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Recent updates in the BLUPF90 software suite
Get PDFjournal articleBLUPF90 is a flexible software suite that estimates variance components, cross-classified and covariate effects, breeding values, accuracies, and SNP effects, among others. It is based on mixed models and focuses mainly on animal breeding and genetics applications. This collection of software is continually under development to incorporate new methods and algorithms, improve efficiency, and broaden usage. A significant change undergoing BLUPF90 is the merge of variance components and breeding values estimation software. Some of the recent developments include the implementation of P-values for SNP effects in single-step GWAS, a new algorithm to approximate reliability or accuracy of GEBV, the inclusion of metafounders or unknown parent groups in ssGBLUP to set the base populations, and several optimizations to speed up computing time with many genotyped animals. BLUPF90 is a resourceful collection of efficient software that handles millions of genotyped animals and dozens of millions of records or individuals in pedigree.journal articl
Distribution and characteristics of carbapenem-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) producing Escherichia coli in hospital effluents, sewage treatment plants, and river water in an urban area of Japan
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Functional characterization and vacuolar localization of fructan exohydrolase derived from onion (Allium cepa)
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Short 5′ Untranslated Region Enables Optimal Translation of Plant Virus Tricistronic RNA via Leaky Scanning
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Controlling dairy manure moisture content during composting by mixing the manure with wheat straw reduces greenhouse gas emissions
Get PDFjournal article麦稈による乳牛ふん尿の水分調整が温室効果ガス排出量に及ぼす影響を検証するために，北海道農家慣行の実規模無通気堆積法に基づく堆肥化試験を実施した．試験区は，高水分区（水分82.3％，容積重888 kg m−3），中水分区（79.1％，796 kg m−3）および低水分区（75.9％，679 kg m−3）の計3試験区とし，111日間の堆肥化過程における温室効果ガス発生量および堆肥温度を測定した．堆肥の最高温度は高水分区44.7°C, 中水分区71.9°C, 低水分区71.1°Cであり，堆肥化期間全体ではおおむね低水分区，中水分区，高水分区の順に高く推移した．堆肥の腐熟度は，高水分区は未熟に近い状態，低水分区は完熟に近い状態であり，中水分区は両者の中間であった．高水分区は嫌気的部分が多い状態で経過したのに対し，低水分区においては膨軟で好気的な状態で堆肥化が進んだと考えられた．メタンおよび一酸化二窒素の積算発生量は，低medium>high moisture content. The degrees of compost maturity were nearly immature and fully mature with high and low moisture content, respectively, and the degree was intermediate between the two maturities with medium moisture content. Thus, composting proceeded in a swollen/softened state and an aerobic state with low moisture content, whereas the anaerobic state was mostly found when moisture content was high. Cumulative emission rates of methane and nitrous oxide gases were in the following order: low<high<medium moisture content. This indicated that greenhouse gas emissions could be controlled by mixing a large amount of wheat straw into the compost. Cumulative greenhouse gas emissions converted to CO2 equivalents were 572, 850, and 518 kg-CO2eq with high, medium, and low moisture content, respectively. Thus, with low moisture content, emissions were reduced by 9.4% and 39.1% compared with those when moisture content was high and medium, respectively. These results indicate that composting by actively mixing wheat straw into dairy manure to adjust moisture content can lead to swollen and softened compost and accelerated fermentation, which could help reduce greenhouse gas emissions from dairy farms.journal articl
A Robust Method for Discrimination of Posture and Behabior of Cow
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