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Automatic Brain Tumor Detection and Volume Estimation in Multimodal Mri Scans Via a Symmetry Analysis
No full textIn this study, an automated medical decision support system is presented to assist physicians with accurate and immediate brain tumor detection, segmentation, and volume estimation from MRI which is very important in the success of surgical operations and treatment of brain tumor patients. In the proposed approach, first, tumor regions on MR images are labeled by an expert radiologist. Then, an automated medical decision support system is developed to extract brain tumor boundaries and to calculate their volumes by using multimodal MR images. One advantage of this study is that it provides an automated brain tumor detection and volume estimation algorithm that does not require user interactions by determining threshold values adaptively. Another advantage is that, because of the unsupervised approach, the proposed study realized tumor detection, segmentation, and volume estimation without using very large labeled training data. A brain tumor detection and segmentation algorithm is introduced that is based on the fact that the brain consists of two symmetrical hemispheres. Two main analyses, i.e., histogram and symmetry, were performed to automatically estimate tumor volume. The threshold values used for skull stripping were computed adaptively by examining the histogram distances between T1- and T1C-weighted brain MR images. Then, a symmetry analysis between the left and right brain lobes on FLAIR images was performed for whole tumor detection. The experiments were conducted on two brain MRI datasets, i.e., TCIA and BRATS. The experimental results were compared with the labeled expert results, which is known as the gold standard, to demonstrate the efficacy of the presented method. The performance evaluation results achieved accuracy values of 89.7% and 99.0%, and a Dice similarity coefficient value of 93.0% for whole tumor detection, active core detection, and volume estimation, respectively
Borçluya Satış Yetkisi Verilmesi Hakkında 7343 Sayılı Kanunla Getirilen Yeni Düzenlemenin Değerlendirilmesi
No full text7343 Sayılı Kanunla İcra ve İflas Kanununun hem mevcut hükümlerinde önemli değişiklikler yapılmış hem de hukukumuzda bulunmayan bazı yeni kurumlar Kanuna ilave edilmiştir. Bu yeni kurumlardan biri de m. 111/a hükmüyle getirilen “borçluya satış yetkisi verilmesine” ilişkin düzenlemedir. Bu hükme göre, borçlu, kıymet takdirinin tebliğinden itibaren yedi gün içinde icra dairesine başvurarak hacizli malın rızaen satışı için kendisine yetki verilmesini talep edebilmektedir. Talep halinde icra dairesi, borçluya satış yetkisi vermek zorundadır. Borçlunun talebi halinde icra dairesi, kıymet takdirinin kesinleşmesinden sonra cebrî satış işlemlerini durdurarak borçluya on beş günlük süre verir. Kanaatimizce, yeni düzenleme, alacaklının ve borçlunun menfaatlerini korumaya yönelik olması bakımından isabetli ise de, borçluya sadece on beş gün gibi kısa bir süre verilmesi isabetli olmamıştır. Yapılacak bir kanun değişikliğinde bu sürenin mutlaka artırılması gerekir. Yeni düzenlemeye göre borçlunun hacizli malını rızaen satabilmesi ancak Kanunda öngörülen bazı koşulların gerçekleşmesine bağlıdır. Nitekim m. 111/a hükmüne göre “rızai satışta bedel, malın muhammen kıymetinin yüzde doksanına karşılık gelen miktar ile o malla güvence altına alınan ve satış isteyenin alacağına rüçhanı olan alacakların toplamından hangisi fazla ise bu miktarı ve ayrıca bu miktara ilave olarak bu aşamaya kadar bu mahcuz için yapılan takip masrafları toplamından az olamaz”. Borçlunun bu şartlarda bir alıcı bulması ve alıcının borçluya verilen on beş günlük süre içinde malın bedelini ödemesi halinde, malın devir ve teslim işlemlerinin yapılmasına ve satışın onayına icra mahkemesi kesin olarak karar vermektedir. Dolayısıyla ancak icra mahkemesinin kabul kararıyla malın mülkiyeti alıcıya geçmekte ve tüm hacizler kaldırılarak devir ve teslim işlemleri gerçekleştirmektedir. O halde her ne kadar borçluya satış yetkisi verilmesi, Kanunda rızai satış olarak nitelendirilmiş ise de, satış işlemi sadece tarafların serbest anlaşmasıyla gerçekleşmemekte, aksine cebri icra organlarının da devreye girmesiyle tamamlanmaktadır. Bu nedenle koşulları Kanunda düzenlenen ve icra organlarının da katılımıyla gerçekleştirilen bu yeni satış türü, salt borçlar hukuku anlamında bir satış sözleşmesi olarak nitelendirilemez. Çünkü her ne kadar alıcıyı borçlu bulmakta ise de, cebri icraya konu olan mal ancak cebri icra organından alınan yetki üzerine satılabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, bu satış türünün icra hukukunda kendine özgü bir cebri satış yöntemi olarak nitelendirilmesi gerekir. Öte yandan, borçluya verilen bu yetkinin kapsamının sadece hacizli mallarla sınırlandırılması uygun olmamıştır. Ancak her ne kadar eleştiriye açık bazı noktaları bulunmakta ise de, getirilen yeni düzenlemenin ilke olarak isabetli ve yararlı olduğu değerlendirilmektedir.With Law No. 7343, significant changes were made to the existing provisions of the Execution and Bankruptcy Law and some new institutions that do not exist in our legal system were added to the Law. One of these new institutions is the regulation regarding "granting sales authority to the debtor" introduced by Article 111/a. According to this provision, the debtor can apply to the enforcement office within seven days from the notification of the valuation assessment and request authorization for the consensual sale of the seized property. Upon request, the enforcement office must grant sales authority to the debtor. Upon the request of the debtor, the enforcement office stops the forced sales actions after the valuation is finalized and gives the debtor fifteen days. In our opinion, although the new regulation is accurate in that it aims to protect the interests of the creditor and the debtor, it is not appropriate to give the debtor a short period of only fifteen days. This period must be increased in case of a change in the law. According to the new regulation, the ability of the debtor to consensually sell the seized property depends on the meeting of certain conditions stipulated in the Law. As a matter of fact, according to the provision of Art. 111/a “In a consensual sale, the price cannot be less than the amount corresponding to ninety percent of the estimated value of the good, the total of the receivables secured by that good and having priority over the receivables of the person requesting the sale, whichever is greater, and in addition to this amount, the sum of the follow-up expenses incurred for this seizure up to this stage”. If the debtor finds a buyer under these conditions and the buyer pays the price of the goods within the fifteen-day period given to the debtor, the enforcement court gives a final decision on the transfer and delivery of the goods and the approval of the sale. Therefore, only with the acceptance decision of the enforcement court, the ownership of the goods passes to the buyer and all liens are removed and the transfer and delivery transactions are carried out. Therefore, although granting the debtor the authority to sell is defined as a consensual sale in the Law, the sales transaction is not realized only by the free agreement of the parties, but on the contrary, it is completed by the involvement of compulsory enforcement bodies. For this reason, this new type of sales, the conditions of which are regulated in the Law and carried out with the participation of the enforcement bodies, cannot be described as a sales contract in the pure sense of the law of obligations. Because, although the debtor finds the buyer, the property subject to compulsory enforcement can only be sold upon the authorization received from the compulsory enforcement body. For this reason, this type of sale should be characterized as a unique compulsory sales method in enforcement law. On the other hand, it was not appropriate to limit the scope of this authority given to the debtor only to seized properties. However, although there are some points open to criticism, the new regulation is considered to be accurate and useful in principle
Lambda Abstraction as a Factor in Human Uniqueness
No full textThere appear to be some qualitative differences between the conceptual repertoire of humans and that of other animals. We propose that the mental operation of Lambda Abstraction may shed some light on this distinction. More specifically, we claim that humans and only humans make use of mental representations constructed with the rule of Lambda Abstraction, which enables them to entertain concepts that can be used for entities that are not necessarily within their domain of experience. In addition to defining new types of concepts, Lambda Abstraction has played a crucial role in unlocking the potential for semantically consequential Internal Merge and quantification. This paper highlights the fact that research on language evolution should focus more on the transformative cognitive consequences of the interface between syntax and thought systems. © 2023, PsychOpen. All rights reserved
Wnt Signaling in Periodontitis
No full textObjectiveThis study aimed to evaluate the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway activity in gingival samples obtained from patients with periodontitis.Materials and methodsFifteen patients with stage III grade B (SIIIGB) and eleven with stage III grade C (SIIIGC) periodontitis were included and compared to 15 control subjects. beta-Catenin, Wnt 3a, Wnt 5a, and Wnt 10b expressions were evaluated by Q-PCR. Topographic localization of tissue beta-catenin, Wnt 5a, and Wnt 10b was measured by immunohistochemical analysis. TNF-alpha was used to assess the inflammatory state of the tissues, while Runx2 was used as a mediator of active destruction.ResultsWnt 3a, Wnt 5a, and Wnt 10b were significantly higher in gingival tissues in both grades of stage 3 periodontitis compared to the control group (p 0.05). beta-Catenin showed intranuclear staining in connective tissue in periodontitis, while it was confined to intracytoplasmic staining in epithelial tissue and the cell walls in the control group. Wnt5a protein expression was elevated in periodontitis, with the most intense staining observed in the connective tissue of SIIIGC samples. Wnt10b showed the highest density in the connective tissue of patients with periodontitis.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that periodontal inflammation disrupts the Wnt/beta-catenin signaling pathway.Clinical RelevancePeriodontitis disrupts Wnt signaling in periodontal tissues in parallel with tissue inflammation and changes in morphology. This change in Wnt-related signaling pathways that regulate tissue homeostasis in the immunoinflammatory response may shed light on host-induced tissue destruction in the pathogenesis of the periodontal disease.This research was supported by project 17H0234001 of the Ankara University Scientific Research Projects Office.Ankara University Scientific Research Projects Office [17H0234001
Biçimsel Anlambilim Temel Kavramlar
No full textSoner Akşehirli tarafından yazılan Biçimsel Anlambilim Temel Kavramlar adlı kitap dilin anlamının matematiksel olarak ifade edilmesini içermektedir. Yedi bölümden oluşan eserde biçimsel anlambilime dair araçlardan söz edilmiştir. Bu yazı söz konusu kitabın incelenmesinden oluşmaktadır. Bu eserin biçimsel anlambilim alanına bir giriş eseri niteliğinde olduğu ve dilbilime ilgi duyan, bu alanda çalışmak isteyen okuyucular için yararlı olacağı düşünülmektedir
Rusya'nın Ticarette Artan Asya-pasifik Beklentisi: Küresel Ticaret ve Teknoloji Odaklarının Asya-pasifik'e Yönelmesi ve Rusya'nın Politikaları
No full text[No Abstract Available
Design of Fly Ash Based Nanocomposites for Improvement Thermal Energy Storage Capacity of the Nitrate Salts
No full textIn recent years, the demand for sustainability and energy efficiency in the energy sector has been rapidly increasing. Renewable and clean energy sources are needed to meet the world’s growing energy demand. Concentrated solar power (CPS) plants are seen as an environmentally friendly and efficient source of electricity production among alternative energy sources. In CPS plants, the development of fluids with high performance and low cost that can be used as both thermal energy storage (TES) fluids and heat transfer agents (HTA) is crucial. Choosing suitable HTS and TES materials can provide thermodynamic efficiency while minimizing the costs of heat storage tanks solar energy receivers, and heat transfer devices. Today, due to their physicochemical and thermodynamic properties, salt melts and various mixtures are used in CSP plants and many applications. The fact that salt melts are environmentally friendly materials with high chemical stability, low viscosity, low vapor pressure, high energy density, and low cost make them an ideal fluid to be used in the energy sector. However, when molten nitrate salts are used alone, their thermal stability is low, limiting the storage time. Also, due to the high melting points (>200°C) and low decomposition temperatures (at temperatures above 600°C) of molten salt fluids, they can freeze in cold weather conditions and darkness, causing pipes to clog. Therefore, forming nanocomposites by mixing with a material with high thermal conductivity, such as fly ash, contributes to improving the thermodynamic properties of molten salts. Thus, low-cost HTA and TES materials with low melting points, high storage capacity, and high thermal stability will be obtained in CSP plants. In this thesis study, the aim was to design cheap molten salt and fly ash nanostructures with high thermal conductivity, low melting temperature, and high decomposition temperature. The structural and thermal properties of fly ash-potassium nitrate (KNO3) mixtures with different weight percentages of fly ash (0.1%, 0.2%, 1%, 2%, and 5%) were experimentally investigated. The structural properties of the prepared nanofluids were examined with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD)thermal characterization was investigated using thermal properties analyzer (TPS), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) methods
