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Chromosomal coharboring of blaIMP-60 and mcr-9 in Enterobacter asburiae isolated from a Japanese woman with empyema: a case report
Get PDFjournal article[Background] Polymyxin E (colistin) is a last-resort antibiotic to treat infections caused by carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE). However, reports of CPEs resistant to colistin have been increasing, and the mcr genes are emerging as resistance mechanisms. Among them, plasmid-mediate mcr-9 is known to be associated with colistin resistance, whereas reports on chromosomal mcr-9 and its association with colistin resistance in humans are few. [Case presentation] We identified Enterobacter asburiae harboring mcr-9 and blaIMP-60 in the pleural fluid of a patient with empyema. The long-read sequencing technique revealed that these genes were located on its chromosome. Despite the lack of exposure to colistin, the organism showed microcolonies in the inhibition circle in the E-test and disk diffusion test. Antibiotic susceptibility testing by broth microdilution confirmed its resistance to colistin. [Conclusion] Our case report showed that mcr-9 can be present not only on plasmids but also on the chromosome in E. asburiae, and that the presence of mcr-9 on its chromosome may influence its susceptibility to colistin.journal articl
Healthy Aging : Comparative Analysis of Local Perception and Diet in Two Health Districts of Côte d’Ivoire and Japan
Get PDFjournal articleContext: Good health and longevity depend on dynamic interactions between biological, social, psychological, and environmental factors. Aging is globally a big challenge, particularly with the demographic transition, including population growth, and an emerging burden to society. Knowledge, behavior, diet, and consumption of animal source food were related to aging and emerged as the key factors modulating healthy aging. Objective: The study was designed to understand the main healthy aging factors, such as knowledge, social network, and diet of elders, and to derive mutual learning from it for healthy aging. Methods: A qualitative approach has been applied to explore health-related knowledge, attitude, and diet of elders from Ebetsu (Japan) and Tiassalé (Côte d’Ivoire) health districts, using focus group discussions and comparative context analysis between high- and low-income countries. Results: The study shows that living longer is a common feature of people in Japan compared to Côte d’Ivoire, where the life expectancy is still low. Both groups of elders have social networks that support them, and both offer their gained experience to society. While Japanese elders depend on pension and insurance for income and medical treatments, Ivorians depend mostly on their children and social network in old age. The worries of elders differ between the two regions. In Ebetsu, elder members of the community are concerned about the future burden they pose for the younger generation if they develop ill-health, making them more resilient to aging. In Taabo, elders are considered to be culturally and socially useful to the society. Elders in Ebetsu pointed out that for healthy aging, education on diet at a younger age, physical activities, and access to basic social services are the key aspects. This was not observed in Taabo’s context. Being inactive and dependent on others were described as the most worrying situations for elders in Ebetsu, as it is perceived to increase the risk of non-communicable diseases and anxiety. Elders in Ebetsu have good knowledge on what constitutes a healthy diet, and they believe that diversifying their diet, reducing portions, and substituting red meat with good animal and vegetable proteins are best eating practices to maintain good health. In Côte d’Ivoire, the diet is imbalanced and the whole family consumes the same meal made mainly with high-energy staples and little protein. However, it is observed in both societies that adopting a good diet is very expensive. Conclusion: The consciousness of aging is universal, but healthy aging varies according to the social systems, education, and knowledge on diet transition. Physical activities, protein–energy balance in diet, and social networks are the key for healthy aging in both contexts. The challenge is to find ways to increase knowledge regarding healthy aging and to strengthen the support system so that healthy aging becomes affordable.journal articl
The impact of China’s Belt and Road Initiative on change and losing of Central Asian oases agricultural land
Get PDFjournal articleLocated in Central Asia, Kazakhstan is characterized as a semi-arid region which includes dry steppe land in the south. Agriculture carried out in this area is typically oasis farmland with water taken from local rivers used for irrigation. During the former Soviet Union, irrigation projects were widely carried out to expand agricultural land, and large-scale irrigation projects were created in several areas. However, many of these areas were abandoned since the collapse of the Soviet regime in 1991. In recent years, agricultural reforms have been carried out in Kazakhstan, and the privatization and fragmentation of agricultural land has progressed due to the free trade of agricultural land use rights. The study area of the Zharkent (Panfilov) Region is located on the border between Kazakhstan and China, is a semi-arid area and has been cultivating corn by irrigation from the Ili River and the Usek River for many years. Therefore, there are many abandoned agricultural lands because of salinization. However, this area is the start point of the railway and highway of China’s One Belt One Road (OBOR or Belt and Road Initiative, BRI) project to Europe, and corn production and exports are expected to flourish. In this study, we focus on the vulnerability of oasis agriculture and extract changes in agricultural land for about 30 years from 1989 to the present using Landsat series and Sentinel series and visualized them using RGB col-or combined techniques. The results show that agricultural land is disappeared or desertified at the Ili river basin and at the foot of the Zhongar-Alatau Mountains and that there are several years of fallow even in areas where agriculture is active. Using the Zharkent region in the irrigated alluvial fan of zhongar-Alatau Mountains of eastern Kazakhstan as an example, we classify the farm field changing using Landsat TM and Sentinel-2 satellite imagery and identify of vulnerability to the disappearance of oases farmland.journal articl
Effect of fluid ingestion restriction from the previous day on exercise-induced hypoglycemia with pre-exercise carbohydrate beverage ingestion
Get PDFjournal article【Purpose】The purpose of the present study was to clarify the effect of fluid ingestion restriction from the previous day on exercise-induced hypoglycemia. 【Methods】Ten healthy Japanese male subjects performed 30-min cycling exercise at an intensity on the 65% of each subject’s maximal load after ingesting a 500mL of carbohydrate beverage dissolving 30g of glucose under the two types of conditions as follows: the subjects drank 2L of water on the previous day （fluid ingestion condition） and they restricted fluid ingestion on the previous day （fluid restriction condition）. Urine specific gravity, blood glucose concentration and insulin concentration were measured before ingesting the carbohydrate beverage. The blood glucose concentrations were measured before, during, and after exercise. The insulin concentrations were measured before and after exercise. 【Results】The urine specific gravity in fluid restriction condition was significantly （P < 0.01） higher than that in fluid ingestion condition. The mean blood glucose concentrations in both conditions were lower than the criterion for hypoglycemia （72mg/dL） at 15-25 minutes during exercise, with no differences in change between conditions （P = 0.97）. The changes of insulin concentration were not different between both conditions （P = 0.21）. 【Conclusion】These results suggest that the 30g/500mL of carbohydrate beverage ingestion at 30-min before exercise caused exercise-induced hypoglycemia regardless of fluid ingestion restriction on the previous day.journal articl
SARS-CoV-2 in Veterinary Field : 3. The Impact of COVID-19 in Animal Clinics
Get PDFjournal article2019年12月に中国武漢で発生した新型コロナウイルス感染症（COVID-19）はパンデミックを起こし，現在も国民の生活に大きな影響を与えている。本研究は，COVID-19 による伴侶動物病院への影響を明らかにするため実施された。（1）診療施設でのCOVID-19 発生状況，（2）衛生対策，（3）診療・勤務状況，（4）診療施設の運営状況，（5）従事者の精神的ストレスに関する質問票をGoogle Formを用いて作成し，2021年5月1日から6月10日に掛けて，日本全国の伴侶動物病院施設に勤務する獣医師，動物看護師，その他スタッフから電子自記式で回答を受けた。衛生対策については，COVID-19 発生前，第一回緊急事態宣言下，および回答時点での状況についてLikert スケールを用いて質問した。精神的ストレスの指標にはK6を用いた。得られた回答の記述疫学と統計学的解析を行った。COVID-19 の発生は獣医師（2.6%）， 動物看護師（1.9%），その他スタッフ（1.4%），飼い主（14.9%）について報告があった。COVID-19 発生後，物資は不足したが衛生対策には強化が見られた。衛生対策の実施および強化と院内でのCOVID-19 発生とは有意な関係がなかった。勤務体制にはほぼ変化がなく（89.3%），雇止めはほぼなかった。回答者のうち最も重要視されていたのは院内でのCOVID-19 感染防止（平均心理尺度0.21）で，次いで獣医療提供の維持（0.12）であり，経営のための診療数維持はそれほど重要視されていなかった（－0.33）。自主的外出制限と日々の診療での感染リスクの認知が強いストレスの原因であり，回答者の10.7％でうつ，5.8% で重度のうつが示唆された。感染リスクを強く感じるほど有意にK6が高かった（傾き0.427，p < 0.001）。K6は女性で有意に高く（p < 0.001），20-40代で高かった。COVID-19への衛生対策は良く取られており，動物病院関係者のCOVID-19 感染は院外で起きていると考えられた。精神的ストレスは非常に高く，ワクチン接種の普及により減少していくことが予想された。ストレスの内容を共有し労り合うなどストレス・マネジメントをはかる必要性が示唆された。journal articl
Genetic variation of chloroplast genome and morphological characteristics of Primula cuneifolia Ledeb. var. cuneifolia at Yoichidake in Hokkaido, Japan
Get PDFjournal article余市岳におけるエゾコザクラのtrn L (UAA) 3' exon - trn F (GAA) 領域とatp B - rbc L 領域の2領域における葉緑体ゲノムの遺伝変異を調査した。また，草丈，筒長，花径，葉長，葉幅，ロゼット径といった形態特性を調査した。その結果，20個体を分析し，11個体のハプロタイプを決定することができた。そのことから，余市岳のエゾコザクラの葉緑体ゲノムは先行研究で明らかになった大雪山・日高山系グループの主要ハプロタイプと一致し，大雪山・日高山系グループであることが分かった。一方，余市岳の個体群は標準的なエゾコザクラの形態的特徴と一致していたことが分かった。また，個体群内の花型割合も同程度であった。We investigated two chloroplast genome regions from trn L (UAA) 3' exon - trn F ( GAA ) and atp B - rbc L of Primula cuneifolia Ledeb. var. cuneifolia at Yoichidake in Hokkaido, and the morphological characteristics, such as grass height, tube length, flower diameter, leaf length, leaf width, and rosette diameter. As a result, 20 individuals were analyzed and haplotypes were determined for 11 individuals. The chloroplast genome of Yoichidake matched the main haplotype of Taisetsuzan - Hidaka mountains group identified in a previous study, indicating that it belongs to Taisetsuzan - Hidaka mountains group. Moreover, the populations were found to be consistent with the morphological characteristics of the standard Primula cuneifolia Ledeb. var. cuneifolia, the pin and thrum types of flowers indicated a similar ratio.journal articl
Application of the colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique for genotyping Cre-driver mice
Get PDFjournal articleThe Cre-loxP system is widely used to investigate the cell-type specific roles of genes of interest. Cre-driver mice are required for cell-type specific knockout during the Cre-loxP reaction. To maintain Cre-driver mouse strains, Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-oriented genotyping targeting the Cre gene cassette is usually conducted. In this study, we instead applied a colorimetric loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method for Cre-genotyping. Among four sets of primers designed by the in silico program, one set effectively amplified the Cre cassette of three Cre-driver strains, but not of C57BL/6 mice. This LAMP-oriented method reduces assay time by less than half compared to the PCR-based method, and can be carried out using a conventional isothermal incubator. Applying this LAMP method may accelerate genotyping of Cre-driver mice.journal articl
The profile of urinary lipid metabolites in healthy dogs
Get PDFjournal articlePolyunsaturated fatty acids, including arachidonic acid (AA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), are converted to hundreds of lipid mediators by cyclooxygenases (COX), lipoxygenases (LOX), and cytochrome P450 (CYP), or through non-enzymatic processes, and they reflect inflammatory states of the body. We comprehensively analyzed lipid metabolites in dog urine using a liquid chromatograph-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to describe their metabolic characteristics. We detected 31 AA-derived metabolites, four EPA-derived metabolites, and a DHA-derived metabolite in all urine samples. Among AA-derived metabolites, 15, 5, 3, and 8 were generated by COX, LOX, CYP, and non-enzymatic oxidation respectively. This study will be the first step to use profiles of urinary lipid metabolites for better understanding and diagnosis of canine diseases.journal articl
How ssGBLUP became suitable for national dairy cattle evaluations
Get PDFjournal articleNational dairy evaluations use mostly multistep methods, where a nongenomic BLUP evaluation is followed by extraction of pseudo-phenotypes, genomic analyses, and merging nongenomic and genomic evaluations. With genomic preselection and many females genotyped, pseudo-phenotypes are biased, and it is hard to accommodate female genotypes fully. Such problems were successfully solved in other species by ssGBLUP, but large biases and expensive computing were experienced in dairy. This paper documents several improvements that made ssGBLUP feasible for national dairy evaluations. The pedigree relationships account for inbreeding. The formulas for unknown parent groups involve relationships for genotyped animals, and the number of groups is small. Pedigrees and phenotypes are truncated. Large data is accommodated by the APY algorithm. Multibreed evaluation is possible with judicious choice of APY core animals. In tests with the US national data and up to 3.5 M genotypes, analyses by ssGBLUP showed minimal bias and superior stability of GEBV.journal articl
Remote Sensing Approach for the Appearance and Disappearance of Oasis Farmland in Kazakhstan
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