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A New Breakthrough Neuromodulation Method: Electro-Ionıc Modulation (eim)
No full text[No Abstract Available]Thisworkwas supportedby The Scientific and TechnologicalResearchCouncilofTurkey(TUBITAK)113S081grant
Türk Hukukunda Seçme Hakkının Mahkumiyete Bağlı Olarak Sınırlandırılmasına İlişkin Sorunlar
No full textThe right to vote is one of the most fundamental, yet slowest, elements of the journey to democracy. It is the internal contradiction of civilization that it was able to reach the principle of universal suffrage so late, while so much progress has been made in every field in the world. Today, it is not difficult to explain that criteria such as wealth, ethnicity, gender – although they have been applied until recently – are outdated in terms of restricting the right to vote. However, the fact that a person sentenced to prison for committing a criminal act cannot exercise his or her right to vote is a limitation that is still in effect, even though it is based on a similar discriminatory basis, which is incompatible with the contemporary understanding of punishment. In this study, the issue of felony disenfranchisement in Turkish law has been critically analyzed by focusing the problems in legislation and practice, referring to the decisions of the European Court of Human Rights.Oy hakkı, demokrasi yolculuğunun en temel ama en yavaş gelişen unsurlarından biridir. Dünyadaki her alanda bunca ilerleme kaydedilmişken genel oy esasına bu kadar geç ulaşabilmiş olması, medeniyetin iç çelişkisidir. Günümüzde servet, etnik köken, cinsiyet gibi ölçütlerin -her ne kadar yakın dönemlere değin uygulanagelmişse de- oy hakkının kısıtlanması bakımından çağ dışı olduğunu açıklamak zor değildir. Ancak suç sayılan bir eylemi gerçekleştirdiği için hapis cezası alan bir kimsenin aktif oy hakkını, yani seçme hakkını kullanamaması, esasında çağdaş cezalandırma anlayışıyla bağdaşmayan, benzer bir ayrımcı temele dayanıyor olsa da, dünyada ve ülkemizde hala uygulanmakta olan bir sınırlamadır. Bu çalışmada, Türk hukukunda ceza mahkumiyetine bağlı olan seçme hakkından yoksunluk meselesi, mevzuat ve uygulamadaki sorunları merkeze alarak, Avrupa İnsan Hakları Mahkemesi kararlarından yararlanmak suretiyle ve eleştirel bir yaklaşımla incelenmiştir
Search for Neutral Long-Lived Particles in Pp Collisions at Root S = 13 Tev That Decay Into Displaced Hadronic Jets in the Atlas Calorimeter
No full textA search for decays of pair-produced neutral long-lived particles (LLPs) is presented using 139 fb(-1) of proton-proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2015-2018 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. Dedicated techniques were developed for the reconstruction of displaced jets produced by LLPs decaying hadronically in the ATLAS hadronic calorimeter. Two search regions are defined for different LLP kinematic regimes. The observed numbers of events are consistent with the expected background, and limits for several benchmark signals are determined. For a SM Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV, branching ratios above 10% are excluded at 95% confidence level for values of c times LLP mean proper lifetime in the range between 20 mm and 10 m depending on the model. Upper limits are also set on the cross-section times branching ratio for scalars with a mass of 60 GeV and for masses between 200 GeV and 1 Tev.ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, China; MOST, China; NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, France; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, Germany; HGF, Germany; MPG, Germany; INFN, Italy; MEXT, Japan; JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; JINR; MES of Russia, Russian Federation; NRC KI, Russian Federation; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF, Switzerland; Canton of Bern, Switzerland; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE, United States of America; NSF, United States of America; BCKDF, Canada; CANARIE, Canada; Compute Canada, Canada; CRC, Canada; COST, European Union; ERC, European Union; ERDF, European Union; Horizon 2020, European Union; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, France; Investissements d'Avenir Idex, France; ANR, France; DFG, Germany; AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos programme - EU-ESF, Greece; Thales programme - EU-ESF, Greece; Aristeia programme - EU-ESF, Greece; Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF, Israel; GIF, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN, Poland; NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, Spain; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; PROMETEO Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; GenT Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; Royal Society, United Kingdom; Leverhulme Trust, United KingdomWe acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; JINR; MES of Russia and NRC KI, Russian Federation; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; Norwegian Financial Mechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom
Multilevel Memetic Hypergraph Partitioning With Greedy Recombination
No full textACM SIGEVO2022 Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, GECCO 2022 -- 9 July 2022 through 13 July 2022 -- -- 181031The Hypergraph Partitioning (HGP) problem is a well-studied problem that finds applications in a variety of domains. In several application domains, such as the VLSI design and database migration planning, the quality of the solution is more of a concern than the running time of the algorithm. In this work, we introduce novel problem-specific recombination and mutation operators and develop a new multilevel memetic algorithm by combining these operators with kKaHyPar-E. The performance of our algorithm is compared with the state-of-the-art HGP algorithms on 150 real-life instances taken from the benchmark sets used in the literature. The experiments reveal that our algorithm outperforms all others, and finds the best solutions in 112, 115, and 125 instances in 2, 4, and 8 hours, respectively. © 2022 Owner/Author
Akıllı Şebekelerde Kablosuz Algılayıcı Ağların Optimal Kullanım Planlarının Geliştirilmesi
No full textWireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are an enabling technology for both Smart Grid (SG) and Internet of Things (IoT) applications, like many other fields, due to their low cost and ease of installation, as well as the advanced communication capabilities they offer. Self-sustaining SGs, which allow two-way data communication between their components, are proposed as a remedy for the shortcomings of the conventional electrical grid. In this framework, it is critical to design energy efficient communication protocols to achieve a long network lifetime while maintaining the desired coverage level. In this thesis, we consider the scenario where the transmission paths are re-adapted to topology changes as long as the current set of sensors with positive residual energy ensures the required coverage level and connectivity to the base station. To this end, we propose a novel 0-1 mixed integer programming (MIP) model and two alternative 0-1 MIP models that optimize network behavior in unit time decomposition with an emphasis on energy consumption. The study is unique since topology adaptation due to energy depletion is managed within a holistic solution framework based on optimization methods. To this end, we avoid the traditional network lifetime metric, the time until the First Sensor Dies - FSD, and allow the WSN to operate optimally as long as a predetermined coverage level and connectivity to the BS can be maintahed with the remaining sensors. Accordingly, we observe that network lifetime can be increased significantly even after a one-time reorganization. Besided, we also analyzed how the solutions of the proposed models differ in terms of network lifetime and the ensured coverage level. As a side contribution, for the classical one-period problem, we emprically show that maximizing the time until the first sensor dies is equivalent to minimizing the energy consumption of the most energy consuming sensor, which is not necessarily true in the case of any topology change. Hence, the study provides a practical tool to determine the theoretical upper bound on the network lifetime with coverage and connectivity-based QoS requirements. SGs, smart transportation, smart homes, smart health, and smart monitoring/imaging applications are all based on the smarter use of sensors, which have been in our lives for many years. Thanks to sensors, the common vision of all these systems come together under the roof of IoT. Characteristic IoT quality of service requirements, based on criteria such as connectivity, coverage, and low latency, are mainly related to delay and network lifetime, and they can be tailored to the needs of the specific application area. Since they trade-off with each other, it is critical to balance them in order to develop quality designs in many respects. Therefore, it is meaningful to consider the effective WSN design problem from a multi-objective perspective considering coverage. In the second part of the thesis, we propose a 0-1 MIP based two-stage solution approach. For this purpose, we develop three different models, emphasizing maximum latency, average latency, and maximum energy consumption. Moreover, we examine the trade-off between network lifetime, data latency, and coverage. Therefore, we provide insight into the requirements of the different application areas.Kablosuz Algılayıcı Ağlar (KAA'lar) düşük maliyetleri ve kurulum kolaylıkları ile birlikte sundukları gelişmiş iletişim yetenekleri sayesinde diğer pek çok alan gibi, hem Akıllı Şebeke (İng. Smart Grid – SG) hem Nesnelerin İnterneti (İng. Internet of Things – IoT) uygulamaları için önemli bir teknoloji olarak görülmektedirler. Bileşenleri arasında iki yönlü veri iletişimine olanak sağlayan, kendi kendini idare edebilen SG'ler geleneksel elektrik şebekesinin eksikliklerine bir çare olarak önerilmektedir. Bu çerçevede, istenen kapsama seviyesini korurken, uzun bir ağ ömrü elde etmek için enerji verimli iletişim protokolleri tasarlamak büyük önem arz etmektedir. Tez kapsamında öncelikle, herhangi bir anda sistemde canlı olarak bulunan sensör kümesi ile gerekli kapsama seviyesi ve baz istasyonuna (BS'ye) bağlantılılık sağlanabildiği sürece iletim yollarının topoloji değişikliklerine yeniden uyarlandığı bir senaryo incelenmektedir. Özgün bir 0-1 karma tamsayılı programlama (İng. Mixed Integer Programming – MIP) modeli önerilmekte ve enerji tüketimi vurgusu ile birlikte birim zaman ayrıştırmasında ağ davranışını optimize eden iki alternatif 0-1 MIP modeli sunulmaktadır. Çalışma, optimizasyon yöntemlerine dayalı bütünsel bir çözüm çerçevesinde, enerji tükenmesi nedeniyle topoloji adaptasyonu içermesi açısından benzersizdir. Geleneksel bir ağ ömrü metriği olan ilk sensör ölünceye kadar geçen süre yerine önceden belirlenmiş kapsama seviyesi ve hayatta olan sensörlerle BS'ye bağlantı sağlanabildiği sürece KAA'nın optimal şekilde çalışmaya devam etmesine izin verilmekte ve tek seferlik bir yeniden düzenlemeden sonra bile ağ ömrünün önemli ölçüde artırılabileceği gözlemlenmektedir. Ayrıca, önerilen modellerin çözümlerinin ağ ömrü ve kapsama seviyesi açısından nasıl farklılık gösterdiği analiz edilmektedir. Bir yan katkı olarak, klasik tek periyotlu problem için; ilk sensör ölene kadar geçen sürenin (İng. First Sensor Dies – FSD) maksimize edilmesinin, en çok enerji harcayan sensörün enerji tüketimini minimize etmeye eşdeğer olduğu gösterilmektedir ki bu durum herhangi bir topoloji değişikliği durumunda doğru olmak mecburiyetinde değildir. Bu bağlamda, gerçekleştirilen çalışma ile kapsama ve bağlantı tabanlı hizmet kalitesi gereksinimleri altında, ağ ömrü için teorik üst sınır belirlemek amacıyla pratik bir araç sağlanmaktadır. SG, akıllı ulaşım, akıllı evler, akıllı sağlık, akıllı izleme/görüntüleme uygulamalarının hepsi temelde uzun yıllardır hayatımızda olan sensörlerin daha akıllı kullanımına dayanmaktadır. Tüm bu sistemlerin ortak vizyonu sensörler sayesinde IoT çatısı altında bir araya gelmektedir. IoT uygulamaları; bağlantılılık, kapsama, düşük gecikme süreleri vb. başlıkları altında gruplandırılabilen ve uygulama alanının ihtiyaçları doğrultusunda şekillenmiş karakteristik hizmet kalitesi gereksinimlerine sahiptir. İlk bakışta bu gereksinimler; gecikme ve ağ ömrü ile ilgili hizmet kalitesi beklentileri olarak karşımıza çıkmaktadır. Bu ölçütler doğaları gereği birbirleriyle ödünleşim içerisinde olduğundan aralarında bir denge kurulması pek çok açıdan kaliteli tasarımların yapılabilmesi için önem arz etmektedir. Dolayısıyla da etkin KAA tasarımı probleminin çok amaçlı perspektiften ve kapsama konsepti ile birlikte ele alınması anlamlı olmaktadır. Tez çalışması kapsamında bahsedilen problem için 0-1 MIP modeli tabanlı iki aşamalı bir çözüm yaklaşımı önerilmektedir. Bu amaçla maksimum gecikme, ortalama gecikme ve maksimum enerji tüketimi vurguları ile üç farklı model önerilerek ağ ömrü, veri gecikmesi ve kapsama arasındaki ödünleşim incelenmektedir. Böylece farklı uygulama alanlarındaki gereksinimlere dair bir iç görü sağlanmaktadır
Four-channel parity-time symmetry
No full textIn this letter, we propose a general scheme for four-channel parity-time symmetry. We theoretically demonstrate how to achieve novel features via exploiting the parity-time symmetry for four-channel coupled-mode equations and study the spontaneous symmetry breaking manifold, separating the parity-time symmetric and parity-time broken regimes, for various parameter configurations. We also propose a possible candidate (an optoelectronic oscillator) which can demonstrate the theoretically derived features, which include broadband tunability, eigenfrequency selection and flipping, and single/dual frequency operation regimes. Copyright © 2022 EPLA.Türkiye Bilimler AkademisiThis work is partially supported by the Turkish Academy of Sciences (TUBA) and The Young Scientists Award Programme 2018 granted by TUBA (TUBA, GEBIP 2018)
Effect of Imperfections on the Actuation Performance of Lattice Materials
No full textThe effects of five different types of imperfection (fractured cell walls, missing cells, cell wall waviness, cell wall misalignment, and non-uniform cell wall thickness) on actuation performance are numerically investigated for the Kagome lattice and two of its variants: Double Kagome (DK) and Kagome with concentric triangles (KT). The lattice materials of interest are excited by deploying a single linear actuator located at their centre. The actuation performance of the lattices is determined by measuring the energy spent by the actuator and the attenuation distance of the deformation induced by the actuator. The deformation localises in a narrow corridor approximately one unit cell-wide for all three lattices in the absence of imperfections. The finite element calculations show that the critical parameter determining the actuation performance is the stiffness along the actuation corridor rather than the macroscopic Young's modulus of the lattice. The less stiff the actuation corridor is, the smaller the actuation energy and the larger the attenuation distance (except when there is a fractured or wavy cell wall or a missing cell along the actuation corridor that immediately attenuates the displacement field). When imperfections are randomly distributed outside the actuation corridor, cell wall misalignment and non-uniform cell wall thickness barely affect the actuation performance, although cell wall misalignment considerably reduces the macroscopic Young's modulus of the lattice. The actuator feels the presence of fractured or wavy cell walls or missing cells, whether placed inside or outside the actuation corridor. These three types of imperfection cause the largest knock-down both in the macroscopic Young's modulus of the block and the actuation energy while increasing the attenuation distance. The increase in the attenuation distance due to imperfections is, however, impotent, as the accompanying reduction in stiffness makes the lattice more vulnerable to failure. However, if a defect is introduced slightly beyond the attenuation distance of the perfect lattice as an intentional design feature, it is beneficial for the actuation performance without decreasing the macroscopic Young's modulus. © 2022 Elsevier LtdTürkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Araştırma Kurumu, TÜBİTAK: 219M296The authors gratefully acknowledge the financial support by TÜBİTAK (The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey, Project Title: Design of New Multi-Functional Lattice Materials; Project No: 219M296 )
Approximation To Integrable Functions by Modified Complex Shepard Operators
No full textIn this paper, we introduce the Kantorovich version of complex Shepard operators in order to approximate functions whose pth powers are integrable on the unit square. We also give an application which explains why we need such operators. Furthermore, we study the effects of some regular summability methods on this Lp-approximation. © 2022 Elsevier Inc.The authors would like to thank the referee for providing insightful comments and reading the manuscript carefully
Structure and Fragment in Architectural Practice
No full textSince the last decades of the previous century, image production has increased more rapidly than in any other history phase. The visual culture environment has become dominant and affected architectural practices. The linear process that begins with an idea and ends with an end-product has disappeared. This study explores an al- ternative way of looking at the architectural practice, understanding its processes and products. By defining two concepts, “fragment” and “structure,” and question- ing their relationship as a pair, this study argues that; Each image is both a struc- ture and a fragment. Fragments establish various structures by associating with oth- er fragments while the structures break down into various fragments that go forever. Attention and responsiveness to each other, the communication of the fragment and the structure becomes a richer exchange, more cooperative, more dialogic. Thus, they provide a broader perspective to comprehend and interpret the present day’s architec- tural practice through its objects and images. The relationship between the fragment and the structure that this essay focuses on is not a kind of dialog in which parties preserve themselves while they communicate, nor the fragment and structure have a part-whole relationship. Instead, this study focuses on the intellectual outputs of structure and fragment that construct and reconstruct themselves in a dialogic rela- tionship within this context
Preferred Responses When Honour Is at Stake: the Role of Cultural Background, Presence of Others, and Causality Orientation
No full textThis study examined the factors that are likely to be associated with preferred behavioural and emotional responses to honour-threatening situations and possible differences between a dignity culture (United Kingdom) and an honour culture (Turkey). We examined the role of cultural background, type of social setting, and participants' causality orientation in preferred emotional and behavioural responses to honour-threatening situations. We first found that Turkish participants reported significantly higher levels of negative emotional response compared to British participants in the false accusation (not humiliation) scenario and in the public (not private) setting. Second, we found that Turkish participants reported a higher preference for retaliatory responses than did British participants when they imagined themselves being humiliated by one of their peers. Third, autonomy-oriented participants in the Turkish sample reported significantly higher levels of negative feeling (but not higher retaliatory intentions) compared with autonomy-oriented participants in the British sample, whereas controlled-oriented participants in the Turkish sample tended to report lower levels of negative feeling compared with controlled-oriented participants in the British sample. This interaction effect suggests that controlled- and autonomy-orientations may serve different functions in the Turkish and British settings.The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey TUBITAK 2219.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey TUBITAKTurkiye Bilimsel ve Teknolojik Arastirma Kurumu (TUBITAK) [2219