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Ethical Reasoning Methodology
No full textThis section is on methodology of ethical reasoning, providing a detailed definition of the methods employed in psychiatry ethics. The prevailing approach in clinical ethics is the principle-based approach, whereby nearly every ethical problem is approached through this methodology. The principle-based approach is undeniably useful, practical, and widely accepted, particularly in the context of research ethics involving human subjects. However, relying only on the principle-based approach falls short in addressing the complexities and dilemmas arising within the realm of clinical ethics. This limited approach frequently undermines the consideration of inherent moral values of the physician-patient relationship, such as trust, fidelity, veracity, trustworthiness, confidentiality, and privacy, thus steering toward mechanical solutions that are incongruent with the art of medicine. Therefore, it is important to incorporate other ethical analysis methodologies while adressing the complex and interwoven multifaceted ethical issues and dilemmas in clinical ethics. This chapter on methodology explains normative ethical theories and contemporary approaches that have been found to be functional and successful in psychiatric ethics and have rapidly gained prominence such as the hermeneutic approach. In this chapter, these traditional and contemporary methodologies are introduced together with their philosophical frameworks, providing the reader with a comprehensive perspective on how these methods can be applied to solving ethical issues in the clinical settings. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024
The Impact of Nonunique Residual Tractions on the Nonlinear Dynamics of Jointed Structures: Probabilistic Perspectives
No full textThe nonuniqueness of residual tractions is an epistemic uncertainty that can lead to significant variability in the dynamic behavior of friction-damped structures. While numerous studies have addressed this phenomenon with deterministic perspectives, probabilistic approaches have never been considered in its consideration. In this study, we treat the nonuniqueness of residual tractions as a source of stochastic uncertainty and use a probabilistic approach, namely polynomial chaos expansion, to investigate its influence on the variability of dynamics of friction-damped structures. A planar three-mass oscillator representing a simplified model of two adjacent blades with an underplatform damper is employed as a numerical benchmark for the study. The uncertainty is first quantified on the amplitude-dependent modal parameters, and it is then propagated to forced response for a given harmonic excitation level with the closed-form expression governing the amplitude-frequency curves. The outputs are also parameterized by uncertain contact parameters, i.e., coefficient of friction and contact stiffness, to compare which parameter exerts a greater impact on the observed variability in the system's behavior. The results indicate that in fully stuck and gross slip regimes, the response variability is dominated by variances in contact stiffnesses, but in the partial slip regime, the influence of nonunique residual tractions exhibits a pronounced dominance
Robust Point Tracking Based on Image Matching and Machine Learning on Video Images Taken From Fast Moving Camera
No full textRecently, providing real-time navigation of unmanned aerial vehicles independent of global positioning systems has become of great importance. The state-of-the-art methods based on deep learning, which give good results in certain datasets, and the existing methods can not provide real-time and good solutions on images with dynamic and fast moving. Moreover, the methods, were developed so far, were focused on object-based tracking algorithms. In this paper, the tracking of the points belonging to the target pattern, found by image matching, was performed with the machine learning model we developed for 10 sequential video images. The features extracted for the machine learning model are: (i) the change between the points of the previous image and the image before that, (ii) the points of interest in the previous image, (iii) the changes found with the homography matrix between sequential images. It was experimentally shown that, point tracking can be achieved with the least error, on avarage about 23 pixels for a 2 mega-pixel resolution image, among the algorithms in the literature that can process more than 30 images per second in a CPU environment of 2 GHz or above
Analytical Modeling Methods in Machining: a State of the Art on Application, Recent Challenges, and Future Trends
No full textInformation technology applications are crucial to the proper utilization of manufacturing equipment in the new industrial age, i.e., Industry 4.0. There are certain fundamental conditions that users must meet to adapt the manufacturing processes to Industry 4.0. For this, as in the past, there is a major need for modeling and simulation tools in this industrial age. In the creation of industry-driven predictive models for machining processes, substantial progress has recently been made. This paper includes a comprehensive review of predictive performance models for machining (particularly analytical models), as well as a list of existing models' strengths and drawbacks. It contains a review of available modeling tools, as well as their usability and/or limits in the monitoring of industrial machining operations. The goal of process models is to forecast principal variables such as stress, strain, force, and temperature. These factors, however, should be connected to performance outcomes, i.e., product quality and manufacturing efficiency, to be valuable to the industry (dimensional accuracy, surface quality, surface integrity, tool life, energy consumption, etc.). Industry adoption of cutting models depends on a model's ability to make this connection and predict the performance of process outputs. Therefore, this review article organizes and summarizes a variety of critical research themes connected to well-established analytical models for machining processes. © The Author(s) 2024.Polısh Natıonal Agency For Academıc Exchange; Norwegian Financial Mechanism, (2020/37/K/ST8/02795); Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, NAWA, (PPN/ULM/2020/1/00121); Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, NAW
Semiotic Analysis of Mosque Typology: Case of the Grand National Assembly (tbmm) Mosque
No full textMosques are religious structures that hold significant importance in the daily lives of Muslim societies, shaping the social way of life by influencing it. There have been modifications to the structures in terms of technology, social life, and culture since the acceptance of Islam. The typology of mosques we are accustomed to today is based on conventional forms that have been kneaded through various cultural and religious stages, formed by our traditions and social lives. Although limited in number, there are also modern adaptations. The study’s objective is to use semiotic analysis to read the modern mosque typologies in the context of structure, interior space, and equipment and to discover the semantic relationships in the mosque. The TBMM Mosque was selected as a case of the research in terms of its interior elements. The architectural shell and the worship space have been analyzed as a whole in terms of both Islamic philosophy and the reflection of this philosophy on mosques. Document analysis and participant observation were used as data collection in the case study on the TBMM Mosque, and semiotic analysis was used to assess the data. In this context, traditional mosque structures were examined, and the role of semiotics in architecture was explored. In light of the information given and the observations made, the case was analyzed using the semiotics method. The intended outcome is to draw attention to the functional and semantic contributions of the modern adaptation examined and to demonstrate that the architecture can be read. This study tries to understand whether the semantic and religious infrastructure that takes place in the traditional mosque typology is included in modern mosque adaptations. © 2024, Nilay OZSAVAS ULUCAY. All rights reserved
Improving Topological Cluster Reconstruction Using Calorimeter Cell Timing in Atlas
No full textClusters of topologically connected calorimeter cells around cells with large absolute signal-to-noise ratio (topo-clusters) are the basis for calorimeter signal reconstruction in the ATLAS experiment. Topological cell clustering has proven performant in LHC Runs 1 and 2. It is, however, susceptible to out-of-time pile-up of signals from soft collisions outside the 25 ns proton-bunch-crossing window associated with the event’s hard collision. To reduce this effect, a calorimeter-cell timing criterion was added to the signal-to-noise ratio requirement in the clustering algorithm. Multiple versions of this criterion were tested by reconstructing hadronic signals in simulated events and Run 2 ATLAS data. The preferred version is found to reduce the out-of-time pile-up jet multiplicity by ∼50% for jet pT∼20 GeV and by ∼80% for jet pT≳50 GeV, while not disrupting the reconstruction of hadronic signals of interest, and improving the jet energy resolution by up to 5% for 20pT30 GeV. Pile-up is also suppressed for other physics objects based on topo-clusters (electrons, photons, τ-leptons), reducing the overall event size on disk by about 6% in early Run 3 pile-up conditions. Offline reconstruction for Run 3 includes the timing requirement. © The Author(s) 2024.BSF-NSF; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR; Australian Research Council, ARC; La Caixa Banking Foundation; Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique et Technique, CNRST; Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, FCT; Narodowe Centrum Nauki, NCN; National Science Foundation, NSF; Norwegian Financial Mechanism; CEA-DRF; Science and Technology Facilities Council, STFC; Horizon 2020, ICSC-NextGenerationEU; H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions, MSCA; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, JSPS; INFN-CNAF; Nederlandse Organisatie voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, NWO; Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, MCIN; Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan, MOST; Israel Science Foundation, ISF; Wallenberg Foundation; Leverhulme Trust; PROMETEO; Staatssekretariat für Bildung, Forschung und Innovation, SBFI; Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS, ARRS; Generalitat de Catalunya; Instituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, INFN; Bundesministerium für Wissenschaft, Forschung und Wirtschaft, BMWFW; Austrian Science Fund, FWF; Narodowa Agencja Wymiany Akademickiej, NAWA; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo, ANID; Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF; Canada Foundation for Innovation, CFI; Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, HGF; Danmarks Grundforskningsfond, DNRF; Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico, CNPq; Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, KIT; Canarie; GridKA; Göran Gustafssons Stiftelser; MIZŠ; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFG; Ministarstvo Prosvete, Nauke i Tehnološkog Razvoja, MPNTR; U.S. Department of Energy, USDOE; European Cooperation in Science and Technology, COST; EU-ESF; RGC; Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo, FAPESP; Institutul de Fizică Atomică, IFA; Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, NSERC; Nella and Leon Benoziyo Center for Neurological Diseases, Weizmann Institute of Science; GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Irish Rugby Football Union, IRFU; Cantons of Bern and Geneva; Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS; Defence Science Institute, DSI; Schweizerischer Nationalfonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung, SNF; CRC Health Group, CRC; MNE; Agencia Nacional de Promoción Científica y Tecnológica, ANPCyT; Royal Society; Minerva Foundation; European Research Council, ERC; National Research Foundation, NRF; European Regional Development Fund, ERDF; CERN; Ministerstvo Školství, Mládeže a Tělovýchovy, MŠMT; National Research Council Canada, NRC; Brookhaven National Laboratory, BNL; Alexander von Humboldt-Stiftung, AvH; Multiple Sclerosis Scientific Research Foundation, MSSRF; British Columbia Knowledge Development Fund, BCKDF; Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology, MEXT; National Natural Science Foundation of China, NSFC; DNSRC, (IN2P3-CNRS); DRAC, (21/SCI/017); UNCE, (SCI/013); NDGF, (CC-IN2P3
Relative Income Concerns and Smoking Behaviour: the Role of Unobserved Heterogeneity
No full textStatus or relative concerns (as in the idiom ‘keeping up with the Joneses’) can lead to negative feelings such as stress and anxiety. One key question is whether these concerns relate to daily smoking behaviour. The conjecture is that status concerns and the accompanying stress and anxiety might be associated with a higher likelihood of smoking and a higher number of cigarettes smoked, generating a higher instant physical reward and reducing the stress and anxiety. The literature aiming to identify this relationship focuses mostly on a single cross section of individuals, ignoring potential differences in unobserved characteristics of smokers and non-smokers (e.g., genetic factors, personality differences, parental smoking during childhood). This paper investigates the role of unobserved individual characteristics on this relationship, which has not been done in previous studies. Using a long panel data of smoking information in Germany and a variety of panel data model specifications, we show that there is no statistically significant association between relative income concerns and the likelihood of smoking or the number of cigarettes smoked among the overall population. We find a positive and significant relationship only among people who smoked at least one cigarette in the past. A 10% appreciation in the income of comparable other individuals relates to about 3.5 more cigarettes per month among these people. Importantly, failing to allow for the unobserved influences of smoking leads to three times larger estimates than when using models with unobserved factors correlating to the income and smoking behaviour. The results are robust with respect to alternative assumptions and specifications where we use different functional forms of unobserved heterogeneity, definitions of relative concerns, incomes, and reference groups. © 2024 Public Library of Science. All rights reserved
Comparison of Glidesheath Slender and Subcutaneous Nitrate Administration in Terms of Radial Artery Complications: a Retrospective Single-Center Experience
No full textObjectives: The transradial route is used in most coronary procedures today. Although this method seems to be advantageous in terms of bleeding complications and patient comfort, the small radial artery diameter brings with it complications such as radial artery spasm and occlusion. It has been demonstrated in previous studies that subcutaneous nitrate administration dilates the radial artery. The Glidesheath Slender, which has a thinner outer wall than conventional sheaths, is another method that has been shown to reduce complications by reducing friction on the radial artery wall. Our aim was to compare these two methods in terms of complications. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients with complete clinical and radial Doppler ultrasound records who had undergone transradial interventions. We compared procedures using subcutaneous nitrate application plus conventional sheaths with procedures using the Glidesheath Slender sheath in terms of procedural and postprocedural complications. Results: Eighty-seven patients in the subcutaneous nitrate group and 35 patients in the Glidesheath Slender group were included in the study. There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of procedural and postprocedural complications (p = 0.511 and p = 0.333, respectively). Conclusions: In cases where a thin-walled sheath such as a Glidesheath Slender is not available, subcutaneous nitrate administration seems to be similar, especially in terms of preventing radial artery spasm. © 2024, Republic of China Society of Cardiology. All rights reserved
Denoising Autoencoder-Driven Direction-Of Estimation With V-Shaped Coprime Antenna Array
No full text15th European Conference on Synthetic Aperture Radar, EUSAR 2024 -- 23 April 2024 through 26 April 2024 -- 199491High-resolution Direction of Arrival estimation is critical in radar-based target detection, particularly with limited snapshots. Our approach utilizes efficient computational techniques for precise 2D-paired-DOA estimation, employing a sparsely arranged V-shaped coprime array for its sensor element efficiency. To enhance reliability under low snapshot conditions, we integrate a Denoising Autoencoder to correct errors from noise and snapshot limitations. Subsequently, the DAE's output is fed into an SS-MUSIC algorithm, yielding an impressive over 80 percent DOA estimation accuracy improvement. This method offers a robust solution for high-resolution DOA estimation in scenarios constrained by limited snapshots. © VDE VERLAG GMBH ∙ Berlin ∙ Offenbach
