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Polypseudorotaxane-based supramolecular hydrogels consisting of cyclodextrins and Pluronics as stabilizing agents for antibody drugs
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Camera-trapping assessment of terrestrial mammals and birds in rehabilitated forest in INIKEA Project Area, Sabah, Malaysian Borneo
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Immune response during the onset of coliform mastitis in dairy cows vaccinated with STARTVAC®
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Current Status of Antimicrobial Drug Use in Japanese Companion Animal Clinics and the Factors Associated With Their Use
Get PDFArticleThe Japanese National Action Plan on Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) was adopted to strengthen AMR surveillance and monitoring in companion animals. The Japanese Veterinary Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring (JVARM) system monitors the sale of veterinary antimicrobial drugs by pharmaceutical companies, and the sale of human drugs by principal wholesale companies to companion animal (dogs and cats) clinics. However, the data do not include sales by local drug suppliers and personal importation to companion animal clinics in Japan. The purposes of this study were to estimate total antimicrobial drug use by companion animal clinics in Japan and to identify the factors associated with their use. In 2018, questionnaires gathering data on attributes of the clinic and volumes of antimicrobial drugs used were sent to 212 clinics across Japan by the Japan Veterinary Medical Association. Out of the clinics, 170 valid questionnaires were returned (80.2% response rate). Antimicrobial drugs were categorized first as human, veterinary, or imported drugs and then further categorized as important drugs (critically important drugs for humans and second-choice veterinary drugs) or others. Total antimicrobial drug use was estimated based on the number of clinics reported in 2016. The relationships between antimicrobial drug use and various questionnaire items were analyzed using non-parametric regression analysis. Total antimicrobial drug use was estimated at 29.9t, which was 2.1 times higher than reported by the JVARM survey on the sales of antimicrobial drugs. In terms of total use, important drugs and human drugs accounted for 12.6 and 61.8%, respectively. Clinic income per veterinarian was associated with total antimicrobial use per veterinarian. The proportion of important drugs among all antimicrobial drugs used in a clinic was high in recently established clinics with middle-aged and older directors.journal articl
Computed tomography may detect liver infiltration of canine diffuse hepatic lymphoma
Get PDFArticle[Background] In dogs, hepatic lymphoma is characterized by neoplastic lymphocyte infiltration into the liver. Reports on the computed tomography (CT) findings of the liver for canine hepatic lymphoma are few, with only one study of multiple liver lesions type. [Objectives] The purpose of this study was to retrospectively assess the CT findings of the liver in canine diffuse hepatic lymphoma. [Methods] As control, five dogs without abnormalities in the liver were included. CT data were analysed, and the following were noted: presence of edge bluntness of the liver, presence of periportal collar sign, the liver size:body weight (BW) ratio and the mean attenuation of liver lesions on pre-contrast, arterial-phase, portal-phase and equilibrium-phase post-contrast images. [Results] On CT examination, edge bluntness of the liver was significantly detected in lymphoma (4/5, 80%), as opposed to the control (0/5, 0%) (p = 0.048, φ = 0.82). The periportal collar sign was detected in lymphoma (3/5, 60%), as opposed to the control (0/5, 0%) (p = 0.17, φ = 0.65). The liver size:BW ratio of lymphoma cases was significantly higher compared to that of the control cases (p = 0.0002, r = 0.92). The mean Hounsfield unit of lymphoma cases in the pre-contrast, arterial-phase, portal-phase and equilibrium-phase images were significantly lower than in the control cases (p = 0.005, r = 0.81; p = 0.0003, r = 0.91; p = 0.01, r = 0.75 and p = 0.02, r = 0.71, respectively). [Conclusions] Hepatic lymphoma should be a differential for a blunted and enlarged liver with hypoattenuation on CT examination.journal articl
Effects of timolol maleate eye drops on experimentally dilated cardiomyopathy and healthy rabbits
Get PDFArticleBackground: Dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) is the most frequently diagnosed cardiomyopathy in rabbits. Timolol maleate (nonselective beta-blockers), which reduces the heart rate (HR) and blood pressure, has been used for glaucoma. However, this effect has not been assessed in a rabbit DCM model. Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the circulatory effects of 0.5% timolol maleate eye drops on rabbit DCM models. Methods: Rabbits were randomly divided into healthy (n = 8) and DCM rabbits (n = 8). Rabbit DCM models were established through intravenous administration of daunorubicin (4 mg/kg/week), an anthracycline anticancer drug, for 6 weeks. We measured the HR, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and echocardiography before (pre) and at 10, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after timolol maleate administration. Results: Timolol maleate 0.5% eye drops significantly reduced the HR at 10, 30, and 60 minutes in DCM models and 10 minutes in healthy rabbits; however, there were no alterations in MAP. There was a significant fraction shortening elevation at 10 and 120 minutes in DCM models; moreover, there were marked ejection fraction elevations at all measurement points in only DCM models. Conclusion: Timolol maleate eye drops exert several effects on the circulatory system in rabbit DCM models and healthy rabbits.journal articl
Morphometric evaluation of canine hepatocellular carcinoma using computed tomography: a promising tool for predicting malignancy
Get PDFArticleThe size of canine focal liver lesions (FLLs) is known to be one of the predicting criteria for malignancy. However, there are discrepancies for the measurement of maximum lesion size, resulting in contradicting results among studies and incidences of false positive outcomes. Thus far, the morphometric changes of FLLs for distinguishing malignancy from benignancy remains undocumented. This study aimed to investigate morphometric characteristics of FLLs using computed tomography (CT). CT images of 40 dogs with histopathological confirmation of 49 liver lesions, including 39 hepatocellular carcinomas and 10 nodular hyperplasias were retrospectively reviewed. The morphometric parameters including size (long and short axis diameters measured on transverse image), shape (measured by long to short axis (L/S) ratio), volume, and surface appearance of a liver lesion were evaluated using univariate and stepwise multivariate analyses, respectively. The results of univariate analysis showed that long and short axis diameters, L/S ratio, volume, and surface appearance of a lesion were significantly different between hepatocellular carcinomas and nodular hyperplasias. Multivariate analysis revealed that short axis diameter (>3.30 cm; odds ratio (OR): 36.1, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.36–387.05, P=0.0031) and L/S ratio (>1.23; OR: 18.1, 95% CI: 1.61–205.12, P=0.0191) were independent predictors of malignancy, with the area under the curve of 0.9154. These results suggest that the combination of short axis diameter and L/S ratio is a promising tool for predicting liver malignancy with outstanding discriminating ability.journal articl