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Cross-Talk Simulation for an FBG-Based Underwater Acoustic Sensor Array Using VPI Photonics
No full textUltra-weak fiber Bragg grating (UWFBG) arrays have recently emerged as essential tools for quasi-distributed fiber optic sensing, particularly in applications such as temperature measurement, structural health monitoring and underwater acoustic sensing. However, significant cross-talk can occur in near-identical serial FBG sensor networks due to multiple reflections as result, the individual sensor readings become blurred or indistinguishable, reducing the accuracy and reliability of the measurements. Since the cross-talk effect cannot be directly and independently observed from the signal, experimental investigations into cross-talk present considerable challenges [1, 2]. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Development of Novel On-Chip Optical Components via Advanced Design Methods for Time-Domain Terahertz Radio-on-Fiber Applications
No full textTerahertz (THz) bandı, elektromanyetik spektrumda mikrodalga ve optik frekans bantları arasında yer almakta olup, tipik olarak 0.1 ila 10 THz arasındaki frekansları kapsamaktadır. Özellikle 100 GHz'in üzerindeki THz frekanslarında elde edilen geniş bant genişlikleri, geleceğin kablosuz haberleşme sistemleri için büyük bir ilgi odağı haline gelmiştir. Bu bantlar, terabitler seviyesinde veri iletim hızları sunarak, milimetre dalga tabanlı kablosuz sistemlerden yaklaşık yüz kat daha yüksek aktarım hızlarına ulaşılmasını mümkün kılmaktadır. Ancak, THz frekanslarının sunduğu avantajlardan tam anlamıyla yararlanabilmek için, geniş çalışma bant genişliğine ve yüksek güç seviyelerine sahip yüksek performanslı terahertz kaynakları ve algılayıcıların geliştirilmesi önemli bir araştırma problemi olarak varlığını sürdürmektedir. THz dalgalarının üretilmesinde fotoiletim yöntemi, doğrusal olmayan optik süreçlere kıyasla çok daha yüksek güç verimliliği sunmakta olup, teorik olarak %100 verime ulaşma potansiyeline sahiptir. Ancak, bu yöntemin etkin bir şekilde kullanılabilmesi için, üretilen THz sinyallerinin faz, genlik, uzak alan profili ve hüzme yönlendirme açısı gibi temel parametrelerinin yüksek verimlilik ve hassas bir şekilde kontrol edilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu kontrolün, ultrakısa optik darbelerin fotoiletken antenlerin aktif bölgelerine ulaşmadan önce, optik darbeleri ilgili işlemleri yerine getirecek şekilde uyaran yonga üstü fotonik mimari sayesinde en yüksek performans ve ölçeklenebilirlikle sağlanabileceği öngörülmektedir. Bu doğrultuda, terahertz sinyal yayılımında kritik bir rol oynayan ultrakısa optik darbelerin (özellikle 100 femtosaniye altı) çok kanallı fotonik mimari içerisinde bozulmadan ilerleyebilmesi ve farklı kanallar arasında gecikme süresi üzerinde hassas ayarlamalar yapılabilmesi, fotonik entegre devrelerin zaman alanında yüksek hassasiyet ile tasarlanmasını zorunlu kılmaktadır. Bu kapsamda, yonga üstü optik bağdaştırıcılar, zaman alanı gecikme hatları, güç bölücüler, yansıtıcılar, optik kıvrımlar (bends), geçiş bölgeleri, mod dönüştürücüler ve ışık yönlendiriciler gibi kilit bileşenlerin ultrakısa darbelerin spektral ve zamansal bütünlüğünü koruyacak şekilde optimize edilmesi, yeni optimizasyon yöntemlerinin geliştirilmesi büyük önem taşımaktadır. Bu tez çalışmasında, terahertz zaman-alanı hüzme yönlendirmeli fotoiletken anten dizisi için fotonik mimari bileşenleri belirlenerek hibrit terahertz-fotonik mimarisi oluşturulmuş; bu bileşenlerin ultrahızlı darbeler odaklı tasarımı, farklı malzeme platformlarında ve terahertz fotoiletken antenleri ile hibrit olarak üretimi, ayrıca hem zaman alanı hem de frekans alanı karakterizasyonu konuları incelenmiştir. Tezin ilk bölümünde terahertz entegre fotonik sistemlere genel bir giriş yapıldıktan sonra ikinci kısımda yüksek dispersiyon profiline sahip fotonik dalga kılavuzlarında ultrahızlı darbe yayılımı ve zaman alanı dinamikleri ele alınmıştır. Bu kapsamda, ultra hızlı darbelerle gerçek zamanlı gecikme hatları ve hüzme yönlendirme uygulamalarının verimli bir şekilde gerçekleştirilebilmesi için, gecikme hatlarının yapısal parametrelerinin yüksek tepe gücü, gelişmiş zamansal çözünürlük ve uzatılmış darbe depolama süresi gibi kritik performans metrikleri üzerindeki etkileri incelenmiş ve uygulamaya özel optimum tasarımlar elde edilmiştir. Tezin üçüncü bölümünde, hüzme yönlendirme uygulamalarında kullanılacak dispersif fotonik dalga kılavuzlarının, çok kanallı fotonik mimarilerde daha ölçeklenebilir şekilde çalışmasını sağlamak amacıyla, kristal kafes yapıları ve grup indis profilleriyle uyumlu optik güç bölücüler, grup indis geçiş bölgeleri, optik kıvrımlar ve yansıtıcıların tasarımı ele alınmıştır. Bu bileşenlerin düşük kayıplı, geniş bantlı ve Bloch mod profillerini koruyacak şekilde optimize edilmesi için ileri tasarım yöntemleri kullanılarak en uygun topolojiler elde edilmiştir. Ayrıca, benzer ileri tasarım yaklaşımları, özellikle silisyum nitrür tabanlı gerçek zamanlı gecikme hatlarında karşılaşılan sorunların çözümüne yönelik olarak da gösterilmiştir. Tezin dördüncü bölümünde, silikon ve silikon nitrür tabanlı fotonik mimarilerin sırasıyla 100 ve 150 nm seviyesinde hassasiyetle üretim adımları detaylandırılmış ve bu yapıların terahertz fotoiletken antenlerle hibrit entegrasyonu ele alınmıştır. Ardından, frekans ve zaman alanı ölçüm süreçleri kapsamlı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. İlk olarak, önceki bölümlerde ifade edilen fotonik bileşenlerin frekans alanı karakterizasyonu nasıl gerçekleştirildiği ve ölçüm verilerinin analizine yönelik metodolojiler açıklanmıştır. Daha sonra, zaman alanı ölçümleri, geleneksel sürekli dalga (CW) fotonik ölçümlerinden elde edilen verilerle Sonlu Darbe Tepkisi (FIR) modeli kullanılarak, tasarlanan yapıların ultrahızlı darbeler altındaki performansının deneysel olarak nasıl doğrulandığı ifade edilmiştir. Önerilen yöntemler ve tasarımlar, yalnızca terahertz dalga formu üretimi ile sınırlı kalmayıp, fotonik nöromorfik hesaplama, fotonik sinir ağları, fotonik LiDAR ve kuantum fotonik gibi birçok ileri teknoloji alanında da önemli bir potansiyel sunmaktadır.The terahertz (THz) band, located between the microwave and optical frequency ranges in the electromagnetic spectrum, typically spans frequencies from 0.1 to 10 THz. In particular, the wide bandwidths available at THz frequencies above 100 GHz have attracted significant interest for future wireless communication systems, enabling data rates on the order of terabits per second—approximately 100 times higher than those achievable with millimeter-wave systems. However, to fully harness the advantages of THz frequencies, the development of high-performance THz sources and detectors with ultrawide operational bandwidths and high-power levels remains a critical research challenge. In THz generation, the photoconduction method offers considerably higher power efficiency compared to nonlinear optical processes, with a theoretical potential of achieving 100% efficiency. Nevertheless, effective implementation of this approach requires precise and ultra efficient control of essential parameters—such as phase, amplitude, far-field profile, and beam steering angle—of the generated THz signals. This control is expected to be realized with maximum performance and scalability through an on-chip photonic architecture that manipulates ultrashort optical pulses to perform the intended operations prior to reaching the active regions of the photoconductive antennas. In this context, the ability of ultrashort optical pulses (particularly those shorter than 100 femtoseconds) to propagate without degradation through a multi-channel photonic architecture while enabling precise time-delay control across different channels necessitates the design of photonic integrated circuits optimized for ultrafast time-domain dynamics. To this end, it is critical to redesign key components—such as on-chip optical couplers, true time delay lines, power splitters, reflectors, optical bends, transition regions, mode converters, and optical switches—in a way that preserves the spectral and temporal integrity of ultrashort pulses. Moreover, the development of advanced optimization methods is essential to achieving these objectives. In this thesis, a hybrid THz-photonic architecture is designed for a THz time-domain beam-steering photoconductive antenna array system through the identification and integration of appropriate on-chip photonic components. The design of these components, their hybrid integration on various material platforms alongside THz photoconductive antennas, and their characterization in both the time and frequency domains are investigated. The first chapter of the thesis provides a general introduction to terahertz integrated photonic systems, followed by a second chapter that addresses ultrafast pulse propagation and time-domain dynamics in dispersive photonic waveguides. To efficiently realize true time delay lines and beam-steering operations for ultrafast applications, the influence of structural parameters on key performance metrics—such as high peak power, enhanced temporal resolution, and extended pulse storage duration—is analyzed. In the third part, the design of optical power splitters, group-index-engineered transition regions, optical bends, and reflectors is examined to ensure the scalable operation of dispersive photonic waveguides within multi-channel photonic architectures for beam-steering applications. Advanced design methods have been employed to achieve low-loss, wideband performance while preserving Bloch mode crystal lattice profiles. Furthermore, similar advanced design approaches have been applied to overcome challenges in silicon nitride true time delay lines. In the fourth part of the thesis, the fabrication steps of silicon- and silicon nitride-based photonic architecture with nanometer-scale precision (down to 100 and 150 nm, respectively) are presented in detail, along with their hybrid integration with terahertz photoconductive antennas. Subsequently, the detail of the frequency- and time-domain measurement processes are examined. First, the frequency-domain characterization of the photonic components discussed in the previous chapters is presented, along with the methodologies used to analyze the measurement data. Then, the time-domain measurement steps are presented based on the fundamentals of the Finite Impulse Response (FIR) model, using data obtained from conventional continuous-wave (CW) photonic measurements to demonstrate how the performance of the designed structures is experimentally validated under ultrafast pulse excitation. The proposed methods and designs are not limited to THz waveform generation; they also hold significant potential for advanced applications, including photonic neuromorphic computing, photonic neural networks, photonic LiDAR, and quantum photonics
Control Signaling for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: How Many Bits Are Needed
No full textIEEE Communications Society; IEEE Montreal Section; IEEE Ottawa SectionReconfigurable intelligent surfaces (RISs) can greatly improve the signal quality of future communication systems by reflecting transmitted signals toward the receiver. However, even when the base station (BS) has perfect channel knowledge and can compute the optimal RIS phase-shift configuration, implementing this configuration requires feedback signaling over a control channel from the BS to the RIS. This feedback must be kept minimal, as it is transmitted wirelessly every time the channel changes. In this paper, we examine how the feedback load, measured in bits, affects the performance of an RIS-aided system. Specifically, we investigate the trade-offs between codebook-based and element-wise feedback schemes, and how these influence the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). We propose a novel quantization codebook tailored for line-of-sight (LoS) that guarantees a minimal SNR loss using a number of feedback bits that scale logarithmically with the number of RIS elements. We demonstrate the codebook's usefulness over Rician fading channels and how to extend it to handle a non-zero static path. Numerical simulations and analytical analysis are performed to quantify the performance degradation that results from a reduced feedback load, shedding light on how efficiently RIS configurations can be fed back in practical systems. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Search for Emerging Jets in Pp Collisions at √s = 13.6 TeV with the ATLAS Experiment
No full textA search for emerging jets is presented using 51.8 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data at √s = 13.6 TeV, collected by the ATLAS experiment during 2022 and 2023. The search explores a hypothetical dark sector featuring ‘dark quarks’ that are charged under a confining gauge group and couple to the standard model (SM) via a new mediator particle. These dark quarks undergo showering and hadronisation within the dark sector, forming long-lived dark mesons that decay back into SM particles. This results in jets that contain multiple displaced vertices known as emerging jets. The analysis targets events with pairs of emerging jets, produced either through a vector mediator, Z′, in the s-channel, or a scalar mediator, Φ, in the t-channel. No significant excess over the SM background is observed. Assuming a dark pion proper decay length between 5 mm and 50 mm, Z′ mediator masses between 600 GeV and 2550 GeV are excluded for quark and dark quark coupling values of 0.01 and 0.1, respectively. For a quark dark-quark coupling of 0.1, Φ mediator masses between 600 GeV and 1375 GeV are excluded. These results represent the first direct search targeting emerging jet pair production via a Z′ mediator, as well as the first study of emerging jet production mediated by a scalar particle exchanged in the t-channel. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Saudi Arabia-Israel Relations After the Arab Spring: Dynamics of Normalization from Role Theory Perspective
No full textGelişmekte Olan Ülkelerde Yenilenebilir Enerji Geçişi: Türkiye, Polonya ve Bulgaristan'ın Karşılaştırmalı Bir Analizi
No full textBu tez, enerji ithalatına bağımlı gelişmekte olan ülkelerde yenilenebilir enerji dönüşümünün (RET) kurumsal düzeyde nasıl yönetişildiğini açıklamayı amaçlamaktadır. Kuramsal olarak Tarihsel Kurumsalcılık (Historical Institutionalism) ile Çok Düzeyli Perspektif (Multi-Level Perspective) yaklaşımlarını bir araya getiren bu çalışma, RET'in sadece teknik veya teknolojik bir süreç değil, aynı zamanda mevcut enerji rejimlerinin içinden geçen, çoğu zaman kademeli ve karmaşık ilerleyen bir kurumsal dönüşüm olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Çalışmada, Türkiye, Polonya ve Bulgaristan örnek olayları, aynı dönemsel bağlamda (2011– 2023) ve benzer dışsal baskılar altında (Paris Anlaşması, AB Yönergeleri, Rusya- Ukrayna Savaşı gibi) karşılaştırmalı olarak analiz edilmiştir. Tezin temel hipotezi, enerji ithalatına bağımlı gelişmekte olan ülkelerde RET süreçlerinin büyük ölçüde patika bağımlılığı ve yerleşik kurumsal yapıların sürekliliği tarafından belirlendiğini ortaya koymaktadır. Bu çerçevede, kurumsal değişimin normatif ya da değer temelli bir dönüşümden ziyade, çıkar yapılarına uyumlu biçimde, kademeli olarak gerçekleştiği gözlemlenmiştir. İkinci hipotezde, mezzo düzey kurumlar ile mikro düzey aktörler arasındaki kurumsal uyumun (coherence) varlığı, daha öngörülebilir ve istikrarlı bir dönüşümle ilişkilendirilmiştir. Türkiye'de bu uyumun kısmen sağlandığı, Polonya'da ise kamu ve özel sektör arasındaki etkileşimin zayıf olduğu, Bulgaristan'da ise uyumun büyük oranda dışsal aktörler (AB) tarafından sağlandığı görülmüştür. Üçüncü hipotez çerçevesinde, ülkelerin farklı kurumsal değişim yolları izlediği gösterilmiştir. Polonya'da yüksek takdir yetkisi ve güçlü yerleşik çıkar gruplarının oluşturduğu denge, dönüşümün sürüklenmesine yol açmış (sürüklenen yönetişim – drifted governance). Bulgaristan'da kurumsal atalete rağmen dışsal baskılarla katmanlı ama zorunlu bir uyum süreci gözlemlenmiş (zorunlu katmanlaşma – compelled layering). Türkiye'de ise güçlü piyasa talepleri ve düzenleyici aktivizm ile biçimlenen, ancak siyasi seçiciliğin filtrelediği bir dönüşüm süreci yaşanmış (kontrollü dönüşüm – gated conversion). Bu tez, literatüre hem kavramsal hem de ampirik düzeyde katkı sunmaktadır. Kavramsal olarak, Mahoney ve Thelen'ın (2010) kurumsal değişim tipolojisini genişletmekte ve 'zorunlu katmanlaşma' ile 'kontrollü dönüşüm' gibi yeni yönetişim modelleri önermektedir. Ampirik olarak ise, enerji dönüşümüne dair literatürde çoğunlukla göz ardı edilen enerji ithalatçısı gelişmekte olan ülkelerdeki süreçleri derinlemesine analiz ederek, bu ülkelerde kurumsal değişimin nasıl aktörler arası ilişkiler, rejim sürekliliği ve düzenleyici açıklık çerçevesinde yönetişildiğini ortaya koymaktadır.This dissertation investigates how the renewable energy transition (RET) is governed institutionally in energy-importing developing countries. Theoretically, it integrates Historical Institutionalism and the Multi-Level Perspective to argue that RET is not simply a technological or market-driven shift, but a gradual and often complex process of institutional transformation embedded within existing energy regimes. The study uses Türkiye, Poland, and Bulgaria as comparative case studies, analyzing their RET pathways under similar temporal (2011–2023) and external pressures (e.g., the Paris Agreement, EU directives, and the Russia-Ukraine War). The central hypothesis posits that RET in energy-importing developing countries is primarily shaped by path dependencies and the persistence of entrenched institutional structures. Institutional change is shown to follow incremental, interest-aligned trajectories rather than normative or value-driven transformations. The second hypothesis highlights that the coherence between mezzo-level institutions and micro- level actors helps foster more predictable and stable RET processes. Türkiye displays partial coherence, Poland exhibits externally pressured yet institutionally constrained coherence due to the dominance of vested interests in the incumbent energy mix, while Bulgaria demonstrates externally driven coherence limited by regulatory inertia and a state-centric governance structure, resulting in adaptation shaped more by EU compliance than domestic initiative. The third hypothesis distinguishes the variation in institutional change trajectories across countries. In Poland, a combination of high iv discretionary power and strong vested interests has led to inaction—characterizing a drifted governance model. Bulgaria, under structural inertia and low domestic demand, has followed a compelled layering pattern driven by external compliance rather than domestic initiative. Türkiye's path, shaped by market demand and regulatory activism, has evolved into a gated conversion model, where transformation is selective, filtered by incumbent power and centralized discretion. The dissertation makes both conceptual and empirical contributions to the literature. Conceptually, it extends Mahoney and Thelen's (2010) institutional change typology by proposing new forms such as 'compelled layering' and 'gated conversion.' Empirically, it offers a rare in-depth analysis of RET governance in energy-importing developing countries—an area often neglected in transition studies—demonstrating how institutional change is mediated by actor relations, regime persistence, and regulatory openness
Fair and Energy-Efficient Activation Control Mechanisms for Repeater-Assisted Massive MIMO
No full textMassive multiple-input multiple-output (mMIMO) has been the core of 5G due to its ability to improve spectral efficiency and spatial multiplexing significantly; however, cell-edge users still experience performance degradation due to inter-cell interference and uneven signal distribution. While cell-free mMIMO (cfmMIMO) addresses this issue by providing uniform coverage through distributed antennas, it requires significantly more deployment cost due to the fronthaul and tight synchronization requirements. Alternatively, repeater-assisted massive MIMO (RA-MIMO) has recently been proposed to extend the coverage of cellular mMIMO by densely deploying low-cost single-antenna repeaters capable of amplifying and forwarding signals. In this work, we investigate amplification control for the repeaters for two different goals: (i) providing a fair performance among users, and (ii) reducing the extra energy consumption by the deployed repeaters. We propose a max-min amplification control algorithm using the convex-concave procedure for fairness and a joint sleep mode and amplification control algorithm for energy efficiency, comparing long- and short-term strategies. Numerical results show that RA-MIMO, with maximum amplification, improves signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) by over 20 dB compared to mMIMO and performs within 1 dB of cfmMIMO when deploying the same number of repeaters as access points in cfmMIMO. Additionally, our majority-rule-based long-term sleep mechanism reduces repeater power consumption by 70% while maintaining less than 1% spectral efficiency outage. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
A Compliant Mandrel-Based Fiber Optic Hydrophone for Underwater Acoustic Sensing
No full textThis paper presents the design, numerical modeling, and experimental validation of a mandrel-based fiber-optic hydrophone (FOH) tailored for underwater acoustic sensing. The hydrophone leverages a compliant mandrel structure to transduce radial pressure-induced strain into axial strain along an optical fiber wound around the mandrel, with acoustic signals retrieved via interferometric techniques. A comprehensive three-dimensional finite element model is developed to evaluate the mechanical response and sensitivity characteristics of the hydrophone. Experimental validation is conducted in a water tank using a calibrated piezoelectric transducer, confirming the simulated predictions. The designed FOH exhibits a mean acoustic pressure sensitivity of −135.28 dB re rad/μPa over the frequency range of 250 Hz to 8 kHz, which is competitive with state-of-the-art FOH designs reported in recent literature. The pressure noise floor characterization yielded a value of 43.28 dB re rad²/Hz at 1 kHz, demonstrating the hydrophone’s capability to detect weak acoustic signals below Deep-Sea State 0 (DSS0) up to frequencies above 1 kHz. The results suggest that this mandrel-based FOH design offers a robust, scalable, and cost-effective solution for large-scale underwater acoustic monitoring systems, with strong potential for integration into fiber-optic sensor arrays used in oceanographic, industrial, and defense applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved
Improved Reconstruction of Highly Boosted Τ-Lepton Pairs in the Ττ → (Μνμντ) + Ντ) Decay Channels with the ATLAS Detector
No full textBarton, Adam/0000-0001-9696-9497; Fox, Harald/0000-0003-3089-6090; Muenstermann, Daniel/0000-0001-6223-2497; Jones, Roger/0000-0002-6427-3513; Kartvelishvili, Vakhtang/0000-0002-1957-3787; Meng, Lingxin/0000-0002-2901-6589; Borissov, Guennadi/0000-0002-4226-9521; Pleier, Marc-Andre/0000-0002-9461-3494; Bouhova-Thacker, Evelina/0000-0002-5103-1558; Hagan, Alina Isobel/0000-0002-2079-4739; Wharton, Andrew/0000-0002-9507-1869This paper presents a new tau-lepton reconstruction and identification procedure at the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider, which leads to significantly improved performance in the case of physics processes where a highly boosted pair of tau-leptons is produced and one tau-lepton decays into a muon and two neutrinos (tau mu), and the other decays into hadrons and one neutrino (tau had). By removing the muon information from the signals used for reconstruction and identification of the tau had candidate in the boosted pair, the efficiency is raised to the level expected for an isolated tau(had). The new procedure is validated by selecting a sample of highly boosted Z ->tau(mu) tau(had) candidates from the data sample of 140 fb(-1) of proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector. Good agreement is found between data and simulation predictions in both the Z ->tau(mu) tau(had) signal region and in a background validation region. The results presented in this paper demonstrate the effectiveness of the tau(had) reconstruction with muon removal in enhancing the signal sensitivity of the boosted tau(mu)tau(had) channel at the ATLAS detector.We thank CERN for the very successful operation of the LHC and its injectors, as well as the support staff at CERN and at our institutions worldwide without whom ATLAS could not be operated efficiently. The crucial computing support from all WLCG partners is acknowledged gratefully, in particular from CERN, the ATLAS Tier-1 facilities at TRIUMF/SFU (Canada), NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden), CC-IN2P3 (France), KIT/GridKA (Germany), INFN-CNAF (Italy), NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain), RAL (UK) and BNL (USA), the Tier-2 facilities worldwide and large non-WLCG resource providers. Major contributors of computing resources are listed in Ref. [ATL-SOFT-PUB-2025-001]. We gratefully acknowledge the support of ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW and FWF, Austria; ANAS, Azerbaijan; CNPq and FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC, NRC and CFI, Canada; CERN; ANID, Chile; CAS, MOST and NSFC, China; Minciencias, Colombia; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF and DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS and CEADRF/IRFU, France; SRNSFG, Georgia; BMBF, HGF and MPG, Germany; GSRI, Greece; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ICHEP and Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT and JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MSTDI, Serbia; MSSR, Slovakia; ARIS and MVZI, Slovenia; DSI/NRF, South Africa; MICIU/AEI, Spain; SRC and Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SERI, SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSTC, Taipei; TENMAK, Turkiye; STFC/UKRI, United Kingdom; DOE and NSF, United States of America. Individual groups and members have received support from BCKDF, CANARIE, CRC and DRAC, Canada; CERN-CZ, FORTE and PRIMUS, Czech Republic; COST, ERC, ERDF, Horizon 2020, ICSC-NextGenerationEU and Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex and ANR, France; DFG and AvH Foundation, Germany; Herakleitos, Thales and Aristeia programmes co-financed by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF and MINERVA, Israel; NCN and NAWA, Poland; La Caixa Banking Foundation, CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya and PROMETEO and GenT Programmes Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; The Royal Society and Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom. In addition, individual members wish to acknowledge support from Armenia: Yerevan Physics Institute (FAPERJ); CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN DOCT); Chile: Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (FONDECYT 1230812, FONDECYT 1230987, FONDECYT 1240864); China: Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology (MOST-2023YFA1605700, MOST-2023YFA1609300), National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC - 12175119, NSFC12275265, NSFC-12075060); Czech Republic: Czech Science Foundation (GACR - 24-11373S), Ministry of Education Youth and Sports (FORTE CZ.02.01. 01/00/22_008/0004632), PRIMUS Research Programme (PRIMUS/21/SCI/017); EU: H2020 European Research Council (ERC - 101002463); European Union: European Research Council (ERC - 948254, ERC 101089007, ERC, BARD, 101116429), European Union, Future Artificial Intelligence Research (FAIR-NextGenerationEU PE00000013), Italian Center for High Performance Computing, Big Data and Quantum Computing (ICSC, NextGenerationEU); France: Agence Nationale de la Recherche (ANR-20-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0022, ANR-22-EDIR-0002); Germany: Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung (BW Stiftung-Postdoc Eliteprogramme), Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG - 469666862, DFG - CR 312/5-2); Italy: Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (ICSC, NextGenerationEU), Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca (PRIN - 20223N7F8K - PNRRM4.C2.1.1); Japan: Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI JP22H01227, JSPS KAKENHI JP22H04944, JSPS KAKENHI JP22KK0227, JSPS KAKENHI JP23KK0245); Netherlands: Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research (NWO Veni 2020 - VI.Veni.202.179); Norway: Research Council of Norway (RCN-314472); Poland: Ministry of Science and Higher Education (IDUB AGH, POB8, D4 no 9722), Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange (PPN/PPO/2020/1/00002/U/00001), Polish National Science Centre (NCN 2021/42/E/ST2/00350, NCN OPUS 2023/51/B/ST2/02507, NCN OPUS nr 2022/47/B/ST2/03059, NCN UMO-2019/34/E/ST2/00393, NCN ; H2020 MSCA 945339, UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/01043, UMO-2021/40/C/ST2/00187, UMO-2022/47/O/ST2/00148, UMO-2023/49/B/ST2/04085, UMO-2023/51/B/ST2/00920, UMO-2024/53/N/ST2/00869); Slovenia: Slovenian Research Agency (ARIS grant J1-3010); Spain: Generalitat Valenciana (Artemisa, FEDER, IDIFEDER/2018/048), Ministry of Science and Innovation (MCIN ; NextGenEU PCI2022-135018-2, MICIN ; FEDERPID2021-125273NB, RYC2019-028510-I, RYC2020-030254-I, RYC2021-031273-I, RYC2022-038164-I); Sweden: Carl Trygger Foundation (Carl Trygger Foundation CTS 22:2312), Swedish Research Council (Swedish Research Council 2023-04654, VR 2018-00482, VR 2022-03845, VR 2022-04683, VR 2023-03403, VR grant 2021-03651), Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (KAW 2018.0458, KAW 2019.0447, KAW 2022.0358); Switzerland: Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF - PCEFP2_194658); United Kingdom: Leverhulme Trust (Leverhulme Trust RPG-2020-004), Royal Society (NIF-R1-231091); United States of America: U.S. Department of Energy (ECA DE-AC02-76SF00515), Neubauer Family Foundation.CERN; NDGF (Denmark, Norway, Sweden); KIT/GridKA (Germany); INFN-CNAF (Italy); NL-T1 (Netherlands), PIC (Spain); BNL (USA) [ATL-SOFT-PUB-2025-001]; ANPCyT, Argentina; YerPhI, Armenia; ARC, Australia; BMWFW; FWF, Austria; ANAS; CNPq; FAPESP, Brazil; NSERC; CFI, Canada; NSFC, China; MEYS CR, Czech Republic; DNRF; DNSRC, Denmark; IN2P3-CNRS; CEADRF/IRFU, France; BMBF; MPG, Germany; RGC and Hong Kong SAR, China; ICHEP; Academy of Sciences and Humanities, Israel; INFN, Italy; MEXT; JSPS, Japan; CNRST, Morocco; NWO, Netherlands; RCN, Norway; MNiSW, Poland; FCT, Portugal; MNE/IFA, Romania; MSSR, Slovakia; Wallenberg Foundation, Sweden; SNSF and Cantons of Bern and Geneva, Switzerland; NSTC, Taipei; STFC/UKRI, United Kingdom; DOE; NSF, United States of America; BCKDF; CANARIE; CRC; DRAC, Canada; FORTE; PRIMUS, Czech Republic; ERC [101116429]; ERDF; Marie Sklodowska-Curie Actions, European Union; Investissements d'Avenir Labex, Investissements d'Avenir Idex; ANR, France; DFG; AvH Foundation, Germany - EU-ESF; Greek NSRF, Greece; BSF-NSF; NCN; La Caixa Banking Foundation; CERCA Programme Generalitat de Catalunya; PROMETEO; Generalitat Valenciana, Spain; Goran Gustafssons Stiftelse, Sweden; Royal Society [NIF-R1-231091, ECA DE-AC02-76SF00515]; Leverhulme Trust, United Kingdom; Armenia: Yerevan Physics Institute (FAPERJ); CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research; Chile: Agencia Nacional de Investigacion y Desarrollo (FONDECYT) [1230812]; FONDECYT [1240864]; China: Chinese Ministry of Science and Technology [MOST-2023YFA1605700, MOST-2023YFA1609300]; National Natural Science Foundation of China [NSFC - 12175119, NSFC12275265, NSFC-12075060]; Czech Republic: Czech Science Foundation [GACR - 24-11373S]; Ministry of Education Youth and Sports [FORTE CZ.02.01.01/00/22_008/0004632]; PRIMUS Research Programme [PRIMUS/21/SCI/017]; EU [ERC - 101002463]; European Union: European Research Council [ERC - 948254, 101089007]; European Union [FAIR-NextGenerationEU PE00000013]; France: Agence Nationale de la Recherche [ANR-20-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0013, ANR-21-CE31-0022]; Germany: Baden-Wurttemberg Stiftung; Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft [DFG - 469666862, DFG - CR 312/5-2]; Ministero dell'Universita e della Ricerca [20223N7F8K - PNRRM4.C2.1.1]; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS KAKENHI) [JP22H01227, JP22H04944, JP22KK0227, RCN-314472, 9722]; Polish National Agency for Academic Exchange [PPN/PPO/2020/1/00002/U/00001]; Polish National Science Centre (NCN) [2021/42/E/ST2/00350]; NCN OPUS [2022/47/B/ST2/03059, UMO-2020/37/B/ST2/01043, UMO-2021/40/C/ST2/00187, UMO-2022/47/O/ST2/00148, UMO-2023/49/B/ST2/04085, UMO-2023/51/B/ST2/00920, UMO-2024/53/N/ST2/00869]; Slovenian Research Agency [J1-3010]; Spain: Generalitat Valenciana; FEDER [IDIFEDER/2018/048, NextGenEU PCI2022-135018-2, FEDERPID2021-125273NB, RYC2019-028510-I, RYC2020-030254-I, RYC2021-031273-I]; Swedish Research Council (Swedish Research Council) [2023-04654, VR 2018-00482, VR 2022-03845, VR 2022-04683, VR 2023-03403, 2021-03651]; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation [KAW 2018.0458, KAW 2019.0447, SNSF - PCEFP2_194658]; United Kingdom: Leverhulme Trust (Leverhulme Trust) [RPG-2020-004]; Neubauer Family Foundatio
Risk Factors in Addition To Short and Long-Term Outcomes With Thin Catheter Surfactant Administration Failure in Preterm Infants: a Retrospective Analysis
No full textKanmaz Kutman, H. Gozde/0000-0002-3177-9411; Siyah Bilgin, Betul/0000-0003-3807-4809; Kadioglu Simsek, Gulsum/0000-0003-4831-8950Objective: To evaluate the incidence of thin catheter surfactant administration (TCA) failure and compare short and long-term neonatal outcomes who failed TCA or did not. Design: Single-center retrospective cohort study. Infants between 25 and 30 weeks of gestational age with respiratory distress syndrome and receiving 200 mg/kg poractant alfa via thin catheter administration were included. TCA failure was defined as the need for early mechanical ventilation ( 72 h). Infants were divided into two groups those who failed TCA or those who did not. Results: The TCA failure rate was 24.6%. Initial oxygen requirement (0.39% vs. 0.36%) and the number of small for gestational age infants were significantly higher in the TCA failure group (15% vs. 7.9%). Infants who failed TCA had a higher pneumothorax (6.7% vs. 1.1%, p = 0.03), BPD (15% vs.5.5%, p = 0.02), late-onset sepsis (36.7% vs. 18%, p = 0.04), retinopathy of prematurity rates (11.7% vs. 3.3%, p = 0.02) and an increased duration of respiratory support. However, Bayley Scales of Infant Development II scores were comparable between groups at 18 and 26 months of corrected age. Conclusion: Infants who fail TCA are at increased risk for short-term complications despite favourable long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. Identifying infants at risk of TCA failure may help early prevention of morbidities and individualise their management