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Evaluation of the Integration of Bike Routes To the Rail Transport System in Zeytinburnu District
No full textThe rapid change and transformation of socioeconomic activities in cities, the increase in the population, and the growth of the physical environment bring many problems. One of these problems is the increasing demand for transportation by the increased population. High demand for individual vehicles, traffic congestion, noise, air pollution, and environmental problems adversely affect urban accessibility, quality of life, and social health. Public transport has gained importance to provide access within the city, and other means of clean transportation should be integrated into this system. Bicycles have a high potential to be used as an alternative to individual vehicles on short and medium-distance journeys to ensure this integration into the transportation system. As a sustainable means of transportation, solutions such as bicycle rental systems, bicycle routes, and stations are planned to promote bicycle use and integrate into the rail transportation systems. The most crucial point is to plan bike routes and stations at the right spots and integrate them into the optimum level with the rail transport system. In the scope of this paper, a field study was carried out in the district of Zeytinburnu, Istanbul. IBB (Istanbul Metropolitan Municipality) bicycle rental system (Isbike) stations have been examined for integration with Marmaray, Metro, and Tramway stations. Therefore, Space Syntax analysis has been performed to determine the relevant bicycle routes. The study was created in three stages, (P1) the Space Syntax analysis is done with Open Street Map data on DepthMapX software, (P2) Bicycle routes are generated with the IBB railway transportation and Isbike station data, and (P3) Bicyclists experienced and evaluated these routes depending on physical, environmental and visual criteria via a survey. Finally, space syntax methods are used to analyze the physical structure of the city, and the integration of bicycle paths into the rail transportation system was evaluated; suggestions for urban planning for bikeability have been put forward
Projecting the Deep Ground
No full textThis article reflects on surface-based urban strategies and explores the idea of deep ground. It aims to reveal the ground’s unacquainted thickness in order to discover the stratified context informed by local knowledge—historical, ecological, geological and hydrological. To clarify the argument, the article dwells on design projects conducted in our research-based design studio. Focusing on Bodrum, a Turkish coastal town challenged by rampant tourism, the studio developed analyses and design proposals for activating the town’s deep ground. Based on the studio projects, the research seeks out various ways of projecting the ground and frames three design acts that propose creative future urban strategies and scenarios: expanding the guidelines, thickening the ground and populating the liminal zones. © 2023 European Council of Landscape Architecture Schools (ECLAS)
The Atlas Inner Detector Trigger Performance in Pp Collisions at 13 Tev During Lhc Run 2
No full textThe design and performance of the inner detector trigger for the high level trigger of the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider during the 2016-2018 data taking period is discussed. In 2016, 2017, and 2018 the ATLAS detector recorded 35.6 fb(-1), 46.9 fb(-1), and 60.6 fb(-1) respectively of proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy of 13TeV. In order to deal with the very high interaction multiplicities per bunch crossing expected with the 13TeV collisions the inner detector trigger was redesigned during the long shutdown of the Large Hadron Collider from 2013 until 2015. An overview of these developments is provided and the performance of the tracking in the trigger for the muon, electron, tau and b-jet signatures is discussed. The high performance of the inner detector trigger with these extreme interaction multiplicities demonstrates how the inner detector tracking continues to lie at the heart of the trigger performance and is essential in enabling the ATLAS physics programme.The authors thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from the institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPO CR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; JINR; MES of Russia and NRCKI, Russian Federation; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRSandMIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSFNSF and GIF, Israel; Norwegian FinancialMechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCNandNAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CCIN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NLT1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), ASGC (Taiwan), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed elsewhere [67].ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, China; MOST, China; NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MSMT CR, Czech Republic; MPO CR, Czech Republic; VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, France; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, Germany; HGF, Germany; MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC, China; Hong Kong SAR, China; ISF, Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT, Japan; JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; JINR; MES of Russia, Russian Federation; NRCKI, Russian Federation; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS, Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC, Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, Switzerland; SNSF, Switzerland; Canton of Bern, Switzerland; Canton of Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE, United States of America; NSF, United States of America; BCKDF, Canada; CANARIE, Canada; Compute Canada, Canada; CRC, Canada; COST, European Union; ERC, European Union; ERDF, European Union; Horizon 2020, European Union; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, France; Investissements d'Avenir Idex, France; ANR, France; DFG, Germany; AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos programme - EU-ESF; Thales programme - EU-ESF; Aristeia programme - EU-ESF; Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF, Israel; GIF, Israel; Norwegian FinancialMechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN, Poland; NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, Spain; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; PROMETEO Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; GenT Programme Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; Royal Society, United Kingdom; Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdo
Melting Temperature Depression and Phase Transitions of Nitrate-Based Molten Salts in Nanoconfinement
No full textArticle; Early AccessHybrids of nitrate-based molten salts (KNO3, NaNO3, and Solar Salt) and anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) with various pore sizes (between 25 and 380 nm) were designed for concentrated solar power (CSP) plants to achieve low melting point ( 200 degrees C) and high thermal conductivity (> 1 W m(-1) K-1). AAO pore surfaces were passivated with octadecyl phosphonic acid (ODPA), and the results were compared with as-anodized AAO. The change in phase transition temperatures and melting temperatures of salts was investigated as a function of pore diameter. Melting temperatures decreased for all salts inside AAO with different pore sizes while the highest melting temperature decrease (delta T = 173 +/- 2 degrees C) was observed for KNO3 filled in AAO with a pore diameter of 380 nm. Another nanoconfinement effect was observed in the crystal phases of the salts. The ferroelectric phase of KNO3 (gamma-phase) formed at room temperature for KNO3/ AAO hybrids with pore size larger than 35 nm. Thermal conductivity values of molten salt (MS)/AAO hybrids were obtained by thermal property analysis (TPS) at room temperature and above melting temperatures of the salts. The highest increase in thermal conductivity was observed as 73% for KNO3/AAO-35 nm. For NaNO3/AAO-380 nm hybrids, the thermal conductivity coefficient was 1.224 +/- 0.019 at room temperature. To determine the capacity and efficiency of MS/AAO hybrids during the heat transfer process, the energy storage density per unit volume (J m(-3)) was calculated. The highest energy storage capacity was calculated as 2390 MJ m(-3) for KNO3/AAO with a pore diameter of 400 nm. This value is approximately five times higher than that of bulk salt.TUBITAK [118M582]H.D. and M.G.Y. gratefully acknowledge TUBITAK for the financial support of the 118M582 project
Coalition Formation Through Multilateral Bargaining in an Oligopolistic Industry
No full textOur thesis is concerned with coalition formation in an oligopolistic industry, the stability of coalitions, and the induced welfare. The central axis of our work focuses on industrial organization. However, we draw heavily from the bargaining theory literature both to model coalition formation and to measure its sustainability. To this end, we apply Bennett and Houba's (1992) stability conditions. We show that in our model, there is no stable industry structure for most of the cost settings, but when there is, it is most likely the grand coalition. And not surprisingly, for the firms that produce, decreasing cost levels raise welfare.Tezimiz, oligopolistik bir endüstride koalisyon oluşumu, koalisyonların kararlılığı ve ortaya çıkan refah ile ilgilenmektedir. Çalışmamızın ana ekseni endüstriyel organizasyon alanına odaklanmaktadır. Ancak, hem koalisyon oluşumunu modellemede hem de onun sürdürülebilirliğini ölçmede ağırlıklı olarak pazarlık teorisi literatüründen yararlanmaktayız. Bu amaçla Bennett ve Houba'nın (1992) kararlılık koşullarını uyguluyoruz. Modelimizde, maliyet parametre değerlerinin çoğu için kararlı bir endüstri yapısının mevcut olmadığını, ancak mevcut olduğu durumlarda bu yapının büyük bir olasılıkla kartel olduğunu gösteriyoruz. Şaşırtıcı olmayan bir şekilde, üretim yapan firmalar için azalan maliyet seviyelerinin refahı artırdığını bulmaktayız
Mountain Resilience: a Systematic Literature Review and Paths To the Future
No full textMountains are home to a considerable share of the human population. Around a billion people live in mountainous areas, which harbor rich natural and sociocultural diversity. Today, many people living in mountainous areas worldwide face fundamental changes to their cultural and economic living conditions. At the same time, mountain communities have defied harsh environments in the past by adapting to changing natural conditions and showing remarkable levels of resilience. In this review paper, we provide a comprehensive overview of English-language scientific literature on resilience-related topics in mountain areas based on a systematic review of the Scopust literature database. We propose a structured starting point for science–practice interactions and concrete action-based activities to support livelihoods and strengthen resilience in mountain areas. We suggest that existing knowledge gaps can be addressed by relying on local knowledge and cocreating solutions with communities. In this way, we can build innovative capacity and actively buffer against the impact of crises while supporting deliberate transformation toward sustainability and regeneration to further enhance resilience. © 2022 Wyss et al.We acknowledge the support received from the Mountain Research Initiative (MRI) for this publication via its organizational support to the MRI Mountain Resilience Working Group and coverage of the publication fee
Kültürel Mirasa Yönelik Mobil Artırılmış Gerçeklik Uygulaması Geliştirilmesi
No full textPurpose: The aim of project was to develop an augmented reality-based environment and non-formal, free, individualized learning content appropriated for cultural and archaeological heritage which had lost its physical structural integrity. In this respect a web-based augmented reality mobile application was developed that lets the users to inspect and explore the existing cultural heritage and related information in-situ with its various historical conditions modelled in 3D. Methods: Vuforia and Wikitude augmented reality platforms were examined in the project. The created point cloud of the Temple of Augustus by Wikitude Studio web interface is used as a 3-dimensional marker to recognize the structure. Wikitude matches the image of the real world with the created point cloud and the camera exposure at the time of recognition allows us to place the desired virtual object using the correct transforms. When a match is found, Wikitude initiates localization and generates a virtual map of the real world. In this way, even if the camera moves, it continues to partially recognize the object. Using many functions, the virtual restitution model of the temple can be placed correctly aligned on the real world and displayed. Results: Unity as game engine and Wikitude platform as Augmented Reality technology were used for mobile application. A virtual model was placed on the Temple of Augustus with SLAM technology. In the application, 3-dimensional temple models belonging to three different restitution periods can be examined. When a question mark is clicked, information about that part of the building can be accessed. Conclusion: The results of this research can be applied and extended to structures that have lost their structural integrity. The widespread impact of this research can be summarized under three main headings: technology use, interaction with structure and environment, and interoperability. Historical structures can be exhibited in their original state, together with the developing and easier to access technologies. This will have an important impact on the transmission and protection of cultural heritage. Secondly, it can be observed how the building interacts and changes with its environment over time with animations to be enriched with motion graphics. Last impact would be on the interoperability of building information models with mobile devices and applications. It is beneficial to conduct research to make the building information model compatible with mobile devices and applications
Graphitic Carbon Nitride/Zinc Oxide Composite Electrodes for All-Solid Photo-Supercapacitor With Ion Exchange Membrane Separator
No full textLufrano, Francesco/0000-0002-9181-6667; Demirci Sankir, Nurdan/0000-0002-7004-1217; Tuc Altaf, Cigdem/0000-0001-9036-5836Photo-supercapacitor (PSC) devices, which have the ability to convert solar energy into electricity and store it at the same time, are groundbreaking in the field of renewable energy. However, performing energy conversion and storage on the same system with an efficient and compact design is a very challenging task. In this work, novel graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4)/zinc oxide nanowire (ZnO NW) composites have been synthesized as photoactive electrode material. All-solid-state two-electrode PSC has been assembled by using the lithiated Nafion (R) membrane as the electrolyte and separator. Compared to the standard filter paper (FP) separator, the Li+-form Nafion (R) membrane provided 5-times higher energy density under UV-illumination, at 1.5 V working potential and at 26.7 mAg-1 current density. Moreover, g-C3N4/ZnO NW-based PSC having Li+-form Nafion (R) membrane showed excellent cycling stability over 25,000 charge/discharge cycles with exceptional capacitance retention and Coulombic efficiency of 90.2 % and 99.9 %, respectively. In addition, UV illumination resulted in prolonged discharge time. In other words, energy density increased 21.5-fold with UV-illumination and reached 11 Wh kg-1 at 1.5 V working voltage and 20 mAg-1 current density
İhracat Engellerinin İhracat Performansı Üzerindeki Etkisi:birleşik Krallık'a İhracat Örneği
No full textThe aim of this study is to examine the relationship between the export barriers and export performance of Turkish exporters exporting to the United Kingdom. The unit of the study is the enterprises exporting to the United Kingdom in the years 2019, 2020 and 2021. The study is based on the data gathered through the survey questions that constructed on a 5-point Likert scale. Exporters responded to survey questions with a 6,72% return rate (247/3.674) and the gathered data was considered as primary data. The SPSS.v25 application was used to analyse the data acquired through the survey. Firstly, Factor Analysis was used to identify the export barriers. Secondly, Regression Analysis was used to establish a cause-and-effect link between export barriers and export performance. Finally, the variables identified by Factor Analysis were categorized by using Cluster Analysis and the Independent Sample T-Test. The study's findings suggest that internal barriers and lack of export incentives, such as limited access to financial resources, have an effect on the export performance of enterprises that export to the United Kingdom. Additionally, the enterprises with export units perform better overall on all export performance measures than enterprises without export units.Bu çalışmanın temel amacı Birleşik Krallık pazarına ihracatta Türk ihracatçıların karşılaştığı ihracat engelleri ile ihracat pazarlama performansı arasındaki ilişkinin araştırılmasıdır. Araştırma örneklemi, Birleşik Krallık pazarına 2019-2020-2021 yıllarında ihracat yapan Türkiye'de yerleşik işletmelerdir. İhracatta karşılaşılan engeller ile ihracat performansı arasındaki ilişkiyi ölçümlemek üzere 5'li Likert ölçeği ile hazırlanan anket soruları kapsamında %6,72 (247/3.674) oranında geri dönüş sağlanmış ve elde edilen sonuçlar birincil veri olarak kabul edilmiştir. Yürütülen analiz çalışmasında literatür taraması ile tespit edilen 23 ihracat engeline yönelik verilen cevaplara SPSS v.25 programı kullanılarak Faktör Analizi uygulanmıştır. Takiben, ihracatçıların ihracat engellerine yönelik algısı ölçülerek ihracat engelleri ile ihracat performansı arasındaki sebep-sonuç ilişkisini ölçümlemede Regresyon Analizi kullanılmıştır. Son olarak, Kümeleme Analizi ve Bağımsız Örneklem T-Testi uygulanarak Faktör Analizi ile belirlenen değişkenler sınıflandırılmıştır. Sonuç olarak, Birleşik Krallık pazarına ihracatta işletmelerin iç yetersizliğinden kaynaklı ihracat engelleri ile devlet yardımı gibi doğrudan finansal kaynaklı ihracat engellerinin ihracat performansına etkisinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. İlaveten, ihracat birimi olan işletmelerde ihracat performansına ilişkin tüm göstergelerin ihracat birimi olmayan işletmelere göre yüksek seyrettiği sonucuna varılmıştır