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Investigation of the Flight Performance of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle with Quad Rotor Configuration Using Model Predictive Control Methodith Quad Rotor Configuration Using Model Predictive Control Method
No full textDört rotorlu İnsansız Hava Araçları (İHA) ulaşım, savunma ve eğlence gibi sektörlerde sıklıkla kullanılmaktadır. Bu İHA'lar genellikle değişen hava koşullarında karmaşık manevralar gerçekleştirmek için karmaşık uçuş algoritmaları kullanılarak kontrol edilir. Bu gibi durumlarda istenilen uçuş performansını gözlemlemek için ileri düzeyde bir kontrolcünün tasarlanması ve bu kontrolcünün uçuş performansına etkisinin belirsizlik analizleri ile incelenmesi gerekmektedir. Bu tez çalışması, dört rotorlu bir İHA'nın altı serbestlik dereceli (6-DOF) uzayda modellenmesini ve kontrolünü amaçlamaktadır. Oluşturulan 6-DOF modelde İHA'nın değişen hava koşulları, hassas olmayan sensör ölçümleri ve bilinmeyen aerodinamik özellikleri altındaki uçuş performansını incelenmek amacıyla Monte Carlo belirsizlik analizi kullanılmıştır. Modelleme ve kontrolcü tasarımı MATLAB ; Simulink yazılımı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Modelleme 6-DOF uzayda yapıldığı için, 3 adet kuvvet denklemi ile öteleme dinamiği modellemesi ve 3 adet moment denklemi ile dönme dinamiği modellemesi yapılmıştır. Elde edilen model üzerine iki döngülü bir kontrolcü yapısı tasarlanmıştır. Bu kontrolcünün dış döngüsünde bir pozisyon kontrolcüsü, iç döngüsünde ise bir rotasyon kontrolcüsü yer almaktadır. Pozisyon kontrolcü, 3 eksenin her birinde 2 durum değişkenini kontrol edebilen bir durum uzayı kontrolcüsüdür. Durum uzayı tipindeki pozisyon kontrolcüsünün her bir ekseninin ayrı ayrı kontrol edilebilmesi için Kutup Yerleştirme tekniği ile kontrolcüler tasarlanmıştır. Rotasyon kontrolcüsü ise, 6 durum değişkenini bir arada kontrol edebilecek şekilde tasarlanan daha karmaşık yapıda bir durum uzayı kontrolcüsüdür. Sistemin farklı kontrol teknikleri altında performansının karşılaştırılabilmesi için, rotasyon kontrolcüsü Model Öngörülü Kontrol, Kutup Yerleştirme ve Doğrusal Kuadratik Regülatör (Linear Quadratic Regulator, LQR) teknikleri ile ayrı ayrı tasarlanmıştır. Tasarlanan model içerisinde bu 3 kontrolcünün her biri anahtarlanarak kullanıma alınabilmektedir. Modelleme kontrolcü tasarımlarının tamamlanmasının ardından tekli koşularla kontrolcülerin gürbüzlüğü incelenmiştir. Ayrıca, İHA'nın uçuş performansını değerlendirmek için belirsiz koşullar altında istenen açı, konum ve hız değerlerindeki sapmalar incelenmiştir. Benzetim sonuçları bir araya toplanarak 3 rotasyon kontrolcüsünün birbirine olan üstünlükleri ortaya çıkartılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, yapılan bu tez çalışması ile dört rotorlu bir İHA'nın uçuş performansı farklı kontrol teknikleri altında incelenmiştir.Quadrotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are frequently used in sectors such as transportation, defense, and entertainment. These UAVs are often controlled using complex flight algorithms to perform complex maneuvers in changing weather conditions. In such cases, an advanced controller must be designed to observe the desired flight performance and the effect of this controller on flight performance must be examined through uncertainty analysis. This thesis study aims to explain the modelling and control of a quadrotor UAV in six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) space. In the created 6-DOF model, Monte Carlo uncertainty analysis was used to examine the flight performance of the UAV under changing weather conditions, imprecise sensor measurements and unknown aerodynamic features. Modelling and controller design were carried out using MATLAB ; Simulink software. Since the modelling was done in 6-DOF space, translational dynamics modelling was performed with 3 force equations and rotational dynamics modelling was performed with 3 moment equations. A two-loop controller structure was designed based on the resulting model. There is a position controller in the outer loop of this controller and a rotation controller in the inner loop. The position controller is a state space controller that can control 2 state variables in each of the 3 axes. Controllers have been designed using the pole placement technique to control each axis of the state space type position controller separately. The rotation controller is a more complex state space controller designed to control 6 state variables together. In order to compare the performance of the system under different control techniques, the rotation controller was designed separately with Model Predictive Control, Pole Placement and Linear Quadratic Regulator (LQR) techniques. Within the designed model, each of these 3 controllers can be switched and put into use. After completing the modeling controller designs, the robustness of the controllers was examined with single runs. Additionally, deviations in desired angle, position and speed values under uncertain conditions were examined to evaluate the flight performance of the UAV. By gathering the simulation results together, the advantages of the three rotation controllers over each other were revealed. As a result, in this thesis study, the flight performance of a four-rotor UAV was examined under different control techniques
Building Anatomy: Impact of Internal and External Factors on Building Design; Production and Analysis
No full textBina üretimi en erken örneklerinden günümüze kadar benzer pratiklerle yapılmaktadır, süreç işi alma ile başlayıp projelendirme ve ardından binanın üretilmesiyle son bulur. Her üretim benzer bir süreç takip etse de zaman içersinde değişen yapım teknikleri, teknoloji, toplumun değişen ihtiyaçları, sosyo- kültürel değişimler, tüm dünyayı etkileyen salgınlar, depremler gibi etken ve aynı zamanda değişken durumlardan dolayı bir binayı etkileyen faktörlerde sıkça değişmektedir. Binaya etki eden faktörlerin değişmesi gibi bir binanın var olmasını anlamlandırma çabası da tarih boyunca farklı mimarlar ve farklı tasarımcılar tarafından hep değişmiştir. Farklı mimarlar bir binanın var olma süreçlerini; binanın yapım aşamaları, tasarım süreci bileşenleri, bina elde etme süreçleri olarak adlandırmışlardır. Süreç ve süreci etkileyen faktörler ne kadar değişirse değişsin değişmeyen tek sonuç bir binayı elde etme çabası olmuştur. Bu çabalar içerisinde tez kapsamında binayı var etme çabası binanın var oluş aşamaları adı altında 9 adımda toplanmıştır. Süreç dizisinin temelleri mimarlığın ilk gününden itibaren referans alınan beden ile ilişkilenmektedir. Nasıl ki her beden kendine özgün ve biricik bir yapıya sahip ise bina da insan bedeni gibi belirli oran ve ölçülerinden bağımsız olarak biricik bir üretimdir. Günümüzde yaygın olan 'Tip Proje' kavramı, her binanın aynı şekilde üretilmesine dayanarak özgünlükten uzaklaşmaktadır. Bu araştırma, bir binanın varoluş süreçlerini ve bu süreçleri etkileyen faktörleri inceleyerek, binaların özgün birer süreç ürünü olduğunu göstermeyi amaçlamaktadır. Tezde, bir binanın bedenle ilişkisi ve tarihsel süreçteki benzerlikleri incelenmiş, ardından bir binanın varoluşu için gerekli dokuz adım belirlenmiştir. Bunlar; İhtiyacın Ortaya Çıkması, İşin Alınması, Sözleşme, Tasarım Çalışmaları, Uygulama Projesi, Proje Ruhsat Alımı, Yapısal Üretim, İskân Alınması, Kullanım/ Kazanımlar olarak sıralanmıştır. Sonrasında bu süreçlere etki eden faktörler araştırılmaya başlanmıştır. Bu faktörler için beden üzerinden yapılan araştırma sonucu bulunan ve teze yön veren ''iç ve dış denge '' olarakda tanımlanabilecek ''iç algı'' ve ''dış algı'' kavramlarının bina üzerinde karşılığı aranmıştır. Bu bakış ile faktörlerin binaya dışarıdan etki eden bağlam, ekonomi, kültür, malzeme gibi çeşitli unsurlarken mimarın kimliği, kullanıcılar, binanın planlanma süreci ve bu süreçte rol alan kişiler gibi binaya içten etki eden faktörlerden de söz etmek olasıdır. Her bina üretiminin kendine özgü bir dinamik oluşturmasının yanı sıra etkilendiği içsel ve dışsal faktörler benzerlik gösterdiği gibi bu faktörlerin birbirleri üzerlerindeki farklı etkileride gözlemlenlenebildiği sonucuna varılarak bu faktörleri ve binanın var oluşunu görsel olarak anlatabilmek için ''binanın varoluş''aşamaları oluşturulmuştur. Ortaya çıkan çalışmayı değerlendirmek ve geliştirmek için 80 mimarın üretim sürecine dahil oldukları bir yapıyı seçmeleri ve oluşturulan ''binanın varoluş'' aşamaları dizisnde kendi üretimlerinin hangi faktörlerler ile nasıl ilişkilendirdiklerine dair bir anket çalışması yapılmıştır. Buradaki amaç binayı var eden mimarın bu süreçleri ve faktörleri nasıl değerlendirdiğini anlamak, varsa başka faktörleri keşfetmektir. Bu sayede bir binanın var eden ve sonrasında etkilendiği iç ve dış faktörleri araştırılıp, çözümlenip binaların varoluş süreçleri için süreci daha verimli kılabilecek bir yol ya da bir başka deyişle binanın anatomisi çıkarılmış olur. Ortaya çıkan Bina Anatomisi çalışması mimarlar ve bina üretim sürecinde rol alan aktörler için bir yol haritası, öğrenciler için süreci anlamaya yöneelik bir harita gibi çeşitli amaçlar için kullanılabilecek bir altlık görevi üstlenmektedir.Building production has historically followed similar practices, starting with receiving work, moving to projecting and concluding with the building's physical realization. While the steps remain consistent, the factors influencing building design have evolved due to changing construction techniques, advancements in technology, societal needs, socio-cultural dynamics, global epidemics, and natural disasters like earthquakes. Similarly, architects and designers have continually redefined the meaning of a building's existence, framing the process in terms of construction stages, design components, or acquisition phases. Despite these variations, the goal has consistently been the effort to create a building. This thesis identifies nine stages in the building creation process, starting with the emergence of a need and ending with user feedback. These stages are deeply connected to the body, which has been a fundamental reference in architectural production since its inception. Like the human body, each building possesses unique proportions and characteristics, making it a singular creation. This idea contrasts sharply with the 'Type Project' concept, which advocates uniformity in design and production. A building's individuality emerges through its existence stages and the factors influencing it. The research explores how buildings are shaped by these dynamics, emphasizing their uniqueness as outcomes of their processes. The relationship between the body and buildings was initially examined, revealing historical parallels. Through this investigation, nine essential stages of building creation were identified: Emergence of Need, Receiving the Work, Contract, Design Studies, Implementation Project, Obtaining Project Permit, Structural Production, Obtaining Occupancy, and Usage/Acquisitions. The factors influencing these stages were subsequently analyzed. Central to this study are the concepts of 'interoception' and 'exteroception'' derived from the body and described as 'internal and external balance.' External factors include context, economy, culture, and materials, while internal factors involve the architect's identity, user needs, planning processes, and the roles of those involved in production. While each building possesses unique dynamics, the interplay of these factors remains universal, shaping the building's development. To visualize this interplay, the 'building existence' stages were mapped out. To evaluate this framework, 80 architects were surveyed. Each selected a building they had contributed to and identified the factors influencing its production within the defined stages. This aimed to uncover how architects perceive these processes and identify additional factors. Through this analysis, the internal and external elements shaping buildings were examined, offering insights into optimizing building production processes. The study, titled 'Building Anatomy,' provides a roadmap for architects and stakeholders in construction. It also serves as a learning tool for students, offering a structured understanding of the processes and factors shaping architectural creation. By clarifying the dynamics influencing building production, this framework fosters a deeper understanding of the anatomy of buildings and the balance between internal and external factors
Measurements of Electroweak i>w/I>sup>± Boson Pair Production in Association With Two Jets in i>pp/I> Collisions at √i>s/I>=13 Tev With the Atlas Detector
No full textBianchi, Riccardo Maria/0000-0001-7345-7798; Grinstein, Sebastian/0000-0002-6460-8694; Walkowiak, Wolfgang/0000-0002-0385-3784; Leban, Blaz/0000-0003-1501-7262; Kock, Daniela/0000-0002-9090-5502; Villaplana Perez, Miguel/0000-0002-0048-4602; Genest, Marie-Helene/0000-0002-4098-2024; Nikolopoulos, Konstantinos/0000-0002-3048-489X; Mtintsilana, Onesimo/0000-0003-2168-4854; Dabrowski, Wladyslaw/0000-0001-9061-9568; Ghosh, Aishik/0000-0003-0819-1553; Shahinian, Jeffrey/0000-0002-1325-3432; , Alessandro/0000-0002-8224-6105; Oide, Hideyuki/0000-0002-2173-3233; Schultz-Coulon, Hans-Christian/0000-0002-0860-7240; Kumari, Neelam/0000-0001-9174-6200; Vormwald, Benedikt/0000-0003-2607-7287; Worm, Steven/0000-0002-3865-4996; Draguet, Maxence/0000-0003-1530-0519; Iakovidis, George/0000-0002-0330-5921; Solomon, Shalu/0000-0002-7378-4454; Sabatini, Paolo/0000-0003-0159-697X; Lin, Kuan-Yu/0000-0002-2269-3632; Suchy, Daniel/0009-0007-2966-1063; Simsek, Sinem/0000-0002-9650-3846; Todorova, Sarka/0000-0003-2433-231X; 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Kurchaninov, Leonid/0000-0001-9392-3936; Alexa, Calin/0000-0003-0922-7669; Merlassino, Claudia/0000-0002-5445-5938; Zhang, Zhicai/0000-0002-1630-0986; Redlinger, George/0000-0002-6437-9991; Strandberg, Jonas/0000-0002-8913-0981; Hansen, Peter Henrik/0000-0002-6764-4789; Durglishvili, Archil/0000-0003-4157-592X; Danninger, Matthias/0000-0002-7807-7484; SOUMAIMI, Zainab/0000-0002-8120-478X; Vermeulen, Jos/0000-0003-4378-5736; Tudorache, Alexandra/0000-0001-6307-1437; Martin-Haugh, Stewart/0000-0001-9457-1928; Delsart, Pierre-Antoine/0000-0002-9556-2924; LeBlanc, Matt/0000-0001-5977-6418; Kroninger, Kevin/0000-0001-9873-0228; Iuppa, Roberto/0000-0001-5038-2762; Nairz, Armin/0000-0003-3561-0880; Mondal, Santu/0000-0002-6965-7380; Walder, James/0000-0002-9039-8758; Liu, Minghui/0000-0003-0056-7296; Anisenkov, Alexey/0000-0002-7201-5936; Jimenez Pena, Javier/0000-0002-8705-628X; De Sanctis, Umberto/0000-0003-4704-525X; DA FONSECA PINTO, JOAO VICTOR/0000-0003-1746-1914; Dervan, Paul/0000-0003-3929-8046; 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Hadzic, Sejla/0000-0002-8875-8523; Keeler, Richard/0000-0002-0510-4189; Tu, Yanjun/0000-0002-5865-183X; Zorbas, Theodore Georgio/0000-0003-2073-4901; Fassi, Farida/0000-0002-6423-7213; Bassalat, Ahmed/0000-0002-0129-1423; Ellinghaus, Frank/0000-0003-3596-5331; Sommer, Philip/0000-0003-1703-7304; Heinrich, Jochen Jens/0000-0002-0253-0924; Moskalets, Tetiana/0000-0001-6508-3968; Beretta, Matteo Mario/0000-0002-7026-8171; Shi, Liaoshan/0000-0001-9532-5075; Olivares, Sebastian/0000-0003-4616-6973; Konstantinidis, Nikolaos/0000-0002-4140-6360; snyder, scott/0000-0001-8610-8423; Loeschcke Centeno, Gianna/0000-0001-7962-5334; Navarro Gonzalez, Josep/0000-0002-4172-7965; Gaudio, Gabriella/0000-0002-6833-0933; Cadamuro, Luca/0000-0001-8789-610X; Smirnov, Yury/0000-0002-2891-0781; Camarri, Paolo/0000-0002-5732-5645; Sawyer, Craig/0000-0002-2027-1428; Dova, Maria Teresa/0000-0001-6113-0878; Etzion, Erez/0000-0001-6871-7794; Cranmer, Kyle/0000-0002-5769-7094; Gonella, Laura/0000-0002-4919-0808; Wenaus, Torre/0000-0002-8678-893X; 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Katharina/0000-0002-5501-4640; Wu, Xin/0000-0001-7655-389X; Mogg, Philipp/0000-0003-2688-234X; Torro Pastor, Emma/0000-0002-5507-7924; Barreiro, Fernando/0000-0002-3021-0258; Vetterli, Michel/0000-0002-7223-2965; Kempster, Jacob/0000-0003-4168-3373; Mijovic, Liza/0000-0003-0162-2891; Sforza, Federico/0000-0002-4065-7352; Ezhilov, Alexey/0000-0002-7520-293X; Kiryunin, Andrey/0000-0001-7490-6890; Lie, Ki/0000-0002-5779-5989; Santra, Arka/0000-0003-4644-2579; Gauzzi, Paolo/0000-0003-4841-5822; Svatos, Michal/0000-0002-7199-3383; Kourkoumelis, Christine/0000-0003-0083-274X; Ezzarqtouni, Sanae/0000-0002-7912-2830; Alhroob, Muhammad/0000-0001-7569-7111; Hays, Chris/0000-0003-2371-9723; Schleicher, Katharina E./0000-0002-2917-7032; Fiorini, Luca/0000-0002-5070-2735; Cunha Sargedas Sousa, Mario Jose/0000-0001-7991-593X; Primavera, Margherita/0000-0002-6866-3818; Buckley, Andy/0000-0001-8355-9237; Klimek, Pawel/0000-0003-1661-6873; Novak, Tadej/0000-0002-3053-0913; Duckeck, Guenter/0000-0002-7756-7801; 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Sala, Alessandro/0000-0003-0824-7326; Keaveney, James/0000-0003-0766-5307; Castillo, Florencia Luciana/0000-0002-1172-1052; Benchekroun, Driss/0000-0001-5196-8327; chevalier, laurent/0000-0003-3762-7264; Leonidopoulos, Christos/0000-0002-7241-2114; Dinu, Ioan-Mihail/0000-0002-2683-7349; Ferrere, Didier/0000-0002-5687-9240; Allport, Philip/0000-0001-7303-2570; Pianori, Elisabetta/0000-0001-9233-5892; Leney, Katharine/0000-0002-1525-2695; Ebrahim, Abdualazem/0000-0002-5003-1919; Heinlein, James/0000-0001-6878-9405; Kuze, Masahiro/0000-0001-8858-8440; Lari, Tommaso/0000-0002-1388-869X; Zhou, Ning/0000-0002-1775-2511; Makovec, Nikola/0000-0001-5124-904X; Di Luca, Andrea/0000-0002-9074-2133; Bianco, Gianluca/0000-0003-4473-7242; Kar, Deepak/0000-0002-4238-9822; Bhattacharya, Deb Sankar/0000-0003-3837-4166; Giordani, Mario/0000-0002-0792-6039; Vos, Marcel/0000-0001-8474-5357; Reznicek, Pavel/0000-0003-4017-9829; Kumar, Mukesh/0000-0003-3681-1588; Hidaoui, Mourad/0000-0003-2025-6495; Roy, Avik/0000-0002-0116-1012; Francescato, Simone/0000-0001-5315-9275; Ahmadov, Faig/0000-0003-3644-540X; Kennedy, Philip David/0000-0002-8491-2570; Robson, Aidan/0000-0002-1659-8284; Carmignani, Joseph (Joe)/0000-0002-1705-1061; Panduro Vazquez, Jose Guillermo/0000-0003-2605-8940; Sawyer, Lee/0000-0001-8295-0605; Zhang, Zhuolin/0000-0002-7936-8419; Orestano, Domizia/0000-0001-5103-5527; Tlou, Humphry/0000-0002-4934-1661; Ali, Shahzad/0000-0001-5216-3133; Lester, Christopher Gorham/0000-0001-5770-4883; Leitgeb, Clara Elisabeth/0000-0002-0335-503X; Schoeffel, Laurent/0000-0002-8081-2353; Parajuli, Santosh/0000-0003-1499-3990; Marantis, Alexandros/0000-0002-7020-4098; Hopkins, Walter/0000-0001-7814-8740; Villa, Mauro/0000-0002-9181-8048; Czodrowski, Patrick/0000-0003-0723-1437; Zhang, Rui/0000-0002-8265-474X; Winklmeier, Frank/0000-0001-8290-3200; Usman, Muhammad/0000-0003-1950-0307; Ryzhov, Andrey/0000-0002-0623-7426; Jovicevic, Jelena/0000-0001-5650-4556; Sato, Koji/0000-0001-8988-4065; Ricci, Ester/0000-0002-4222-9976; 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Türkiye'de Terörizmin Tarihsel Sürekliliği ve D. Rapoport'un Modern Terörizmin Dört Dalgası Teorisi
No full textModern terörizm olgusu, uzun bir süredir hem dünyanın cari gündemini işgal etmiş, hem de akademik çalışma alanlarında öncelikli bir bölümü oluşturmuştur. Buna rağmen, kesin bir şekilde anlamlandırılamamış ve henüz tüm kişi ve kurumların üzerinde uzlaştığı bir tanımı yapılamamıştır. Bu durumun sebepleri bağlamında ise terörizm olgusunun anlamlandırılmasında tarihsel bakış açısı önem arz etmektedir. Bu noktada, bu tezin teorik olarak merkezini teşkil eden David C. Rapoport'un 'Modern Terörizmin Dört Dalgası Teorisi'nin önemi ön plana çıkmaktadır. D. Rapoport, terörizm olgusunu 'Dalga' metaforuyla incelerken kavramsal ve tarihsel boyutu bir araya getirmiştir. Türkiye de, Osmanlı Devleti'nin son döneminden günümüze değin terörizmin her türünün hedefi olmuştur. Bu bağlamda, bu tezde Türkiye'de terörizmin tarihsel sürekliliği D. Rapoport perspektifinden incelenerek, bir yandan Türkiye'de terörizmin tarihi kronolojinin ötesinde kavramsal bir zeminde ortaya konulmuş, diğer yandan da Teori, Türkiye örneği ile uyumlu olup olmadığı bağlamında karşılaştırılmıştır. Elde edilen bulgular kapsamında yapılan karşılaştırmada Teorinin Türkiye ile %62,5 oranında uyumlu olduğu sonucuna varılmıştır. Çalışmanın sırasıyla Giriş ve Araştırma Yöntemlerinin (vaka analizi ve tarihsel karşılaştırma) bulunduğu birinci ve ikinci bölümlerinin akabinde; üçüncü bölümünde, terörizm olgusu kavramsal biçimde ele alınmıştır. Dördüncü bölümde, 'Modern Terörizmin Dört Dalgası Teorisi' ile Teoriye yöneltilen eleştiriler incelenmiştir. Beşinci bölümde Türkiye'de terörizmin tarihsel sürekliliği D. Rapoport perspektifinden ortaya konulmuş, sonuç bölümünde ise elde edilen bulgular tartışılmıştır.The phenomenon of modern terrorism has both occupied the world's current agenda and constituted a priority area of academic study for a long time. Despite this, it has not yet been clearly understood and a definition agreed upon by all individuals and institutions has not yet been made. Regarding reasons for this situation, the historical perspective is important in making sense of the phenomenon of terrorism. At this point, the importance of David C. Rapoport's 'Four Waves of Modern Terrorism Theory', which constitutes the theoretical center of this thesis, comes to the fore. D. Rapoport combines conceptual and historical dimensions while analyzing the phenomenon of terrorism with the 'Wave' metaphor. Türkiye has been the target of all forms of terrorism since the last period of the Ottoman Empire. In this context, this thesis examines the historical continuity of terrorism in Türkiye from the perspective of D. Rapoport. On the one hand, the history of terrorism in Türkiye is presented on a conceptual basis beyond chronology, and on the other hand, the theory is compared in terms of whether it is compatible with the Türkiye case. In the comparison made within the scope of the findings obtained, it was concluded that the Theory is compatible with Türkiye at a rate of %62,5. Following the first and second chapters of the study, where the Introduction and Research Methods (case study analysis and comparative historical analysis) are presented respectively, in the third chapter, the phenomenon of terrorism is discussed conceptually. In the fourth chapter, the 'Four Waves of Modern Terrorism Theory' and the criticisms against it are analyzed. In the fifth chapter, the historical continuity of terrorism in Türkiye is presented from the perspective of D. Rapoport, and the findings are discussed in the conclusion
Medeni Usul Hukuku Pratik Çalışmaları
No full textTümüyle gözden geçirilmiş ve 7251 sayılı kanunu değişiklikleri doğrultusunda yenienmiş 22. baskı[No Abstract Available
Kriptografik Rastgele Sayı Üreteçleri için Sağlık Testleri
No full text15. Ankara Matematik Günleri (AMG) 2024Kriptografik protokollerde rastgele sayılar anahtar, parola, sistem parametresi ve maskeleme vektörleri gibi önemli görevlerde kullanılmaktadırlar. Genellikle, protokollerin algoritmalarının açıkça bilinmesi prensibine dayalı olarak, güvenlik bu algoritmaların gizli anahtarları ve parolalarına ba˘ glı olarak sa˘ glanmaktadır. Bu sebeple kullanılan sayı dizilerinin gerekli kriterleri sa˘ glamaları gerekmektedir. Kriptografik amaçlarla rastgele sayı dizileri rastgele sayı üreteçleri ile üretilmekte olup, bunlar gerçek rastgele sayı üreteçleri ve sözde rastgele sayı üreteçleri olmak üzere ikiye ayrılırlar. Gerçek rastgele sayı üreteçleri fiziksel bir gözleme dayalı olarak ölçüm sonuçları ile rastlantısal diziler üretirken, sözde rastgele sayı üreteci deterministik bir algoritma ile verilen ba¸slangıç dizilerini geni¸ sleterek sözde rastgele diziler üretir. Üreteçlerin çıktıları ve çalı¸sma mekanizlarının belirlenen kriterlere uygunlu˘ gu çe¸ sitli testler ile kontrol edilmektedir. Literatürde, rastgele sayı üreteçlerini de˘ gerlendirmeye yönelik tanımlanan istatistiksel rastgelelilik testleri, entropi belirleme yöntemleri ve sa˘ glık testleri mevcuttur, bunları kapsayan standart ve test paketlerinden yaygın olarak kullanılanlar DIEHARDER [1], NIST SP 800-90B [2], FIPS PUB 140-2 [3] ve AIS-20/AIS-31[4] olarak sıralanabilir. Bu çalı¸ smada gerçek rastgele sayı üreteçlerinin entropi kayna˘ gının çalı¸sma mekanizmasındaki bozulma, hata vb. durumlarını tespit edip, süreçteki bozulmalar için uyarı vermek amacı ile tasarlanan sa˘ glık testleri incelenmektedir. Sa˘ glık testleri istatistiksel modellere dayalı, üreteç ile e¸s zamanlı çalı¸ sması beklendi˘ gi için zaman karma¸sıklı˘ gı dü¸sük algoritmalar ile tasarlanması gereken testlerdir. Bu çalı¸ sma kapsamında kısa dizilerdeki da˘ gılımları tam olarak hesaplanan istatistiksel rastgelelik testleri belirlenmi¸ s ve bu rastgele de˘ gi¸skenler ile olu¸sturulmu¸s testler içeren bir de˘ gerlendirme paketi tanımlanmı¸ stır
Measurement of the Total and Differential Cross-Sections of T(t)over-Bar W Production in Pp Collisions at √s=13 Tev With the Atlas Detector
No full textMeasurements of inclusive and differential production cross-sections of a topquark-top-antiquark pair in association with a W boson (t (t) over bar W) are presented. They are performed by targeting final states with two same-sign or three isolated leptons (electrons or muons) and are based on root s = 13TeV proton-proton collision data with an integrated luminosity of 140 fb(-1), recorded from 2015 to 2018 with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The inclusive t (t) over bar W production cross-section is measured to be 880 +/- 80 fb, compared to a reference theoretical prediction of 745 +/- 50 (scale) +/- 13 (2-loop approx.) +/- 19 (PDF, alpha(s)) fb. Differential cross-section measurements characterise this process in detail for the first time. Several particle-level observables are compared with a variety of theoretical predictions, which generally agree well with the normalised differential cross-section results. Additionally, the relative charge asymmetry of t (t) over bar W+ and t (t) over bar W- is measured inclusively to be Arel C = 0.33 +/- 0.05, in very good agreement with the theoretical prediction of 0.322 +/- 0.003 (scale) +/- 0.007 (PDF), as well as differentially.ANPCyT, Australia; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, China; MOS, China; NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, France; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, Germany; HGF, Germany; MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC, China; Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT, Japan; JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF , Switzerland; Canton of Bern, Switzerland; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taipei; TENMAK, Turkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE, United States of America; DOE and NSF, United States of America; BCKDF, Canada; CANARIE, Canada; CRC, Canada; DRAC, Canada; PRIMUS, Czech Republic [21/SCI/017]; UNCE, Czech Republic [SCI/013]; COST, European Union; ERC, European Union; ERDF, European Union; Horizon 2020, European Union; ICSC-NextGenerationEU, European Union; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, France; Investissements d'Avenir Idex, France; ANR, France; DFG, Germany; AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos programme - EU-ESF, Greece; Thales programme - EU-ESF, Greece; Aristeia programme - EU-ESF, Greece; BSF-NSF, Israel; MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN, Poland; NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, Spain; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; PROMETEO Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; GenT Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; Royal Society, Leverhulme Trust; Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo [FONDECYT 1190886, FONDECYT 1210400]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC -12175119, NSFC 12275265]; EU: H2020 European Research Council [H2020-MSCA-IF-2020: HPOFHIC -10103]; European Union: European Research Council [ERC -948254]; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme [MUCCA -CHIST-ERA-19-XAI-00]; Italian Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing (ICSC, NextGenerationEU); Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (EU H2020 MSC IF GRANT) [101033496]; Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-20-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0022]; Investissements d'Avenir Idex [ANR-11-LABX-0012]; Investissements d'Avenir Labex [ANR-11-LABX-0012]; Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung (BW Stiftung-Postdoc Eliteprogramme); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG -CR 312/5-1]; Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (FELLINI) [754496]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science [JSPS KAKENHI 22H01227, JSPS KAKENHI JP21H05085, JSPS KAKENHI JP22H04944]; Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research [NWO Veni 2020 -VI.Veni.202.179]; Research Council of Norway [RCN-314472]; Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange [PPN/PPO/2020/1/00002/U/00001]; Polish National Science Centre [NCN 2021/42/E/ST2/00350, NCN UMO-2019/34/E/ST2/00393, UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/01043, UMO-2021/40/C/ST2/00187]; Slovenian Research Agency (ARIS grant) [J1-3010]; BBVA Foundation [LEO22-1-603]; Generalitat Valenciana (Artemisa, FEDER) [IDIFEDER/2018/048]; La Caixa Banking Foundation [LCF/BQ/PI20/11760025]; Ministry of Science and Innovation [RYC2019-028510-I, RYC2020-030254-I]; PROMETEO Programme Generalitat Valenciana [CIDEGENT/2019/023, CIDEGENT/2019/027]; GenT Programme Generalitat Valenciana [CIDEGENT/2019/023, CIDEGENT/2019/027]; Swedish Research Council [VR 2022-03845]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [KAW 2017.0100, KAW 2018.0157, KAW 2019.0447]; Swiss National Science Foundation [SNSF -PCEFP2_194658]; Leverhulme Trust [RPG-2020-004]; Neubauer Family Foundation; Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR) [ANR-20-CE31-0013, ANR-11-LABX-0012, ANR-21-CE31-0022] Funding Source: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR); Marie Curie Actions (MSCA) [101033496] Funding Source: Marie Curie Actions (MSCA); Swedish Research Council [2022-03845] Funding Source: Swedish Research CouncilThe crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF/SFU (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), RAL (U.K.) and BNL (U.S.A.), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in ref. [123]. We gratefully acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taipei; TENMAK, Turkiye; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. Individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and DRAC, Canada; PRIMUS 21/SCI/017 and UNCE SCI/013, Czech Republic; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, ICSC-NextGenerationEU and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and MINERVA, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. In addition, individual members wish to acknowledge support from Chile: Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (FONDECYT 1190886, FONDECYT 1210400); China: National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC -12175119, NSFC 12275265); EU: H2020 European Research Council (H2020-MSCA-IF-2020: HPOFHIC -10103); European Union: European Research Council (ERC -948254), Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (MUCCA -CHIST-ERA-19-XAI-00), Italian Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing (ICSC, NextGenerationEU), Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions (EU H2020 MSC IF GRANT NO 101033496); France: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-20-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0022), Investissements d'Avenir Idex (ANR-11-LABX-0012), Investissements d'Avenir Labex (ANR-11-LABX-0012); Germany: Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung (BW Stiftung-Postdoc Eliteprogramme), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG -CR 312/5-1); Italy: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (FELLINI G.A. n. 754496, ICSC, NextGenerationEU); Japan: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI 22H01227, JSPS KAKENHI JP21H05085, JSPS KAKENHI JP22H04944); Netherlands: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO Veni 2020 -VI.Veni.202.179); Norway: Research Council of Norway (RCN-314472); Poland: Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (PPN/PPO/2020/1/00002/U/00001), Polish National Science Centre (NCN 2021/42/E/ST2/00350, NCN UMO-2019/34/E/ST2/00393, UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/01043, UMO-2021/40/C/ST2/00187); Slovenia: Slovenian Research Agency (ARIS grant J1-3010); Spain: BBVA Foundation (LEO22-1-603), Generalitat Valenciana (Artemisa, FEDER, IDIFEDER/2018/048), La Caixa Banking Foundation (LCF/BQ/PI20/11760025), Ministry of Science and Innovation (RYC2019-028510-I, RYC2020-030254-I), PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana (CIDEGENT/2019/023, CIDEGENT/2019/027); Sweden: Swedish Research Council (VR 2022-03845), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2017.0100, KAW 2018.0157, KAW 2019.0447); Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF -PCEFP2_194658); United Kingdom: Leverhulme Trust (Leverhulme Trust RPG-2020-004); United States of America: Neubauer Family Foundation
Strategies To Prepare 2d Mxenes
No full textMXenes have rapidly become a key focus in contemporary materials research, particularly because of their unique structural and electrical properties since their discovery. Consequently, they find application across various domains such as supercapacitors, batteries, and hydrogen storage. However, a significant challenge lies in optimizing existing methodologies or devising novel ones to enable high-quality, cost-effective, and scalable production, thereby broadening their potential applications. This section delves into the diverse range of top-down and bottom-up approaches employed for the production of 2D MXenes today. In addition to conventional wet-chemical synthesis methods, it elucidates innovative techniques like halogen etching, thermal reduction, UV-induced selective etching, and algae extraction, which have surfaced in recent years. Furthermore, it provides intricate insights into the optimization of process parameters within the chemical vapor deposition method utilized for synthesizing 2D MXenes. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Singapore Pte Ltd. 2024
Anatomical Insights on the Cervical Nerve for Contemporary Face and Neck Lifting: a Cadaveric Study
No full textBackground Despite the significant roles it plays in the functions of the platysma and lower lip, the cervical branch of the facial nerve is often overlooked compared to other branches, but its consideration is critical for ensuring the safety of neck surgeries.Objectives The aim of this study was to clarify the anatomical discrepancies associated with the cervical branch of the facial nerve to enhance surgical safety.Methods The study utilized 20 fresh-frozen hemiheads. A 2-stage surgical procedure was employed, beginning with an initial deep-plane facelift including extensive neck dissection, followed by a superficial parotidectomy on fresh-frozen cadavers. This approach allowed for a thorough exploration and mapping of the cervical nerve in relation to its surrounding anatomical structures.Results Upon exiting the parotid gland, the cervical nerve consistently traveled beneath the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia for a brief distance, traversing the deep fascia to travel within the areolar connective tissue before terminating anteriorly in the platysma muscle. A single branch was observed in 2 cases, while 2 branches were noted in 18 cases.Conclusions The cervical nerve's relatively deeper position below the mandible's angle facilitates a safer subplatysmal dissection via a lateral approach for the release of the cervical retaining ligaments. Due to the absence of a protective barrier, the nerve is more susceptible to injuries from direct trauma or thermal damage caused by electrocautery, especially during median approaches
Statistical Combination of Atlas Run 2 Searches for Charginos and Neutralinos at the Lhc
No full textStatistical combinations of searches for charginos and neutralinos using various decay channels are performed using Formula Presented of Formula Presented collision data at Formula Presented with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Searches targeting pure-wino chargino pair production, pure-wino chargino-neutralino production, or Higgsino production decaying via standard model Formula Presented, Formula Presented, or Formula Presented bosons are combined to extend the mass reach to the produced supersymmetric particles by 30-100 GeV. The depth of the sensitivity of the original searches is also improved by the combinations, lowering the 95% C.L. cross-section upper limits by 15%-40%. © 2024 CERN, for the ATLAS Collaboration.BSF-NSF; Australian Research Council, ARC; DRAC; La Caixa Banking Foundation; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, CNRST; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT; European Union, Future Artificial Intelligence Research; Investissements d’Avenir Labex; Cooperative Research Centres, Australian Government Department of Industry, CRCs; National Science Foundation, NSF; CEA-DRF; Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC; Horizon 2020, ICSC-NextGenerationEU; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA; HORIZON EUROPE Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA; INFN-CNAF; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, MOST; Israel Science Foundation, ISF; Wallenberg Foundation; Leverhulme Trust; Baden-Württemberg Stiftung, BWS; PROMETEO; Neubauer Family Foundation, NFF; Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation, SBFI; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS, ARRS; Generalitat de Catalunya; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft, BMWFW; Austrian Science Fund, FWF; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, DNRF; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT; Canarie; GridKA; Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, H2020; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelser; MIZŠ; European Commission, EC; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja, MPNTR; European Cooperation in Science and Technology, COST; EU-ESF; International Council of Shopping Centers, ICSC; RGC; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP; Institutul de Fizică Atomică, IFA; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, NSERC; Nella and Leon Benoziyo Center for Neurological Diseases, Weizmann Institute of Science; GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Irish Rugby Football Union, IRFU; Cantons of Bern and Geneva; Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Defence Science Institute, DSI; MNE; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, ANPCyT; Royal Society; Minerva Foundation; National Research Foundation, NRF; Generalitat Valenciana, GVA; CERN; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT; National Research Council Canada, NRC; Brookhaven National Laboratory, BNL; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, AvH; Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation, MSSRF; Caring Futures Institute, Flinders University, CFI; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, BCKDF; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT; European Research Council, ERC, (948254); European Research Council, ERC; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG, (DFG—CR 312/5-1); Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG; CERN-CZ, (21/SCI/017); Narodowe Centrum Nauki, NCN, (UMO-2019/34/E/ST2/00393, 2022/47/B/ST2/03059, UMO-2021/40/C/ST2/00187, UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/01043, 2021/42/E/ST2/00350); Narodowe Centrum Nauki, NCN; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, NAWA, (PPN/PPO/2020/1/00002/U/00001); Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, NAWA; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR, (ANR-20-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0013, ANR-11-LABX-0012, ANR-21-CE31-0022); Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR; NDGF, (CC-IN2P3); Fundación BBVA, FBBVA, (LEO22-1-603); Fundación BBVA, FBBVA; National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC, (12275265, NSFC—12175119, PRIMUS/21/SCI/017, NSFC-12075060); National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC; GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, (CIDEGENT/2019/027, CIDEGENT/2019/023); DNSRC, (IN2P3-CNRS); Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN, (754496); Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS, (JP21H05085, JP22H04944, JP22H01227); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS; MUCCA, (CHIST-ERA-19-XAI-00); Norges Forskningsråd, (RCN-314472); Norges Forskningsråd; Norwegian Financial Mechanism, (2014-2021); Center for Advancing Research Impact in Society, ARIS, (J1-3010); Center for Advancing Research Impact in Society, ARIS; FAIR-NextGenerationEU, (PE00000013); European Regional Development Fund, ERDF, (IDIFEDER/2018/048, LCF/BQ/PI20/11760025); European Regional Development Fund, ERDF; UNCE, (SCI/013); Vetenskapsrådet, VR, (VR 2022-03845, VR 2022-04683, VR 2018-00482, 2021-03651); Vetenskapsrådet, VR; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF, (RPG-2020-004, SNSF—PCEFP2_194658); Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF; Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT, (1230987, 1210400, 1190886, 1230812); Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Científico y Tecnológico, FONDECYT; U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE, (ECA DE-AC02-76SF00515); U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE; Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse, (KAW 2017.0100, KAW 2018.0157, KAW 2018.0458, KAW 2019.0447); Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MCIN, (RYC2022-038164-I, PID2021-125273NB, PCI2022-135018-2, RYC2019-028510-I, RYC2021-031273-I, RYC2020-030254-I); Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MCIN; H2020 MSC, (101033496