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Impact of eHealth education to reduce anemia among school-going adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh: Study protocol of a randomized controlled trial
Get PDFjournal articleAdolescent girls are highly vulnerable to developing anemia due to reproductive immaturity, poor personal hygiene, and lack of nutritional intake and health education in rural Bangladesh. Digital health technology is a promising tool to overcome barriers and provide appropriate health guidelines. We aim to evaluate eHealth education's impact and changes in adolescent girls' knowledge, attitude, and practice regarding anemia. A 1:1 parallel randomized control trial was conducted among school-going adolescent girls in rural Bangladesh. A total of 138 anemic (mild and moderate) participants were enrolled. We randomized schools to reduce the health education bias through a simple coin toss technique, then allocated participants to the intervention group (n = 69) and control group (n = 69) by stratified random sampling technique. The intervention group received two online counseling sessions and 8-month eHealth education through mobile phone calls and short message service regarding anemia. The control group received the usual care. The primary endpoint changes the anemic level through changing knowledge, healthy lifestyle behavior, and an iron-rich food dietary plan. Per-protocol analysis will utilize to compare the control and intervention groups using SPSS software. Descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, mean, SD) will be employed, and continuous variables will be compared using the t-test/Mann–Whitney test. Two-way analysis of variance will assess outcome variables at baseline, 4 months, and 8 months. The 8-month intervention is designed from May 2022 to February 2023. Participants' age range of 10-14 years was 60.9% in the intervention group and 56.5% in the control group. Among the participants, 89.9% and 88.4% were mild anemic; 11.11 (SD ± 0.80) and 11.06 (SD ± 0.96) were mean hemoglobin in the intervention and control groups, respectively. eHealth education is expected to be an effective way to increase knowledge and healthy behavioral change, which can reduce the anemia burden among adolescent girls.journal articl
A Qualitative Study on the Effect of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Animal-Assisted Intervention Activities Using Modified Grounded Theory Approach
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Regulation of programmed death ligand 1 expression by interferon-γ and tumour necrosis factor-α in canine tumour cell lines
Get PDFjournal articleExpression of programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) on tumour cells provides an immune evasion mechanism by inducing suppression of cytotoxic T cells. Various regulatory mechanisms of PD-L1 expression have been described in human tumours, however, little is known in canine tumours. To investigate whether inflammatory signalling is involved in PD-L1 regulation in canine tumours, the effects of interferon (IFN)-γ and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α treatment were examined in canine malignant melanoma cell lines (CMeC and LMeC) and an osteosarcoma cell line (HMPOS). The protein level of PD-L1 expression was upregulated by IFN-γ and TNF-α stimulation. Upon IFN-γ stimulation, all cell lines showed an increase in expression of PD-L1, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)1, STAT3 and genes regulated by STAT activation. Upregulated expression of these genes was suppressed by the addition of a JAK inhibitor, oclacitinib. Contrastingly, upon TNF-α stimulation, all cell lines exhibited higher gene expression of the nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) gene RELA and genes regulated by NF-κB activation, whereas expression of PD-L1 was upregulated in LMeC only. Upregulated expression of these genes was suppressed by the addition of an NF-κB inhibitor, BAY 11-7082. The expression level of cell surface PD-L1 induced by IFN-γ and TNF-α treatment was reduced by oclacitinib and BAY 11-7082, respectively, indicating that upregulation of PD-L1 expression by IFN-γ and TNF-α stimulation is regulated via the JAK-STAT and NF-κB signalling pathways, respectively. These results provide insights into the role of inflammatory signalling in PD-L1 regulation in canine tumours.journal articl
Augmentation of Pectoral Fin Teratogenicity by Thalidomide in Human Cytochrome P450 3A-Expressing Zebrafish
Get PDFjournal articleThe pharmacological and toxicological effects of active metabolites of enzymes including cytochrome P450 (CYP) are important. While it has been believed for a long time that thalidomide causes characteristic limb malformation only in rabbits and primates including humans, the involvement of their CYP3A subtypes (CYP3As) has been suggested. Recently, however, it was reported that zebrafish were sensitive to thalidomide, showing defects of pectoral fins, homologous organs of forelimbs in mammals, as well as other deformities. In this study, we prepared human CYP3A7 (hCYP3A7)-expressing zebrafish (F0) using a transposon system. Thalidomide caused pectoral fin defects and other malformations including pericardial edema in hCYP3A7-expressing embryos/larvae but not in wild-type and hCYP1A1-expressing embryos/larvae. Thalidomide also reduced the expression of fibroblast growth factor 8 in pectoral fin buds in only hCYP3A7-expressing embryos/larvae. The results suggest the involvement of human-type CYP3A in thalidomide teratogenicity.journal articl
Effects of the temperature-humidity index on conception rates in Holstein heifers and cows receiving in vitro-produced Japanese Black cattle embryos
Get PDFjournal articleWe investigated the effect of the temperature-humidity index (THI) on the conception rate (CR) in Holstein heifers and cows receiving in vitro-produced (IVP) Japanese Black cattle fresh embryos. IVP embryos were transferred to Holstein heifers (n = 1,407) and cows (n = 3,189) on 245 commercial farms. The monthly average ambient temperature (AT) and THI ranged from 4.7 to 29°C and 41 to 81, respectively; both were the highest in August. The monthly CR ranged from 16.3% to 46.7% in cows and 23.8% to 74.1% in heifers. The CR of heifers was unaffected by THI, AT, or the month of embryo transfer. However, these parameters affected the CR of cows. The CR at THI values of 61–65 and 71–75 was greater than that at THI > 75, whereas other THI values had no effect. The CR at temperatures > 25°C was lower (P = 0.008) than that at temperatures of 15–20°C and 20–25°C. Moreover, the CR was lowest (P = 0.003) in July. THI and parity (P = 0.057 and P = 0.001, respectively) and AT and parity (P = 0.019 and P = 0.001, respectively) showed significant effects on CR; however, there was no interaction between these two factors. In conclusion, AT > 25°C and THI > 75 adversely affect the CR outcome in cows but not in heifers.journal articl
Reactions of waterfowl (Anatidae) to the sounds of UAVs
Get PDFjournal articleドローンのローター音（回転翼による風切り音）がガンカモ類の忌避要因になっているのか検討した．録音したローター音をガンカモ類の群れに向かってオーディオで再生し，群れの反応を記録した．また，群れまでの距離を計測し，予め作成したローター音減衰モデルを用いてガンカモ類が聞いていた音レベルを推定した．その結果，少なくとも50 dB程度以下のローター音は，ガンカモ類の忌避要因にはならないものと考えられた．すなわち，ガンカモ類の逃避行動は機体の接近という視覚的な事象が主因となって生じるものと考えられた．ただし，大きなローター音であると，種によってはそれのみで忌避要因になることが示唆された．Geese, swans and ducks (Anatidae) are thought to avoid the sound of UAV rotor blades. In this study we measured the reactions of flocks of Anatidae to prerecorded UAV rotor sounds. The sound levels heard by Anatidae flocks were estimated using distance attenuation models of UAV rotor sounds. Our results indicated that rotor sounds below about 50 dB were not a primary avoidance factor, whereas avoidance behavior was triggered mainly by the visual impact of the UAV. However, if rotor sounds are louder than 50 dB, they may trigger avoidance by Anatidae.journal articl
