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Effects of Zinc Amino Acid Complex Supplementation on Welfare, Carcass Traits, Tibia Health, Meat Quality and Myopathies in Broilers
No full textBackgroundWith the growing global demand for broiler meat, enhancing production efficiency is essential, and trace minerals like zinc (Zn) play a key role. As a crucial element in many enzymes, Zn supports metabolism, antioxidant defence and hormone regulation.ObjectivesThis study investigated the effects of zinc amino acid complex supplementation to diet on welfare, carcass traits, bone health, meat quality and myopathies of broilers.MethodsA total of 120,320 one-day-old mixed-sex Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into two dietary groups (control and zinc amino acid complex). The control (CONT) group was fed a basal diet containing 120 mg/kg zinc from an inorganic source (ZnSO4), whilst the ZnAA group received the same basal diet supplemented with 50 mg/kg zinc from an organic source (zinc amino acid complex, ZnAA).ResultsZnAA supplementation had no significant effect on carcass yield or organ weights. However, the occurrence of C-quality footpad lesions was significantly reduced in the ZnAA group, whilst the total proportion of B+C quality footpads remained unchanged. The ZnAA group showed significantly lower incidences of severe myopathies in breast, such as spaghetti meat (SM) and wooden meat (WM), compared to the control group. Whilst there were no significant changes in tibia properties, ZnAA supplementation positively affected the dry matter and protein content of broiler meat. However, no significant effects were observed on the fatty acid composition. Although ZnAA supplementation did not significantly alter DPPH radical scavenging activity (DPPH RSA), it appeared to positively influence total antioxidant status (TAS) and oxidative stress index (OSI).ConclusionZnAA supplementation significantly reduced myopathy incidence and improved footpad health, whilst enhancing the dry matter and protein content of broiler meat, highlighting its potential to improve poultry welfare and meat quality.HasTavuk Research and Development Department [HST23YM003]This study was supported by HasTavuk Research and Development Department (HST23YM003)
Jointly Achieving Smart Homes Security and Privacy Through Bidirectional Trust
No full textThe increasing complexity of the smart home ecosystem necessitates effective solutions to pressing security and privacy challenges. Typically, authentication and authorization processes establish system security (i.e., system-to-user trust). Once approved, users are primarily concerned about privacy protection (i.e., user-to-system trust) when utilizing system services that require sensitive data for their functionality. We define “user-to-system trust” as the user’s confidence in data privacy protection. To establish bidirectional trust, this study enhances the Authentication Enabled Attribute-Based Access Control (AeABAC) model for user privacy protection. While traditional AeABAC focuses on system-to-user trust (authentication and authorization), it lacks mechanisms to address user-to-system trust, leaving users vulnerable to privacy risks such as opaque data handling, insufficient consent frameworks, and unmitigated disclosure risks. This study enhances the AeABAC model by integrating a risk-based privacy approach to address these gaps. The proposed Risk-Based Privacy Approach for the AeABAC model aims to build user confidence by identifying relevant privacy profile information within the smart home environment. It conducts privacy risk assessments by evaluating the likelihood of data disclosure and examining the potential harm (disclosure impact) users may face if their data is exposed. Ultimately, this approach safeguards users’ privacy by offering transparent and informative protections regarding data collection and disclosure. The key findings demonstrate that the RBP-AeABAC model enables role-specific privacy decisions (e.g., stricter controls for children), and balances usability and security through dynamic consent mechanisms. Use-case scenarios validate its practicality in real-world smart home ecosystems. © The Author(s) 2025
Turkey’s Military Cooperation Network Through Bilateral Relations: the Transition From Military Support Recipient To Provider
No full textThe article scrutinizes Turkey’s bilateral military cooperation network from a normative perspective. In light of questions surrounding Turkey’s broader military support following the Second Karabakh conflict, the analysis explores Turkey’s bilateral military cooperation within the framework of its NATO membership. The dataset created for the research investigates the 147 bilateral military cooperation agreements that Turkey has established with 84 states between 1990 and 2023. The analysis emphasizes that these agreements have positioned Turkey as a military support provider. The article further argues that Turkey’s military cooperation network reinforces its role in international security, aligning with NATO’s partnership policies, and has the potential to expand Turkey’s regional and global influence. As a result, Turkey’s military cooperation network not only enhances its capacity to foster security but also solidifies its status in international relations. © 2025 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor ; Francis Group
Detecting Unauthorized Drones with Cell-Free Integrated Sensing and Communication
No full textIntegrated sensing and communication (ISAC) boosts network efficiency by using existing resources for diverse sensing applications. In this work, we propose a cell-free massive MIMO (multiple-input multiple-output)-ISAC framework to detect unauthorized drones while simultaneously ensuring communication requirements. We develop a detector to identify passive aerial targets by analyzing signals from distributed access points (APs). In addition to the precision of the sensing, timeliness of the sensing information is also crucial due to the risk of drones leaving the area before the sensing procedure is finished. We introduce the age of sensing (AoS) and sensing coverage as our sensing performance metrics and propose a joint sensing blocklength and power optimization algorithm to minimize AoS and maximize sensing coverage while meeting communication requirements. Moreover, we propose an adaptive weight selection algorithm based on concave-convex procedure to balance the inherent tradeoff between AoS and sensing coverage. Our numerical results show that increasing the communication requirements would significantly reduce both the sensing coverage and the timeliness of the sensing. Furthermore, the proposed adaptive weight selection algorithm can provide high sensing coverage and reduce the AoS by 45% compared to the fixed weights, demonstrating efficient utilization of both power and sensing blocklength.This work was supported by Swedish Innovation Agency Funded (VINNOVA) through the SweWIN center (2023-00572).Swedish Innovation Agency Funded (VINNOVA) through the SweWIN center [2023-00572
Observation of T(t)over-Bar Production in Pb Plus Pb Collisions at √snn=5.02 TeV with the ATLAS Detector
No full textTop-quark pair production is observed in lead-lead (Pb+Pb) collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV at the Large Hadron Collider with the ATLAS detector. The data sample was recorded in 2015 and 2018, amounting to an integrated luminosity of 1.9 nb(-1). Events with exactly one electron and one muon and at least two jets are selected. Top-quark pair production is measured with an observed (expected) significance of 5.0 (4.1) standard deviations. The measured top-quark pair production cross section is sigma(t (t) over bar) =3.6 (+1.0)(-0.9)(stat)(-0.5) (+0.8)(syst) mu b, with a total relative uncertainty of 31%, and is consistent with theoretical predictions using a range of different nuclear parton distribution functions. The observation of this process consolidates the evidence of the existence of all quark flavors in the preequilibrium stage of the quark-gluon plasma at very high energy densities, similar to the conditions present in the early Universe
When Therapy Ends: A Qualitative Study on Termination Processes in Youth with a History of Residential Care
No full textIntroduction: Young people raised in residential care often face attachment challenges that impact their psychotherapy experiences. While research has examined their therapeutic needs, little is known about their experiences of therapy termination—a process potentially reactivating earlier separation experiences. This study explores how clients from residential care backgrounds and their therapists experience the psychotherapy termination process. Methods: Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, we conducted semi-structured interviews with five young adults (aged 21-27) who had spent 3-10 years in residential care and completed psychotherapy and six therapists who had worked with this population. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Six themes emerged: (1) Attachment-Influenced Motivations and Goals; (2) Therapeutic Process as Corrective Attachment Experience; (3) Outcomes Reflecting Attachment Development; (4) Barriers to Therapeutic Engagement; (5) Client Resilience as a Resource; and (6) Termination as a Crucible for Attachment Dynamics. Conclusion: Therapy termination often activated earlier attachment patterns, with clients displaying preemptive withdrawal, feelings of unworthiness, or occasionally achieving healthy closure. For young people with residential care backgrounds, therapy termination is influenced by early attachment experiences and institutional histories. Therapists should approach termination with sensitivity, emphasise the therapeutic relationship, provide longer-term services when possible, and implement carefully planned endings. These findings contribute to developing more effective termination strategies for this vulnerable population. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Automated Differentiation of Caries Requiring Filling and Caries Necessitating Root Canal Treatment Using Machine Learning
No full textObjectivesNovice dentists or those at the onset of their professional careers require assistance in diagnosing cases that necessitate fillings or root canal treatments. In this study, we propose an innovative recommendation system based on deep learning to assist dentists in identifying the type of tooth caries (requiring filling and necessitating root canal treatment) and determining the appropriate treatment for detected caries. Correctly identifying the type of caries in teeth with no caries, only one type of caries, or more than one type of caries is important for determining the type of treatment to be applied.MethodsWe utilized 1253 bitewing images augmented with various variations, employing three different segmentation methods to automatically detect caries types in the first molar teeth. Furthermore, this study introduces a novel recommendation system for determining the treatment type required for the detected caries type, which represents a significant contribution to this field. The YOLOv8, U-Net, and Detectron-2 networks were evaluated for their efficacy in detecting various types of caries and recommending appropriate treatment methods.ResultsThe pixel-label-based comparative results generated by these methods on data labeled by experienced dentists were as follows: 95.03% for Detectron2, 90.88% for U-Net, and 89.23% for YOLOv8. The determination of the type of caries and the recommendation of the type of treatment differ from each other. In terms of treatment recommendations, the success rates of the three methods were as follows: Detectron-2, 88.09%; YOLOv8 70.23%; and U-Net, 61.90%. Consequently, Detectron-2 produced the most successful outcome among the three methods. These results are acceptable for the auxiliary treatment recommendation system.ConclusionThe system can serve as a supportive tool for less-experienced dentists and as a diagnostic aid for experienced practitioners. The learning-based segmentation method shows great promise for clinical use in the recommendation of treatment
Use of Flavonoid-Supported Scaffolds for Skin Tissue Injuries
No full textPressure ulcers are localized wounds that develop in specific pressure areas of the body, and if left untreated, they can progress into deep wounds that extend to the bone. The aim of this thesis is to produce scaffolds that can be potential candidates for the treatment of stage 2 or 3 pressure ulcers, which not only protect the wound area from external factors but also accelerate skin tissue healing. Antibacterial activity was conferred to the produced scaffolds by incorporating silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). To support skin tissue regeneration and alleviate cellular stress, oleuropein, an antioxidant compound abundantly found in olive leaves, was added to the scaffolds. The surface of the oleuropein-incorporated PCL scaffolds was first treated with argon plasma, and then AgNPs were synthesized in situ. Morphological characterizations of the scaffolds were performed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), surface analysis, porosity, and contact angle measurements. The antibacterial and antioxidant activities of the produced scaffolds were also evaluated, and their effects on L-929 fibroblast cell viability were examined. The results indicated that no significant differences were observed in the mechanical strength and FTIR analyses between the groups. However, as the amount of oleuropein incorporated into the scaffolds increased (20, 40, and 60 mg were added), the antibacterial activity also increased, which was attributed to the hydrophilic nature of oleuropein. The release profiles of silver ions and oleuropein from the scaffolds were investigated, and it was observed that both silver ions and oleuropein exhibited a rapid release profile within the first 72 hours. Since AgNPs were not covalently bonded to the surface, a rapid release of silver ions occurred when the scaffolds were placed in the release medium. Oleuropein, being a molecule with hydroxyl groups, has an affinity for water and thus dissolves easily in the release medium. The antibacterial properties of the AgNPs were tested, and it was found that the viability of E. coli and S. aureus bacterial strains decreased by 15% and 20%, respectively. The radical scavenging activities of oleuropein-containing scaffolds were also evaluated, with the group containing 60 mg of oleuropein showing a radical scavenging activity of over 90%. The cell viability studies demonstrated that cell adhesion and proliferation occurred on the scaffolds, with the cell viability in the group containing 60 mg of oleuropein reaching up to 120%. The wound healing test (scratch test) was conducted on the samples, and it was observed that the samples containing oleuropein achieved 100% wound closure at the end of 72 hours, compared to the control group, where the wound closure rate was calculated as 65.74% The antibacterial and antioxidant PCL scaffolds, which were intended to be produced at the beginning of the thesis, were successfully fabricated and analyzed. It is suggested that these scaffolds, with further modifications and additives, could be used as alternatives for the treatment of various skin tissue wounds.Dekübit ülserler vücudun belli basınç bölgelerinde meydana gelen lokalize yaralar olup, tedavi edilmediği takdirde kemiğe kadar ilerleyen derin yaralar oluşturmaktadırlar. Bu tez kapsamında amaçlanan 2. veya 3. evre dekübit ülserlerin tedavisi için aday olabilecek hem yara bölgesini dış etkenlerden koruyacak hem de deri dokusunun iyileştirmesini hızlandıracak hücre iskeleleri üretmektir. Üretilen hücre iskelelerine antibakteriyel etkinlik Gümüş nanoparçacık (AgNp) ile kazandırılmıştır. Deri doku rejenerasyonunu desteklemesi ve hücresel stresi ortamdan uzaklaştırması için hücre iskelelerine antioksidan bir malzeme olan ve zeytin yapraklarında bol miktarda bulunan Oleuropein katkılanmıştır. Oleuropein katkılı PCL hücre iskelelerinin yüzeyine önce Argon plazma uygulanmış, daha sonra AgNp'ler in situ olarak sentezlenmiştir. Hücre iskelelerinin morfolojik karakterizasyonları taramalı elektron mikroskobu (SEM), dinamik ışık saçılımı (DLS), Fourier'in kızılötesi spektroskopisi (FTIR), yüzey analizi, porozite ve temas açısı ölçümleriyle yapılmıştır. Üretilen hücre iskelelerinin antibakteriyel ve antioksidan etkinliklerine de bakılmış, L-929 fibroblast hücre canlılığına etkileri incelenmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda hücre iskelelerinin mekanik mukavemetlerinde ve FTIR analizlerinde gruplar anlamlı arası bir farklılığa rastlanmamıştır. Öte yandan, hücre iskelelerine katkılanan oleuropein miktarı arttıkça (20, 40 ve 60 mg katkılanmıştır.) antibakteriyel etkinin arttığı, bu durumun da oleuropeinin hidrofilik yapısından kaynaklandığı belirlenmiştir. Hücre iskelelerinden Gümüş iyonu ve oleuropein salımlarına bakılmış, ilk 72 saatte hem Gümüş iyonlarının hem de oleuropeinin hızlı bir salım profili sergilediği görülmüştür. AgNp'ler yüzeye kovalent bağlanmadığı için hücre iskeleleri salım ortamına alındığında yüzeyden hızlı bir şekilde Gümüş iyon salımı gerçekleşmektedir. Oleuropein ise yapısında bulunan hidroksil grupları sebebiyle suya afinitesi olan bir moleküldür ve salım ortamında rahatça çözünmektedir. Üretilen AgNp'lerin antibakteriyel özelliklerine bakılmış, E. coli ve S. aureus bakteri suşlarında sırasıyla canlılığı %15 ve %20'lere kadar düşürdüğü saptanmıştır. Oleuropein içeren hücre iskelelerinin radikal süpürme etkinlikleri incelenmiştir. 60 mg oleuropein içeren örnek grubunun radikal süpürme etkinliğinin %90'ın üzerinde olduğu saptanmıştır. Malzemelerin hücre canlılıklarına bakıldığında hücre tutunumunun ve çoğalmasının gerçekleştiği görülmüştür. 60 mg oleuropein içeren örnek gruplarında hücre canlılığı %120'lere kadar çıkmıştır. Örneklerle yara kapanma testi (çizik testi) yapılmış ve Oleuropein içeren örneklerin 72 saatin sonunda kontrol grubuna kıyasla (Yara kapanma oranı %65.74 olarak hesaplanmıştır.) yara kapanmasını %100 sağladığı görülmüştür. Tezin başında üretilmesi planlanan antibakteriyel ve antioksidan etki gösteren PCL hücre iskelelerinin üretimi sağlanmış, analizleri yapılmıştır. Örneklere Sunulan bu hücre iskelelerinin çeşitli modifikasyonlar ve katkılamalarla farklı deri doku yaraları için de alternatif olarak kullanılabileceği düşünülmektedir
Kalp-Akciğer Makinelerinde Peristaltik ve Santrifüj Pompa Kontrolü ile Basınç Regülasyonu
No full textKalp-Akciğer Makinesi (KAM), Kardiyopulmoner Baypas (KPB) sırasında kullanılan ve geçici olarak kalbin ve akciğerin işlevini üstlenen bir cihazdır. KPB sırasında, bu cihaz kanı vücut dışına alarak oksijenlendirir, karbondioksiti uzaklaştırır ve dolaşıma geri pompalar. Vücuttan alınan kanı oksijenlendirerek dolaşıma geri verirken aynı zamanda kan basıncı, akış hızı, kan sıcaklığı ve oksijen doygunluğu gibi birçok fizyolojik parametrenin sürekli takibini sağlar. KPB sırasında arteriyel kan basıncının kontrolü, hasta morbidite ve mortalitesini doğrudan etkileyen kritik bir faktördür. Yüksek arteriyel basınç, özellikle serebral kanama ve nörolojik komplikasyon riskini artırabilir. Bu tez kapsamında, Kalp-Akciğer Makinelerinde ameliyat süresince hastanın kan basıncını izleyen ve regüle eden bir algoritma geliştirilmiştir. Algoritma, basınç regülasyon seviyesinin aşılması durumunda basıncı hedef değere düşürmeyi, regülasyon seviyesinin altına inilmesi durumunda ise pompa hızını regülasyon öncesindeki seviyeye ulaştırmayı amaçlamaktadır. Bu doğrultuda, peristaltik (roller) ve santrifüj pompalarının hızları kontrol edilmektedir. Çalışmanın ilk aşamasında, muadil Kalp-Akciğer Makinelerinin çalışma prensipleri incelenmiş ve sağlık personeliyle yapılan görüşmeler sonucunda sistem gereksinimleri belirlenmiştir. Bu gereksinim analizine dayanarak, basınç verilerinin stabilizasyonu ve kontrol algoritmasının kararlılığı için filtreleme yöntemleri uygulanmıştır. Filtrelenen basınç verileri, kontrol algoritmasına girdi olarak verilmiştir. Kontrol algoritmasının çıkışında elde edilen RPM (Revolution Per Minute) değeri ve filtrelenen basınç verileri için yakınlık algoritması geliştirilerek, kontrol sürecinde meydana gelebilecek kararsızlıkların ve basınç dalgalanmalarının önüne geçilmiştir. Çalışmanın bir diğer aşamasında, sistemin deneysel analizleri gerçekleştirilerek elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda, basınç regülasyonunda sistem davranışını yansıtan temel bir model oluşturulmuştur. Hortum hatlarına uygulanan sabit klemp açıklık oranlarında elde edilen peristaltik pompa hızı ve basınç verilerine polinom uyumlandırılarak, RPM ve klemp açıklık oranları kullanıldığında basınç değerini hesaplayan bir fonksiyon geliştirilmiştir. Bu fonksiyon kullanılarak oluşturulan model, açık çevrim ve PI kontrolcüyle birlikte kapalı çevrim olarak test edilmiştir. Çalışmanın bulguları, geliştirilen kontrol algoritmasının her iki pompa tipi için de etkili bir şekilde çalışarak basınç değerini kontrol altında tuttuğunu ve santrifüj pompaların basınç regülasyonunda daha kararlı bir sonuç verdiğini göstermiştir. Peristaltik pompaların mekanik yapısının basınç verisi ve kontrol algoritması üzerindeki etkileri de ayrıca değerlendirilmiştir.The Heart-Lung Machine (HLM) is a device used during Cardiopulmonary Bypass (CPB) that temporarily takes over the functions of the heart and lung. During CPB, this device removes blood from the body, removes carbon dioxide and oxygenates it, and pumps it back into circulation. While oxygenating and returning the blood to circulation, it also provides continuous monitoring of many physiological parameters such as blood pressure, flow rate, blood temperature and oxygen saturation. The control of arterial blood pressure during CPB is a critical factor that directly affects patient morbidity and mortality. High arterial pressure can significantly increase the risk of cerebral hemorrhage and neurological complications. As part of this thesis, an algorithm has been developed to monitor and regulate the patient's blood pressure during surgery in Heart-Lung Machines. The algorithm aims to reduce the pressure to the target value if the regulation level is exceeded and to restore the pump speed to its pre-regulation level if the pressure falls below the regulation threshold. Accordingly, the speeds of the peristaltic (roller) and centrifugal pumps are controlled. In the initial phase of the study, the operating principles of similar Heart-Lung Machines were examined, and system requirements were identified through discussions with healthcare professionals. Based on this requirements analysis, filtering methods were applied to stabilize the pressure data and ensure the stability of the control algorithm. The filtered pressure data were fed into the control algorithm as input. For the RPM (Revolution Per Minute) values obtained from the algorithm output and the filtered pressure data, a proximity algorithm was developed to prevent instabilities and pressure fluctuations that might occur during the control process. In another phase of the study, experimental analyses of the system were conducted, and based on the obtained data, a fundamental model reflecting the system behavior in pressure regulation was created. Polynomial fitting was applied to the peristaltic pump speed and pressure data obtained at fixed clamp opening ratios applied to the tubing, and a function was developed to calculate the pressure value when using RPM and clamp opening ratios. The model created using this function was tested both in open-loop and closed-loop with a PI controller. The findings of the study showed that the developed control algorithm effectively controlled the pressure for both pump types, and that the centrifugal pumps provided a more stable result in pressure regulation. The effects of the mechanical structure of the peristaltic pumps on the pressure data and the control algorithm were also evaluated
Uniquely Human Temporal Thoughts
No full textLife on Earth will eventually come to an end. The thought expressed in the previous sentence is about a point in time that is not known to the individual entertaining the thought. This paper is concerned with the nature of such temporal thoughts. We propose that the capacity to mentally represent thoughts about non-specific temporal intervals is a unique aspect of human cognition. We suggest that this capacity is a consequence of the fact that human grammar defines/generates sentences involving binding of temporal variables and quantification over intervals. This leads to a view of language evolution as a transition between logics