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A Thorough Analysis and Comparison of Data Communication Protocols Used in Industry 4.0: The Case of Smart-CNC
No full textSeveral key methods have been developed to transfer data accurately and completely. In this regard, a communication protocol specifies the rules for transmitting blocks of data between network nodes. This study examines in detail the scope of the Qu4lity project, the data communication protocols used by the pilots, the protocols used by TEKNOPAR, and the benefits, drawbacks, and application areas of different data communication protocols. Protocols were analysed against a number of technical criteria aimed at identifying the most appropriate procedure. Communication protocols were categorized considering the following features: technical qualifications such as transport protocol, coding format, message system, architecture, security, and scalability.This study was conducted by TEKNOPAR and supported partially by the Qu4lity project. Qu4lity was funded by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under GA No.825030.Qu4lity project - European Union [825030
Regular Summability Methods in the Approximation by Max-Min Operators
No full textIn this paper, by using nonnegative regular summability methods we improve and generalize the approximation properties of max-min operators which have been investigated systematically in our recent paper published in 2020 in this journal. We also discuss the rate of convergence in the approximation. Applications and concluding remarks at the end of the paper explain why we need such summability methods. (c) 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Observation of Electroweak Production of Two Jets in Association With an Isolated Photon and Missing Transverse Momentum, and Search for a Higgs Boson Decaying Into Invisible Particles at 13 Tev With the Atlas Detector
No full textThis paper presents a measurement of the electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z gamma pair, with the Z boson decaying into two neutrinos. It also presents a search for invisible or partially invisible decays of a Higgs boson with a mass of 125 GeV produced through vectorboson fusion with a photon in the final state. These results use data from LHC proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector and corresponding to an integated luminosity of 139 fb(-1). The event signature, shared by all benchmark processes considered for the measurements and searches, is characterized by a significant amount of unbalanced transverse momentum and a photon in the final state, in addition to a pair of forward jets. Electroweak Z gamma production in association with two jets is observed in this final state with a significance of 5.2 (5.1 expected) standard deviations. The measured fiducial cross-section for this process is 1.31 +/- 0.29 fb. An observed (expected) upper limit of 0.37 (0.34(-0.10)(+0.15)) at 95% confidence level is set on the branching ratio of a 125 GeV Higgs boson to invisible particles, assuming the Standard Model production cross-section. The signature is also interpreted in the context of decays of a Higgs boson into a photon and a dark photon. An observed (expected) 95% CL upper limit on the branching ratio for this decay is set at 0.018 (0.017(-0.005)(+0.007)), assuming the Standard Model production cross-section for a 125 GeV Higgs boson.We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC, as well as the support staff from our institutions without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. We acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFWandFWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MSMT CR, MPOCR and VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF andMPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and HongKong SAR, China; ISF and Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; JINR; MESofRussia andNRCKI, Russian Federation; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS and MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. In addition, individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, Compute Canada and CRC, Canada; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and GIF, Israel; Norwegian FinancialMechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCNandNAWA, Poland; La CaixaBanking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom.ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW, Austria; FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; SSTC, Belarus; CNPq, Brazil; FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, Canada; NRC, Canada; CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, China; MOST, China; NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MSMT CR, Czech Republic; MPOCR, Czech Republic; VSC CR, Czech Republic; DNRF, Denmark; DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS, France; CEA-DRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, Germany; HGF, Germany; MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC, China; HongKong SAR, China; ISF , Israel; Benoziyo Center, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT, Japan; JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MEiN, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; JINR; MESofRussia, Russian Federation; NRCKI, Russian Federation; MESTD, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARRS , Slovenia; MIZS, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICINN, Spain; SRC , Sweden; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI,Switzerland; SNSF, Switzerland; Cantons of Bern, Switzerland; Cantons of Geneva, Switzerland; MOST, Taiwan; TAEK, Turkey; STFC, United Kingdom; DOE, United States of America; NSF, United States of America; BCKDF, Canada; CANARIE, Canada; Compute Canada, Canada; CRC, Canada; COST; ERC; ERDF; Horizon 2020 and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions; European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, France; Investissements d'Avenir Idex, France; ANR, France; DFG, Germany; AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos programme, Greece; Thales programme, Greece; Aristeia programme, Greece; EU-ESF , Greece; NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF, Israel; GIF, Israel; Norwegian FinancialMechanism 2014-2021, Norway; NCN, Poland; NAWA, Poland; La CaixaBanking Foundation, Spain; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya, Spain; PROMETEO Programme, Spain; GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society, United Kingdom; Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdo
Cortical Spreading Depression Can Be Triggered by Sensory Stimulation in Primed Wild Type Mouse Brain: a Mechanistic Insight To Migraine Aura Generation
No full textBackground Unlike the spontaneously appearing aura in migraineurs, experimentally, cortical spreading depression (CSD), the neurophysiological correlate of aura is induced by non-physiological stimuli. Consequently, neural mechanisms involved in spontaneous CSD generation, which may provide insight into how migraine starts in an otherwise healthy brain, remain largely unclear. We hypothesized that CSD can be physiologically induced by sensory stimulation in primed mouse brain. Methods Cortex was made susceptible to CSD with partial inhibition of Na+/K+-ATPase by epidural application of a low concentration of Na+/K+-ATPase blocker ouabain, allowing longer than 30-min intervals between CSDs or by knocking-down alpha 2 subunit of Na+/K+-ATPase, which is crucial for K+ and glutamate re-uptake, with shRNA. Stimulation-triggered CSDs and extracellular K+ changes were monitored in vivo electrophysiologically and a K+-sensitive fluoroprobe (IPG-4), respectively. Results After priming with ouabain, photic stimulation significantly increased the CSD incidence compared with non-stimulated animals (44.0 vs. 4.9%, p 0.001). Whisker stimulation also significantly increased the CSD incidence, albeit less effectively (14.9 vs. 2.4%, p = 0.02). Knocking-down Na+/K+-ATPase (50% decrease in mRNA) lowered the CSD threshold in all mice tested with KCl but triggered CSDs in 14.3% and 16.7% of mice with photic and whisker stimulation, respectively. Confirming Na+/K+-ATPase hypofunction, extracellular K+ significantly rose during sensory stimulation after ouabain or shRNA treatment unlike controls. In line with the higher CSD susceptibility observed, K+ rise was more prominent after ouabain. To gain insight to preventive mechanisms reducing the probability of stimulus-evoked CSDs, we applied an A1-receptor antagonist (DPCPX) to the occipital cortex, because adenosine formed during stimulation from ATP can reduce CSD susceptibility. DPCPX induced spontaneous CSDs but only small-DC shifts along with suppression of EEG spikes during photic stimulation, suggesting that the inhibition co-activated with sensory stimulation could limit CSD ignition when K+ uptake was not sufficiently suppressed as with ouabain. Conclusions Normal brain is well protected against CSD generation. For CSD to be ignited under physiological conditions, priming and predisposing factors are required as seen in migraine patients. Intense sensory stimulation has potential to trigger CSD when co-existing conditions bring extracellular K+ and glutamate concentrations over CSD-ignition threshold and stimulation-evoked inhibitory mechanisms are overcome.Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey [TUBITAK-113S211]; Hacettepe University Scientific Research Projects Unit [014-D01-105-002]This study was supported by grants from The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TUBITAK-113S211) and Hacettepe University Scientific Research Projects Unit (014-D01-105-002)
Hierarchical Zinc Oxide Nanostructures: Enhancement in Optical Properties for Photoelectrochemical Photodetector
No full textThis study reports the preparation of zinc oxide nanorod arrays (ZnO NRAs) on patterned glass substrates via the photolithography method to be used as photoanode material for photoelectrochemical photodetector (PEC PD) applications. The excellent alignment of ZnO NRAs has been observed on the patterned substrates via photolithography. Therefore, the effects of circular patterns having different circle diameters (D:20 µm, 2D:40 µm, 4D:80 µm in diameter) and the distance between circles have been investigated in the PEC PD application. ZnO thin films have been prepared by physical vapor deposition using RF magnetron sputtering. Subsequently, the photoresist has been spun on the ZnO layer, followed by exposure to laser light with 375 nm of wavelength. Vertically aligned ZnO NRAs have been grown on the patterned surface by the facile chemical bath deposition method. Surface analysis of patterned substrates of ZnO NRAs has been performed via optical profilometry. First, the effects of the diameter changes of the circles and the distance between the circles in the pattern on PEC PD performance have been verified in various electrolytes. PEC PD measurements have been performed under applied potential (-1V to +0.4V voltage (vs. Ag/AgCl)) at UV irradiation and dark condition to obtain responsivity, selectivity, and detectivity parameters. Second, ZnO NRAs have been coated with an indium sulfide (In2 S3 ) thin film layer using the ultrasonic spray pyrolysis method to shift the light absorption through the visible region. It has been determined that In2 S3 -coated ZnO NRAs provided the highest charge transfer at the photoanode/electrolyte interface when the diameter of circles is D in pattern and the distance between the circles is decreased.The authors would like to thank TUBITAK Defense Industries Research and Development Institute for the usage of the cleanroo
Aydinlatma Tasarimi Egitiminde Artirilmis Gerçeklik Uygulamalari ile Aydinlatma Tasarimlarinin İncelenmesi
No full textAydınlatma tasarımı eğitim süreçleri mekân tasarımı eğitiminde önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Lisans düzeyinde incelendiğinde, mekân tasarımı öğrencilerine yönelik standartlaştırılmış bir eğitim modeli görülememiştir hatta bazı üniversitelerin aydınlatma eğitimi konusunda ders önerileri dahi mevcut değildir. Bu durum meslek sahibi olarak mezun olacak olan öğrencilerin fiziksel çevre kontrolleri hakkında edindikleri bilgilerin farklı düzeylerde olduğunu göstermektedir. Zaman içinde dijital teknolojiler geliştikçe, boyut malzeme ve renk hissi veren birçok yeni ifade aracı da ortaya çıkmıştır. Bu yeni teknolojilerin aydınlatma tasarımı eğitiminde öğrencileri destekleyeceği düşünülmüş ve bir araştırma planlanıp yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada bilgisayar destekli tasarım araçlarının sahneyi görüntüleme biçimlerine göre öğrencilerin aydınlatma ürünü yerleşim kararları üzerinde etkisinin olup olmadığı araştırılmış ve gerçeklik araçlarının tasarım sürecine dâhil edildiği durumdaki adaptasyonları ölçülmüştür. Sonuç olarak bilgisayar destekli tasarım araçlarının farklılaşmasının aydınlatma kararları üzerinde etkili olduğu ve artırılmış gerçeklik destekli teknolojilerin aydınlatma tasarımı eğitimi sürecine öğrencilerin adaptasyonunun olumlu yönde olduğu bulunmuştur.Lighting design education processes play an important role in interior design education. When examined at the undergraduate level, there is no standardized education model for space design students, and some universities do not even have course proposals on lighting education. This situation demonstrates that students who will graduate as professionals have different levels of knowledge about physical environmental controls. As digital technologies have evolved over time, many new means of expression have emerged that give a sense of size, material and color. It was thought that these new technologies would support students in lighting design education and a research was planned and conducted. In this study, it was investigated whether computer-aided design tools have an effect on students' lighting product placement decisions according to the way they view the scene, and their adaptations were measured when reality tools were included in the design process. As a result, it was found that the differentiation of computer-aided design tools has an impact on lighting decisions and the adaptation of augmented reality supported technologies to the lighting design education process is positive
Türkiye'de Kobi'lerin Dijitalleşme Eğilimleri : Performans Etkileri ve Politika Önerileri
No full textTeknolojik gelimeler işletmelere daha verimli hale gelmeleri ve performanslarını iyiletirmeleri için önemli fırsatlar sunmaktadır. Firmaların ve çalışanların iş süreçlerinde bu gelişmelere uyum sağlamasıyla iş hayatında önemli değişimler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bulut tabanlı çözümler, yapay zekâ, veri analitiği gibi iş uygulamaları, artık birçok işletmenin rekabetçiliğinde bir gereklilik haline gelmiştir. İşletmeler, dijitalleme yolunda bir yandan yazılım ve donanım yatırımları yaparken diğer yandan da organizasyon yapılarını, kurumsal kültürlerini ve iş modellerini gözden geçirmekte; insan kaynaklarını güçlendirmeye çalışmaktadır. Türkiye ekonomisinde önemli bir ağırlığı bulunan KOBİ’lerde (küçük ve orta ölçekli işletmeler) dijitalleme yoluyla elde edilecek verimlilik artışları ve performans kazanımları, ülkemizin ekonomik büyümesi açısından kritiktir. Bu çalışma; KOBİ’lerin dijitalleme süreçlerinin etkilerini araştırmayı, bu alandaki ihtiyaçları belirlemeyi ve başta On İkinci Kalkınma Planı hazırlıkları olmak üzere politika tasarım süreçlerine katkı sunmayı amaçlamaktadır. Çalışma, Vodafone’un desteği ile Politika Analiz Laboratuvarı (PAL) tarafından gerçekletirilmiştir
Pasif Akıtma Tekniğinin İnce Olmayan Bir Delta Kanadın Aerodinamik Performansına Etkisinin Yer Etkisi Durumunda İncelenmesi
No full textNon-slender delta wings are widely used in Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV), Unmanned Combat Aerial Vehicles (UCAV), Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAV), and fighter aircraft due to their maneuverability and providing a large surface area for system integration. Therefore, the aerodynamics and flow structures of non-slender delta wings are a research area of great interest. Ground effect is an aerodynamic phenomenon that introduces an additional boundary condition to the flow field of wings moving close to the ground plane. As aircraft enter ground effect, flow structures and aerodynamic parameters are significantly affected compared to the free stream condition. Especially in landing/take-off scenarios, aircraft are in-ground effect and it is one of the most critical parts of their flight times. Therefore, a thorough understanding of the aerodynamic behavior of delta wings in- ground effect gains importance. In this study, the aerodynamic parameters of non-slender delta wings with sweep angle of ?= 45^° in-ground effect were investigated experimentally. In recent years, it has shown that the passive bleeding technique, which takes advantage of the pressure difference between the pressure and suction sides of the wing, can be an effective method of flow control. Therefore, the Base wing without any bleed opening applied and two different bleed opening ratios, BOR = 0.85 ; 1.00 wings, were compared both in-ground effect and out of ground effect. The experiments were conducted by taking force and moment measurements using an external balance and surface measurements in a low speed wind tunnel. The experiments were performed in a range of angles of attack 0^° ? ? ? 29^°, in a range of dimensionless ground height 13 % ? h?c ?110 %, and in a single Reynolds number, Re=9 × 10^4. The dimensionless ground height is defined as the ratio of the distance between the trailing edge of the wing and the ground plane to the wing's chord length. Considering the out of ground effect results, BOR wings delay the stall angle of attack. BOR = 0.85 wing provides a delay of about 4 degrees, and the fact that it can do this without sacrificing too much on the lift coefficient increases its maneuverability. It is seen that the ground effect increases the aerodynamic coefficients. However, as the bleed opening ratio increases, the aerodynamic coefficients become a weaker function of ground effect. All three of the Base, BOR = 0.85 ; 1.00 wings are longitudinally unstable in all cases. Moreover, the increase in bleed opening ratio further increases this unstability. When the short distance take-off is considered, the fact that the BOR = 0.85 wing can delay the stall angle of attack by 4 degrees and the lift coefficient increases with the ground effect makes the BOR = 0.85 wing appealing.İnce olmayan delta kanatlar, manevra kabiliyetleri ve sistem entegrasyonu için geniş bir yüzey sağlaması gibi sebeplerden ötürü İnsansız Hava Araçları (UAV), İnsansız Muharebe Hava Araçları (UCAV), Mikro Hava Araçları (MAV) ve savaş uçaklarında yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. Dolayısıyla ince olmayan delta kanatların aerodinamiği ve akış yapıları oldukça ilgi duyulan bir araştırma alanıdır. Yer etkisi, yer düzlemine yakın hareket eden kanatların akış alanına ek bir sınır koşulu ortaya çıkaran aerodinamik bir fenomendir. Hava araçları yer etkisine girdikçe akış yapıları ve aerodinamik parametreleri serbest akış koşuluna kıyasla önemli ölçüde etkilenmektedir. Özellikle iniş/kalkış senaryolarında hava araçları yer etkisi altındadır ve uçuş sürelerinin en kritik kısımlarından biridir. Dolayısıyla, delta kanatların yer etkisi altındaki aerodinamik davranışlarının etraflıca anlaşılması önem kazanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, ?= 45^° ok açısına sahip ince olmayan delta kanatların yer etkisi altındaki aerodinamik parametreleri deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Geçtiğimiz yıllarda, kanadın basınç ve emme tarafları arasındaki basınç farkından yararlanan pasif akıtma tekniğinin etkili bir akış kontrol metodu olabileceği gösterilmiştir. Dolayısıyla, herhangi bir akıtma açıklığı uygulanmamış Temel kanadı ve iki farklı akıtma açıklık oranı, BOR = 0.85 ; 1.00 kanatları hem yer etkisi altında hem de yer etkisi dışında kıyaslanmıştır. Deneyler, düşük hızdaki bir rüzgâr tünelinde kuvvet ve moment ölçümleri ile yüzey basınç ölçümleri alınarak yapılmıştır. Deneyler, 0^° ? ? ? 29^° hücum açısı aralığında, boyutsuz yer yüksekliği, 13 % ? h?c ?110 % aralığında ve tek bir Reynolds sayısı, Re=9 × 10^4'te yapılmıştır. Boyutsuz yer yüksekliği, kanadın arka kenarından yer düzlemine olan mesafenin kanadın veter uzunluğuna oranı olarak tanımlanmaktadır. Yer etkisi dışındaki sonuçlara bakıldığında, BOR kanatları perdövites hücum açısını ötelemektedir. BOR = 0.85 kanadının 4 derece kadar bir öteleme sağlıyor ve bunu taşıma kuvveti katsayısından çok fazla ödün vermeden yapabiliyor olması, manevra kabiliyetini artırmaktadır. Yer etkisinin aerodinamik katsayıları artırdığı görülmektedir. Ancak, akıtma açıklık oranı arttıkça, aerodinamik katsayılar, yer etkisinin daha zayıf bir fonksiyonu haline gelmektedir. Temel, BOR = 0.85 ; 1.00 kanatlarının üçü de her durumda boylamsal kararsızlardır. Dahası, akıtma açıklık oranının artışı bu kararsızlığı daha da artırmaktadır. Kısa mesafede kalkış durumu değerlendirildiğinde, BOR = 0.85 kanadının perdövites hücum açısını 4 derece kadar öteleyebildiği ve yer etkisiyle taşıma kuvveti katsayısının artıyor olması, BOR = 0.85 kanadını kısa mesafede kalkış için ön plana çıkarmaktadır
Subacute Neurological Sequelae in Mild Covid-19 Outpatients
No full textIntroduction: Neurological aspect of COVID-19 is less understood compared to its respiratory and systemic effects. We aimed to define subacute neurological sequelae in patients who recovered from mild COVID-19. Materials and Methods: This study enrolled long COVID patients who had mild infection, were non-hospitalized, and admitted to our hospital with neurological complaints occurring after COVID-19. The evaluation included detailed history of the symptoms, neurological examination, blood tests and necessary investiga-tions relevant to their personal medical situation, and also a retrospective inqu-iry about their respiratory and neurological status during the acute phase of infection. Descriptive statistical measures, Chi-square and Student’s t-test were utilized. Results: We identified 50 patients (29F/21M) with a mean age of 36.9 ± 1.6 (mean ± SEM). The average time from COVID-19 to admission was 99 days(min-max= 15-247). Most frequent neurological complaints were headache (42%) and cognitive dysfunction (42%). Sleep disturbance (36%), prolonged anosmia (30%), prolonged ageusia (22%), fatigue (22%), and dizziness (8%) followed. Most patients with headache experienced headache also as an acute manifestation of COVID-19 (p= 0.02). Acute-stage sleep disorders were found to be more associated with subacute cognitive symptoms than other central symptoms (p= 0.008). The most common neurological symptom in the acute phase was headache (74%). Six patients, despite the absence of any acute-stage neurological symptoms, presented with emergence of subacute neurological sequela. There were only five patients with pulmonary involvement during the acute stage, who were not different from the rest of the cohort in terms of neurological sequelae. There was no increase of inflammatory markers in the blood tests at the subacute stage, or no association of the symptoms to bioche-mical parameters. Conclusion: This study gives a description of neurological sequelae of mild COVID-19 at the subacute stage, in a relatively young group, and reveals that cognitive disturbances, as well as headache, are quite frequent. © 2022 by Tuberculosis and Thorax