtained from red-crowned cranes, including 12 families in eastern Hokkaido from 1994 to 2021, showed different patterns in gel images of 11 InDel PCR reactions except for two pairs. The combined non-exclusion probability of the 11 markers indicates that individuals can be determined with a probability of 99.9%. In 39 non-relative chicks, the expected heterozygosity (He) was 0.316, suggesting low genetic diversity. This might not be caused by high levels of inbreeding since the average FIS was not significantly different from zero (0.095, p = 0.075). The results suggest that the 11 InDel primer sets can be used for fairly accurate individual identification as well as genetic population analyses in red-crowned cranes in the island population.journal articl
Evaluation of Renal Blood Flow in Dogs during Short-Term Human-Dose Epoprostenol Administration Using Pulsed Doppler and Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography
Get PDFjournal articleProstacyclin is an in vivo bioactive substance that regulates renal blood flow (RBF). Information regarding how epoprostenol, a prostacyclin preparation, affects RBF in dogs is lacking. We investigated the effects of short-term epoprostenol administration on RBF in six healthy dogs under anesthesia by administering it intravenously at human doses—2, 5, and 10 ng/kg/min for 20 min. RBF was evaluated before and during epoprostenol administration using pulsed Doppler ultrasonography, and renal perfusion was evaluated using contrast-enhanced ultrasonography. Effects on renal and systemic circulation were evaluated by measuring systolic arterial, mean arterial, diastolic arterial, pulmonary arterial, mean right atrial, and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures; heart rate; and cardiac output. Kruskal–Wallis and Bonferroni multiple comparison tests and Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient were used for statistical analyses. As epoprostenol dosage increased, the peak systolic and end diastolic velocity of the renal artery, maximum and minimum venous flow velocities of the interlobular and renal veins, and heart rate all tended to increase, although not significantly. Our results indicate that human-dose epoprostenol administration in dogs does not cause significant changes in renal or systemic circulation. However, the human doses used may have been too low to produce a clinical effect in dogs.journal articl
Maximum volume of nasal administration using a mucosal atomization device without aspiration in Japanese White rabbits
Get PDFjournal articleRecently, a mucosal atomization device (MAD) has been applied in veterinary medicine. In the present study, the maximum volume of nasal atomization without aspiration using MAD was examined in eight healthy female Japanese White (JW) rabbits. Each rabbit had their head and neck examined by computed tomography before and after nasal atomization with four different doses (0.15, 0.3, 0.45, and 0.6 ml per nostril) of diluted contrast medium (1:2 mixture of iohexol and saline). This was done under general anesthesia by an intramuscular administration of alfaxalone 2.5 mg/kg, medetomidine 40 μg/kg, and butorphanol 0.4 mg/kg, with a 7-day washout period between each treatment. The diluted contrast medium was distributed in the nasal cavity, external nares, and/or oral cavity in all rabbits receiving each treatment. The intranasal distribution volumes of the contrast medium were 287 (250–333) mm3 [median (interquartile range)] for 0.15 ml, 433 (243–555) mm3 for 0.3 ml, 552 (356–797) mm3 for 0.45 ml, and 529 (356–722) mm3 for 0.6 ml of treatment. The intranasal distribution volume for 0.15 ml treatment tended to be lower than that for 0.6 ml treatment (P=0.083). The contrast medium was deposited in the trachea in one rabbit (12.5%) and four rabbits (50%) receiving treatments of 0.45 and 0.6 ml per nostril, respectively. The maximum volume of nasal atomization without aspiration into the trachea was 0.3 ml per nostril for the JW rabbits.journal articl
Identification of domestic cat hepadnavirus from a cat blood sample in Japan
Get PDFjournal articleThe hepatitis B virus (Hepadnaviridae) induces chronic hepatitis and hepatic cancer in humans. A novel domestic cat hepadnavirus (DCH) was recently identified in several countries, however, the DCH infection status of cats in Japan is unknown. Therefore, we investigated the DCH infection rate of 139 cat samples collected in Japan. We identified one positive blood sample (0.78%) from a 17-year-old female cat with chronically elevated alanine aminotransferase. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that the DCH strain identified in this study is genetically different from strains in other countries. Further investigations are required to elucidate the evolution of DCH and the impact of DCH infection on hepatic diseases in domestic cats.journal articl
Effects of Freeze-Thawing and Dehydration of High-Moisture Unutilized Raw Materials on Water Removal, Nutrient Values and Dry Matter and Crude Protein Digestibility Using an In Vitro Method in Pig
Get PDFjournal article高水分未利用原料に対する乾燥前の凍結解凍・脱水処理が，原料からの水分除去と乾燥後原料の栄養成分，人工消化試験によるブタの乾物および粗タンパク質消化率に及ぼす影響について検討した。本研究には原料として出荷時に切り落とされる生アスパラガスの茎部（アスパラ），規格外ジャガイモ（ジャガイモ）および廃棄された豆腐（豆腐）を供試した。処理区は，原料をそのまま活用した無処理区，乾燥前に原料を脱水機で脱水した脱水区，凍結後に解凍した凍結区，凍結解凍後に脱水処理を施した凍脱区とした。上記処理後のアスパラでは，無処理区と脱水区に比べて，凍結区，凍脱区の順に水分含量は減少し（P<0.05），水分除去率は増加した（P<0.05）。ジャガイモと豆腐の水分含量は無処理区，脱水区，凍結区，凍脱区の順に減少し（P<0.05），水分除去率は増加した（P<0.05）。これら処理原料の乾燥終了までの所要時間は無処理区と脱水区に比べ凍結区と凍脱区は約1/2に短縮された（P<0.05）。栄養成分含量は，アスパラとジャガイモの粗タンパク質と粗灰分が無処理区に比べ凍結区と凍脱区で減少し（P<0.05），炭水化物は増加した（P<0.05）。粗脂肪は，アスパラでは無処理区に比べ凍結区と凍脱区が増加し（P<0.05），逆にジャガイモは減少した（P<0.05）。豆腐は各区の栄養成分含量に有意な差はみられなかった。人工消化試験による各区乾燥後原料の粗タンパク質消化率および豆腐の乾物消化率は各区間に有意な差はみられなかったが，アスパラとジャガイモの乾物消化率では無処理区と脱水区に比べ凍結区と凍脱区で減少した（P<0.05）。以上の結果から凍結解凍およびその後の脱水処理は高水分原料から効率的に水分を除去でき，乾燥所要時間短縮を図れることが確認できたが，凍結解凍後の脱水処理は，原料中の水溶性栄養成分の溶出を促進させることが考えられた。The effect of freeze-thawing and dehydration on water removal and nutrient changes in high-moisture unutilized raw materials and digestibility were investigated using artificial digestion experiments. In this study, the cut lower portions of asparagus stalks, non-standard potatoes and waste tofu were used as typical unutilized raw materials with a high water content. Four treatments were studied: a control treatment - using the raw materials as received; a dehydration treatment - using a dehydrator; a freeze-thawing treatment - thawing after freezing; and a freeze-thawing dehydration treatment - dehydrating after freezing and thawing. For asparagus, the moisture content and rate of moisture removal after the control (raw materials) and dehydration treatments were not significantly different, but after the freeze-thawing and freeze-thawing dehydration treatments, the moisture content was lower and the rate of moisture removal was higher compared with the control (raw materials) and dehydration treatments. In contrast, the moisture content of the potato and tofu was lowest after the freeze-thawing dehydration treatment, followed in increasing order by the freeze-thawing, dehydration and control (raw materials) treatments, with the rate of moisture removal from highest to lowest being in reverse order. The times required for drying in the freeze-thawing and freeze-thawing dehydration treatments were approximately half those required for the control (raw materials) and dehydration treatments. The contents of crude protein and crude ash in the asparagus and potato decreased in the order of control (raw materials), dehydration, freeze-thawing and freeze-thawing dehydration treatments, with the contents of carbohydrate increasing in both asparagus and potato. The crude fat content of asparagus increased in the order of the control (raw materials), dehydration, freeze-thawing and freeze-thawing dehydration treatments, and decreased in potato. There was no difference in the nutrient contents of tofu between the four treatments. There was no difference in digestibility of crude protein measured by the artificial digestion experiments between asparagus, potato and tofu. The dry matter digestibility of asparagus and potato after the freeze-thawing and freeze-thawing dehydration treatments was lower than that after the control (raw materials) and dehydration treatments. The dry matter digestibility of asparagus and potato after the freeze-thawing and freeze-thawing dehydration treatments was lower than that after the control (raw materials) and dehydration treatments, but there was no difference in tofu between the four treatments. These results suggest that freeze-thawing or freeze-thawing dehydration treatments effectively removed water from the raw materials thus shortening their drying times, although these treatments affected the nutrient content and dry matter digestibility.journal articl
An iterative method for deregressed proof in single-step genomic BLUP and its application to a dairy cattle population
Get PDFjournal articleThe objective of this study was to describe an iterative algorithm to deregress genomically-enhanced breeding values (GEBV) in single-step genomic BLUP (ssGBLUP). The method is an extension of the previous work by the first two authors, who gave a deregression method in singe-step SNP BLUP. The inverse of the unified relationship matrix (H-1), which is a function of the inverse of genomic relationship matrix (G-1) and the inverse of the additive relationship matrix (A-1), was considered in the deregression method. Effective daughter contribution (ERC) for bulls or effective record contribution (ERC), which are functions of reliability of GEBV, should be used as weights on deregressed proof. The deregression algorithm consists of a series of matrix-vector multiplications, and the number of iterations is expected to be limited. The computational cost of this approach was discussed. Further research is needed to confirm the ‘reversibility’ of deregressed GEBV.journal articl
Paleotsunami history of Hachinohe, northern Japan : a multiproxy analysis and numerical modeling approach
Get PDFjournal articlePaleotsunami studies along the Pacific coast of Tohoku, northern Japan, have been considerably developed recently, particularly after the massive impact of the 2011 Tohoku-oki tsunami. Nevertheless, in the southernmost Shimokita Peninsula, studies pertaining to paleotsunami are underdeveloped, leading to a vague understanding of the tsunamigenic sources northward of the Tohoku region, along with incomplete hazard evaluation. Paleotsunami deposits in Shimokita can be related not only to the Japan Trench along the Sanriku coast but also to the Kuril trench along the Pacific coast of Hokkaido. In this study, we unveiled the paleotsunami history of Hachinohe in northern Tohoku. Using a combination of sedimentological, geochemical, paleontological, and mineralogical proxies, we characterized seven sand layers that dated from ca. 2700 to ca. 5500 yr BP based on radiocarbon (14C) ages as event deposits of marine origin. Sedimentological and paleontological evidence coupled with ground-penetrating radar imagery revealed a marsh environment comprising successive extinct ponds, controlling the depositional environment. Numerical modeling ruled out the possibility of storms as genetic sources, leading to the conclusion that the presence of event deposits with marine sediments in the study area would be associated with tsunami inundation episodes. Based on 14C dating, the mean frequency of recurrence of tsunamis is estimated as 384 years (320–450 yr, 95% confidence interval) and a coefficient of variation of 0.78 (0.68–0.99, 95% confidence interval). The previously recorded limited paleotsunami evidence and absence of an estimated recurrence interval in the Shimokita Peninsula reaffirm the importance of Hachinohe as a tsunami record site for the activity of both trenches.journal articl
Comparison of the alkalizing abilities between 1.35% sodium bicarbonate solutions with and without dextrose in healthy calves
Get PDFjournal articleThe present study aimed to clarify the alkalizing ability of 1.35% isotonic sodium bicarbonate solution (ISBS), which did not contain dextrose, compared with that of 1.35% isotonic bicarbonate sodium solution containing 4.03% dextrose (ISBD) in healthy calves. The calves were intravenously administered with 20.7 mL/kg of the solutions for 30 min as the volume required to correct base deficit of 10 mM. ISBS increased the blood pH, HCO3−, and base excess from 7.44 ± 0.02, 29.6 ± 1.9 mM, and 5.3 ± 2.1 mM to 7.49 ± 0.02, 36.9 ± 2.3 mM, and 13.5 ± 2.6 mM respectively (P<0.05). These factors for the ISBD group increased from 7.41 ± 0.02, 29.0 ± 1.1 mM, and 4.5 ± 1.3 mM to 7.43 ± 0.02, 33.5 ± 1.9 mM, and 9.5 ± 1.7 mM (P<0.05), respectively. Furthermore, in the ISBD group, the relative plasma volume and blood glucose level increased while the K+ level decreased, which did not occur in the ISBS group. Therefore, the results revealed that ISBS had better alkalizing ability in calves than ISBD.journal articl
Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy induced tumor cell death enhances tumor dendritic cell migration
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