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北海道知床半島産ヒグマ(Ursus arctos)における日本海裂頭条虫(Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis)の保有状況
Get PDFArticleRecently, it was revealed that a natural host for the responsible agent, Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis, one of the zoonotic diphyllobothriasis, is brown bears (Ursus arctos)in the Shiretoko Peninsula, Hokkaido, Japan, but its prevalence of the bears has been unknown. Hence, we investigated it with frozen intestines from of carcasses of the bears killed between 2018 and 2019 in the peninsula. The materials were derived from the total 22 individuals including Shari(n=10), Rausu(n=11) and Kiyosato Towns(n=1). Among the intestinal materials, the cestodes were obtained from 3 individuals (prevalence ca.13.6%) of Shari. ヒトと動物の共通寄生虫病の原因虫の一種,日本海裂頭条虫(Dibothriocephalus nihonkaiensis) の自然宿主として北海道知床半島のヒグマ(Ursus artos)であることが報告されたが,その保有状況は不明であった.そこで,2018年から2019年にかけ羅臼町斜里町および清里町で有害捕獲または登録狩猟されたヒグマ計22個体から得られ,冷凍保存された消化管について条虫検査を行った.その結果,斜里町で捕獲された計3個体で当該条虫種の寄生を認めた(寄生率13.6%).journal articl
Invasion of Mycoplasma bovis into bovine synovial cells utilizing the clathrin-dependent endocytosis pathway
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Macrophage ubiquitin-specific protease 2 contributes to motility, hyperactivation, capacitation, and in vitro fertilization activity of mouse sperm
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Bacterial Characteristics of Dust Particle Saltation in Gobi Dust Sites, Mongolia
Get PDFArticleThe Gobi Desert is a major source of Asian dust events, and the resulting health hazards have increased significantly in recent years. We reported that a variety of live bacteria were distributed in the Gobi Desert in relation to land use. Bacterial distribution was confirmed in the environment and on the land used by animals; however, bacterial saltation due to dust events has not been investigated in detail. In this study, to understand the distribution of surface bacteria in the atmosphere by dust saltation, live bacteria in four dust-generating areas in the Gobi area were monitored using an artificial dust generating device. The live bacteria were detected by experimental saltation at a wind speed of 6.5–8 m/s in all areas. A certain number of live bacteria are constantly saltated by dust events, and these bacteria depend on land use. Moreover, the bacterial saltation strain depended on land use and diversity, indicating that live bacteria are lifted into the environment by dust events. These findings indicate that dust events saltate environmental bacteria on the ground, suggest the risk of animal-derived bacterial saltation affected by land use, and present cross-border public health challenges to be considered in the future.journal articl
北海道のフリーストール1酪農場における定期削蹄記録に基づく牛趾皮膚炎Mステージ分類からの発生状況の解析
Get PDFArticle牛趾皮膚炎（DD）は再発を繰り返しやすく発生制御が難しい．本研究では北海道のフリーストール（FS）酪農場のホルスタイン種成乳牛126頭504肢を対象に定期削蹄記録からDDをMステージ分類し，DD発生状況の把握と発生予防対策を講じた．DD活動性病変（aDD）の有病割合を明らかにし目的変数を各Mステージ分類，説明変数を観察場所，産次数に加え2019年2月までの過去3回の削蹄に立会い記録した．結果，aDDの有病頭数は24.6％で初産牛を中心に構成されたFS牛群でaDDの高いオッズ比とaDD再発が示唆された．削蹄情報をMステージ分類により記録し解析した本研究は，牛群管理に有用な情報を提供し国内初の報告と考えられた．Bovine digital dermatitis (DD) is classified into M stages, ranging from M0 (Healthy), M1, M2, M3, M4 and M4.1 and is prone to recurrence. In this study, we recorded the M-stage classification of DD at 504 limbs in 126 Holstein-Friesian dairy cattle in April 2020 at a freestall dairy farm in Hokkaido, during regular foot trimming. We analyzed the data to reveal the occurrence of DD and to take preventive measures. As the method, we determined the prevalence of active DD (aDD). Then, the objective variable was set at each M-stage classification of DD by binomial logistic regression analysis, while the explanatory variables were the observation places, the number of calving, and the last three observations during hoof trimming up to February 2019. The results showed that prevalence of aDD cattle was 24.6%, and a high ratio of aDD was observed in a herd consisting mainly of first lactation cattle. Further, aDD was more common where it had been recorded in the past. Our study, in which hoof trimming information was recorded and analyzed according to M-stage classification, provided useful information for herd management and was believed to be the first report of its kind in Japan.journal articl
Virucidal Effect of the Mesoscopic Structure of CAC-717 on Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2
Get PDFArticleHere, the virucidal effect of calcium bicarbonate with a mesoscopic structure (CAC-717) on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) was determined. Assays showed that CAC-717 had a strong virucidal effect on all examined SARS-CoV-2 isolates, including variant strains. The viral infectivity decreased within 15 s, and the virucidal activity of CAC-717 at a 1:49 ratio was similar to that of ethanol disinfectant. CAC-717 neutralization eliminated this virucidal effect, indicating that the alkaline condition of CAC-717 is important for virus inactivation and is an indicator of its mesoscopic structure and virucidal activity. The virucidal effect was observed in the presence of organic matter (bovine serum albumin). CAC-717 is a non-invasive and non-flammable substance with a low environmental burden, and its usefulness as a novel disinfectant has been confirmed.journal articl
A bronchopulmonary artery fistula in a horse
Get PDFArticleA 24-year-old, Thoroughbred gelding presented with difficulty breathing for a few days and intermittent nose bleeding before dying. At necropsy, the bronchoesophageal artery and the bronchial artery that flowed into the left anterior lobe were tortuous and dilated, and it was found that dilated tortuous branches of the bronchial artery ran over the dorsal and ventral surfaces of the left anterior lobe. Histopathologically, an anastomosis between a muscular artery and an elastic artery were demonstrated, which were identified as bronchial and pulmonary arteries, respectively. Based on the gross and histopathological findings, a bronchopulmonary artery fistula was diagnosed. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of a pulmonary vascular anastomosis in a horse.journal articl
A retrospective study of 14 dogs with advanced heart failure treated with loop diuretics and hydrochlorothiazide
Get PDFArticleBackground: The use of thiazide diuretics is recommended in the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine guidelines for advanced heart failure due to mitral insufficiency (MI) in dogs. However, there are no large-scale reports of the use of thiazide diuretics in dogs with advanced heart failure. Aim: This retrospective study evaluated the therapeutic effect of concomitant hydrochlorothiazide (HTCZ) with loop diuretics in dogs with heart failure. Methods: The study included 14 dogs diagnosed with advanced pulmonary edema with MI at two facilities. In all cases, high-dose loop diuretics (torsemide; 0.78–4 mg/kg/day) did not improve pulmonary edema. The results of the echocardiography and renal function tests before and after the administration of HTCZ (0.2–0.84 mg/kg/day) in addition to torsemide were statistically compared. Results: The echocardiographic data demonstrated significant improvement in relation to cardiac stress; left atrium to the aorta ratio, normalized left ventricular internal dimension in diastole, and E wave velocity (m/s) after HTCZ administration. However, blood urea nitrogen and creatinine levels increased, and potassium levels decreased, indicating a decline in renal function following HTCZ administration. Conclusion: This study suggests that the administration of HTCZ in combination with loop diuretics may be beneficial during advanced heart failure due to MI in dogs. The results can also be extended to patients who are resistant to loop diuretics, resulting in the improvement of cardiac function. However, as the combination of HTCZ and loop diuretics can deteriorate renal function, caution should be exercised prior to making recommendations regarding its use, and renal function should be monitored.journal articl
新鮮水稲根重の測定 : 野菜水切り器を用いた簡易脱水法提案
Get PDFArticleポット栽培試験は植物の水分吸収評価に有効な試験系であり，重量法によって植物の水分吸収量が評価される．重量法に基づく植物体の正確な水分吸収量の評価には，全体重量に占める茎葉部ならびに根系新鮮重の評価が不可欠である．茎葉部の新鮮重は，地際で刈り取りをしてそのまま容易に測定することができるが，根系は根を土から洗い出した後の根系表面の水分を十分に取り去る工程が，生育段階が進む中で根系形態が複雑化した場合に特に難しく，これまでに根系新鮮重の測定方法に関する知見はほとんどない．本研究は，機器を低価格で用意できて，測定結果に誤差が生じにくく，比較的身体的負担が少ない水稲根系の新鮮重測定法を提案した．検証結果から提案法について，1） 測定機器とする野菜水切り器を低価格で用意でき，2） 回転速度を1回転/秒と定めることが容易であることから測定結果に誤差が生じにくく，3） 測定にかかる身体的負担が少ないことが分かった．さらに，実際の栽培試験に同提案法を採用した場合に，考案時には想定できなかった問題点が生じないか，測定人数を増やしたときに効率性が上がるか，を検証し，異なる灌水タイミングでポット栽培した水稲根系の新鮮重評価に同提案法を採用し，測定法の有効性ならびに新鮮水稲根重測定の意義について評価した．The pot experiment is effective for the evaluation of water uptake of plants and the gravimetric method is used to assess the water uptake of plants. For an accurate gravimetric assessment of the water uptake of plants, it is essential to evaluate the fresh weight of the stems, leaves and root system as a percentage of the total weight. The fresh weight of stems and leaves can be easily measured after cutting at the ground level, but the fresh weight of the root system is difficult to measure, especially when the growth of the plant has become more complex, because the process of removing water from the surface of the root system after washing the roots out of the soil is difficult. In this study, we proposed a method for measuring the fresh rice root weight that can be provided at a low cost and is relatively easy to use, with little measurement error and relatively little physical burden. It was found that 1) a vegetable drainer as a measuring device could be prepared at a low price, 2) it was easy to determine the rotation speed, 1 rotation/sec, so that measurement error were unlikely to occur and 3) the physical burden of measurement was low. Furthermore, the effectiveness of the proposed method and the significance of fresh rice root weight measurement were both evaluated by using this method in the pot experiments with different irrigation timing.journal articl
Validation of the bovine blood calcium checker as a rapid and simple measuring tool for the ionized calcium concentration in cattle
Get PDFArticlePoint-of-care (POC) devices that veterinary practitioners can use to easily and rapidly measure blood ionized calcium (iCa) levels in cows immediately after withdrawing a blood sample on the dairy farm are needed. Aims of present studies was to compare the commercially available ion-selective electrode handheld iCa meter (bovine blood iCa checker) with the benchtop blood gas analyzer GEM premier 3500 and handheld analyzer i-STAT 1. Sixty-two paired-point whole blood samples were obtained from three cows with hypocalcemia experimentally induced by Na2-EDTA infusion. Whole blood samples were also obtained from the 36 cows kept on a farm in field conditions. The results using the bovine blood iCa checker correlated with those using the GEM premier 3500 and i-STAT 1. Bovine blood iCa checker was “compatible” with the GEM premier 3500 and i-STAT 1 because the frequency of differences between the measurements within ± 20% of the mean were 100% (65/65, >75%) and 90.8% (59/65, >75%), respectively. In the field trial, the blood iCa concentration measured by the bovine blood Ca checker was significantly positively correlated with that measured by the i-STAT 1 portable analyzer. Bovine blood iCa checker was “compatible” with the i-STAT 1 because the frequency of differences between the measurements within ± 20% of the mean was 100% (36/36, >75%). Results from these findings, the bovine blood iCa checker may be applied as a simplified system to measure the iCa concentration in bovine whole blood.journal articl