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Effects of Dystocia on the Cardiac Biomarker Troponin I, Acid-Base Balance and Blood Gases Alongside the Hematobiochemical Profiles in Female Dromedary Camels
Get PDFjournal articleThis experiment was aimed to document the effect of dystocia in female camels on acid-base elements and blood gas parameters alongside the hemato-biochemical profiles compared to those with eutocia. Eighteen dystotic female dromedary camels were examined. Animals were received within 24, 48, 72, and >72h of birth. Signs included depression, anorexia, distress, colic, straining, and exhaustion. Ten eutocic females were used as controls. Compared to a mean value of 7.37±0.01in the control group, the blood pH in dystotic females was 7.32±0.13. The PO2 was lower in dystotic females than in controls (61±58mmHg/L versus 183±15mmHg/L). The BE was also lower in dystotic females than controls (-8.8±6.0mmol/L versus -3.7±1.2mmol/L). The HCO3 was lower in dystotic females than the controls (18±5mmol/L versus 21.4±1.5 mmol/L). The TCO2 was also lower in dystotic females than in controls (19±5.0mmol/L versus 22.6±1.7mmol/L). The SO2 decreased significantly in dystotic females than in controls. The PCO2 and lactate concentrations did not change in a significant manner between the 2 groups. It is concluded that female camels with dystocia have metabolic acidosis compared to those with normal parturition. Changes in blood gases were remarkable that included significant decreases in PO2, TCO2, and SO2 values when compared to eutocic camels.journal articl
Mechanism of skeletal muscle atrophy by muscle fiber types in male rats under long-term fasting stress
Get PDFjournal articleFasting induces metabolic changes in muscles, which are differentiated by muscle fiber type. In this study, the mechanism of fasting-induced muscle atrophy in rats was examined to determine the differences between muscle fiber types in energy production. Fasting for 96 h did not alter the weight of the soleus (SOL), a fiber type I muscle, but did significantly reduce the weight of gastrocnemius (GM), a fiber type II muscle. GM, SOL and blood pregnenolone and testosterone levels decreased under fasting, which induced energy deprivation, whereas corticosterone (CORT) levels significantly increased. However, the expression of 3β-HSD and P45011β in GM was unaffected by fasting. The decrease in GM weight may be due to decreased levels of testosterone and reduced synthesis of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). Significant increases in CORT both GM and SOL were associated with increases in the amount of branched-chain amino acids available for energy production. However, decreased levels of mTOR and IGF1 and increased levels of CORT and IL-6 in SOL suggest that GM proteolysis was followed by SOL proteolysis for additional energy production. In conclusion, IGF1 levels decreased significantly in SOL, whereas those of IL-6 significantly increased in SOL and blood but decreased in GM. Blood branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) levels were unaffected due to fasting, whereas an increase was noted in the levels of BCAA in GM and SOL. These results show that fasting for 96 h restricts energy supply, producing fast-twitch muscle atrophy followed by slow-twitch muscle atrophy.journal articl
Ultrasonographic verification of hepatic hydatidosis in a female dromedary camel : a case report
Get PDFjournal articleThis report describes for the first time, the antemortem diagnosis of hydatidosis in dromedary camel based on the WHO informal working groups on echinococcosis guidelines of echinococcosis classification. The case was admitted at the University Veterinary Hospital, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia, with a history of progressive weight loss and decreased appetite for the past 4 months. Alterations in hematobiochemical parameters included leukopenia, neutropenia, decreased hematocrit percent, red blood cells count and hemoglobin concentration, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, hyperglobulinemia, hyperglycemia and azotemia. Ultrasonographically, multiple cysts were imaged within the hepatic tissue containing anechoic fluid and fibrin tags. Ultrasound-guided aspiration of a cyst revealed a clear non-turbid fluid. Ultrasonographic diagnostic is recommended for the work-up of cystic lesions of camel liver suspected to be due to Echinococcus granulosus.journal articl
Oviduct Histopathology of Internal Laying and Egg-Bound Syndrome in Laying Hens
Get PDFjournal articleIn the egg industry, common reproductive disorders, such as internal laying and egg-bound syndrome, not only reduce egg productivity but also cause deaths in severe cases. In this study, we focused on the oviduct histology of the pathogenesis of internal laying and egg-bound syndrome. We divided the aged laying hens into four groups according to the observation of the abdominal cavity and oviductal lumen: healthy, internal laying, egg-bound, and intercurrent. The percentages of healthy, internal laying, egg-bound, and intercurrent groups were 55%, 17.5%, 15%, and 12.5%, respectively. In all parts of the oviduct (i.e., infundibulum, magnum, isthmus, and uterus), the oviductal epithelium was composed of ciliated epithelial cells and secretory cells. The epithelial region lacking cilia was larger in the entire oviduct of the internal laying, and intercurrent groups than in the healthy group. In the internal laying, egg-bound, and intercurrent groups, significant T-cell infiltration was observed in the lamina propria of the entire oviduct. The morphological alteration of ciliated epithelial cells in the oviducts caused by inflammation may be the underlying cause of the pathogenesis of internal laying and egg-bound syndrome.journal articl
In vivo evaluation of holocellulose and cellulose isolated from kumaizasa (Sasa senanensis) powder on bowel movements in rats
Get PDFjournal articleBackground: Kumaizasa (Sasa senanensis Rehder) is a representative natural plant growing in Hokkaido, Japan, and has a history of being used in herbal medicine and as a health food option. Nishihira et. al. (2019) confirmed in a clinical trial that the kumaizasa dry powder had the effect of improving bowel movements of healthy volunteers. In this study, we evaluated the effect of the components of kumaizasa powder, like holocellulose (hemicellulose + cellulose) and cellulose, involved in the bowel movement of rats and tried to elucidate the role of each component. Methods: Male rats (Slc:SD, weight 79~93 g) were administered kumaizasa powder (3000 mg/kg/day) orally, holocellulose (1500 mg/kg/day), cellulose (900mg /kg/day) or water using a stomach tube twice a day for 14 days. Results: Among the intervention groups (kumaizasa powder, holocellulose, cellulose group) and control group (water), no significant differences were observed with changes in body weight and food consumption. All the feces were normal, with one exception of watery feces on day 2 in the cellulose group. Multigroup comparison by the Tukey-Kramer method showed that the dry weight of feces collected at day 14 in the kumaizasa powder group significantly increased as compared with that of the control group (p<0.01). This result confirmed that kumaizasa powder had the effect of increasing fecal amount. A paired t-test between each kumaizasa group and control group indicated that the cellulose increased the fecal dry weights and moisture content in feces, while the kumaizasa powder and the holocellulose increased only fecal dry weights. Conclusion: It is shown that the holocellulose and cellulose of kumaizasa powder have the effect of increasing the bowel movement of rats by oral administration. It is also suggested that the cellulose increases the moisture content in the feces by swelling, while hemicellulose in the holocellulose acts as a prebiotic to regulate the moisture content in feces.journal articl
Acute effects of different rest period durations after warm-up and dynamic stretching on endurance running performance in male runners
Get PDFjournal article[Purpose] The purpose of the present study was to compare the acute effects of different rest period durations after general warm-up (GWU) and dynamic stretching (DS) on endurance running performance. [Methods] Eight male runners performed endurance running performance tests after three types of intervention. The interventions were as follows: (1) GWU + 5 min Rest, (2) GWU + DS + 5 min Rest, and (3) GWU + DS + 10 min Rest. The GWU consisted of running exercises on a treadmill at a velocity equivalent to 70% of maximum oxygen uptake (V̇O2max) for 15 min. The DS consisted of performing 10 repetitions as quickly as possible for the five muscle groups of the lower extremities. Endurance running performance was measured by time to exhaustion (TTE) during running on the treadmill at a velocity equivalent to 90% V̇O2max. [Results] TTE (884.5 ± 244.9 s) after GWU + DS + 10 min Rest intervention was significantly (p < 0.05) longer than that (719.8 ± 227.9 s) after GWU + 5 min Rest. TTE (734.5 ± 274.2 s) after GWU + DS + 5 min Rest intervention was not significantly different than that of the other two interventions. [Conclusion] The results demonstrated that the endurance running performance at the velocity equivalent to 90% V̇O2max was enhanced by GWU + DS + 10 min Rest, but not GWU + DS + 5 min Rest. We recommend that runners rest for approximately 10 min after GWU + DS to enhance endurance running performance.journal articl
アカエゾマツ精油の蚊に対する忌避効果
Get PDFjournal article北海道に多く自生するアカエゾマツ(Sakhalin spruce; Picea glehnii)から抽出した精油(エッセンシャルオイル)を用いて、蚊に対する忌避効果の検証を行った。ヒトスジシマカの成虫50匹を用いて、30分間の吸血阻止効果の検証を行った。その結果、対照群では50匹中42匹(84%)の蚊から吸血が確認されたが、アカエゾマツ精油を塗布した群では吸血した蚊はおらず、100%蚊を忌避できた。これまでに報告されているアカエゾマツ精油の成分の中には、蚊に対する忌避効果を示す物質が複数含まれているごとが示されている。それらは単独でも効果を発揮することがわかっているが、今回の結果は複数の成分が組み合わさって強い効果を発揮したと考えられる。このように、アカエゾマツ精油は、蚊除け剤としての可能性が期待される。journal articl
